1
.
,
.
.
PAPER 2 Writing
Part 2
Part 3
PAPER 3 Use of English
Part 4
PAPER 4 listening
.¥
PAPER 5 Speaking
sse tia tips
~ Readeach textquicklyto understand itsgeneral meaning before you attempt the task.
~The gapped word or phrase may be part of a fixed expression, collocation or phrasal verb, or it may be a discourse marker which affects
the meaning ofthe text as a whole.
~Check the words before and after the gap carefully to decide what type of word you are looking for.
~Once you have finished the
task, readthewholetext again to checkthat yourchoices make sensein the text as a whole.
Question2: Which of the options forms a phrasal verb with 'off', meaning'do something to protect yourselffrom'?
Question 3:The preposition after
the gap is regularly used with one of the options.
Question 4: The sentence talks about the activity of decorating egg shells and how this can demonstrate artistictalent. Which option canbeused to describe how something is conveyed?
Question 6: One of theoptions is often used with a reflexive pronoun and the preposition 'to' to mean 'be suitable for being used in a particular way'. Question 7:One of the options
often collocates with 'collections'
that are on display in museums and art galleries.
Question 9:The correct option is oftenused to express that someone orsomething possesses something impressive.
Question 12:The correct option
must mean'open a building
officially forthefirst time'.
For questions 1-18, read the three texts below and decide which answer (A,B,Cor D) best fits each gap.
In ancient times the egg was a symbol of life, birth and fertility, and it featured prominently in several creation myths, representing the (1) beginnings of time and the birth of the universe. It was also believed that the egg had magical powers: it could (2) off storms, illnesses and the evil eye. In many societies decorated eggs were at the centre of rituals and ceremonies that (3) with the spring - a time of new life and growth after the long hard winter.
Today eggs continue to be important in many cultural and religious events - such as Easter - and shell decoration is an effective (4) for demonstrating artistic skills. The symmetrical form of the egg - often (5) one of the most aesthetically pleasing shapes in nature - (6) itself to a great variety of decorative techniques: it can be dyed, painted and embellished with leaves and flowers, and even gold, silver and precious jewels.
1 A total B complete C absolute D very
2 A ward B put C fend D send
3 A occurred B happened C resulted D coincided
4 A method B means C vehicle D drive
5 A regarded B considered C viewed D seen
6 A helps B lends C offers D provides
The Burlington Museum was recently re-opened after an extensive development programme that aims to make the collections (7) there more appealing to a wider public. The Museum's fine collections can now be seen in more inspiring (8) ,and exhibitions include a wide range of innovative displays which allow visitors to make use of the latest interactive information technology. The Museum also (9) an excellent new education centre and art room, as well as a gift shop. Finally, ramps and wider doorways offer improved (10) for the disabled and people with limited mobility.
The Museum worked closely with community groups to achieve its goals. One of the (11) of this collaboration is a Buddhist shrine created with the assistance and advice of the local Buddhist community. A priest (12) this significant exhibition and more than two hundred people of different faiths attended the event.
7 A set B placed C housed D homed
8 A backgrounds B contexts C frameworks D circumstances
9 A boasts B prides C scores D acquires
10 A entrance B access C admission D admittance
11 A effects B outputs C fruits D benefits
Question 14:The correct option must mean 'unexpected'.
Question 15: There isa'trap' , here, sothink carefully about the structure ofthe sentence and the meaning intended!
Question 17:Thecorrect option
must mean 'lift something heavy'.
Peter's plane was due to leave at 8.40 am. My father, having little (13) in my brgther's ability to get himself to the airport on time, had offered to drive him there. A punotual man himself by nature, he detested the thought of any (14) delays,
and soroused Peter as early as he dared. (15) ,they arrived at the airport well in advance of the recommended two hours prior to departure. They made their way over to the check-in desk, where a queue was only just starting to (16) up. When his turn came, Peter handed over his passport and ticket and (17) his bags onto the conveyor belt. The check-in attendant frowned. 'I'm sorry, sir,but you aren't on the passenger list,' she said. Then she took a closer look at his ticket and her eyes widened in surprise. 'Now I see the problem. You're booked on tomorrow's fli-9~t! You've come a day too early!' She turned to my father, who was temporarily (18) .
for words, and asked, 'Does he do this often?'
13 A credit B faith C belief 0 assurance
14 A improper B unfounded C groundless 0 untoward
15 A Subsequently B Duly C Consequently 0 Finally
16 A build B gather C collect 0 grow
17 A settled B hoisted C elevated 0 handed
CPE
TEST
PAPER 2 Writing PAPER 3 Use of English PAPER4 listening PAPER 5 Speaking
E
sential
lips
~ This part of the exam tests yourunderstanding of the whole short text ortext organisation, and some questions may alsofocus on
thedetailsin sectionsof the text.
~ Readeachtext quickly to understand its general
meaning before you attempt the questions.
~Readthe questions carefully anddecide which partofthe text theyrefer to.
~ Look at key words in the questions and see how they relateto the relevant part of the text.The text will probably
express ideasusing different words fromthose that appear
in the questionsandoptions.
~Checkthatthe option which answersthe question or completes the questionstem conveys the same meaning as that expressed in the text.
Question 19:What didthe
manufacturersdo before that is now changing?
Question 20: Readthe second paragraph and thinkcarefully
about how haptic feedback helps
the machine operator.Which optiondescribesthis most successfully?
You are going to read four extracts which are allconcerned insome way with the sense of touch. Forquestions 19-26, choose the answer (A, B, Cor D) which you
think fits best according to the text.
In touch w
i
th m
ach
i
nes
Engineers are finally beginning to recognise the value of the human touch with regard to the operation of mechanical devices. Until recently, the makers of automated machinery seemed bent on rendering operators redundant by reducing their involvement with the machine to the touch of a button. This theoretically made the user's job easier, but in practice, they felt they had no connection with the machine or how it functioned.
The relatively new field of haptics is changing all that. It focuses on ensuring that an operator can'feel' what a machine is doing. Haptic principles, which have been applied very successfully to cars and aircraft, are now being applied to earth-moving equipment with excellent results. By programming haptic feedback into the electronic control system, engineers are helping operators to enhance their understanding of how a machine is responding to a particular terrain through feel,and by doing so, achieve optimum performance. It is also hoped that operators will be able to anticipate possible hazards in the ground, such as hidden water or gas pipes,by means of haptic warning sensations transmitted through the controls and so take evasive action.
19 The writer says that until recently, the manufacturers of automated machinery A intended to make the users of machines redundant.
B felt no connection with the machine they were operating.
C largely ignored the human need for physical contact with a machine. D used haptic principles to develop machinery.
20 Haptic feedback
A reduces the operator's understanding of how his or her machine operates.
B enables the operator to manoeuvre machinery over the ground.
C makes the operator's job less complex.
fia f·
Question21:Readthe question stem andanswer options. Here,youarebeingasked in what way :; iropractors treat patients. Find" - epartof the text which c swersthisquestion. Which
otion expresses thesameidea inother words?
estion 22: Readthe question =:-Bmcarefully. Note that the
.erimplies that a person who
'shes to visit a chiropractor ::~oulddo something;however, -'"does not give this advice =mlicitly.
Chiropractic
- - - -
-
-
- - - - -
-
-
.•
.
-....
..
--
,.
Are
you suffering from back pain or inexplicable headaches? Any strained muscles from playing sport or perhaps whiplash from a recent accident? Then what you may need isto visit your local chiropractor.Chiropractors diagnose and then treat problems of a neuro
-musculoskeletal nature by making specific adjustments to the joints of the body - the spine in particular - in order to improve the function of the nervous system, and thereby enable the body's natural healing processes to do their work. No drugs or surgery, just gentle manipulation at the hands of a trained specialist!
Chiropractic is a primary health-care profession, negating the need for a doctor's referral. Registered chiropractors are subject to rigorous regulations, and high standards of practice are maintained.
Patients enthuse about the wonderful feeling of release they experience after treatment, and how much easier and more supple movement becomes. So why not give it atry? Chiropractic may change your life!
21 Chiropractors treat patients
A by employing gentle massage techniques. B by altering the alignment of bones in the body.
C by adjusting the position of nerves and muscles in the body. D by manipulating the nervous system.
22 Before visiting a chiropractor, the writer implies you should A visit a doctor who can diagnose your problem.
B obtain a referral from your doctor. C stop taking any medication.
Question 23: Lookfor a word or phrase inthe text that means 'realise' and what the writer say~ after this. Which option
expresses the same idea in other words? Also, think about the words in the options. For example, if you 'conform' to something, what does that mean?
Question 24: Think about the overall meaning ofwhat the writer says in the second paragraph. What does 'abstract images from forms' mean? What do artists try to do and how do they do it? How might the sense of touch help them to do this?
Art and Visual Impairment
Ks
a student artist with a minor visual impairment I had spent
years trying to keep up with my peers,
struggling to master the
principles of colour,
form and perspective,
until it dawned on me
one day that perhaps the ski
l
ls I was attempting to develop need
not necessarily be visual
.
I started to re
-
examine the way in which
I worked and realised that I co
u
ld change my perspective,
so to
speak
.
I started to dev
i
se a tactile approach to recording the world
that
w
o
u
l
d complement the way I experienced i
t -
rat
h
er than
me
r
el
y trying to reproduce it
.
To
u
c
h i
s far more meaningf
ul
to the visually impaire
d -
bl
i
nd
peop
l
e in particular
-
than it is for the majority of people. It can
offer an alternative means of observation that increases one's sense
of perception and it provides a unique,
non-visual way for artists to
abstract images from forms
.
Visual artists are taught to understand
lig
h
t
.
I have been learning to understand space and distance,
vo
l
ume and dimension, form and substance,
and to work with
materials that occasionally dwarf me.
23 What did the artist realise about herself?
A She had been trying to conform to established ideas about art.
B She needed to improve her visual skills.
C She wasn't astalented as the other students in her class.
D She could improve her sight by changing the way she worked.
24 How can touch be used in art?
A Itcan improve one's powers of observation. B Itfacilitates the power of sight.
C It enables artists to create without needing to see.
Question 25: Readthequestion stem carefully. You need tofind the'main' reason,which implies¥ there may beother reasons too:.. just less important ones!
Question 26: Be carefulnot to read too much between the lines.You maythink that a text implies something, butwhat does it actually say? Which of the options is stated explicitly in the text?
In touch with the child
Touch is the firs
t
sense to
develop
in the embryo. Only a few
weeks after conception
a
primitive
nervous system linking skin
cells to
a rudimentary
brain has already
developed.
Throughout
the
gestation
period
the foetus
'
s tactile system develops
and it
will remain
a
potent form of
communication
throughout the
course of a
person's
life. Essentially
,
touch aids
psychological,
intellectual
and physical development
while
its absence can
cause undeniable harm. Touch is
a
child
'
s
first language.
Long
before he can
see,
smell, taste or hear,
he experiences others
and
himself through touch,
the only reciprocal
sense
.
In our
consumer based society
,
we
misguidedly try to meet
the
sensory
needs
of the newborn by
providing
artificial
stimulation and
security, so that
we can keep ourselves
'at
a
distance. We put our
children down
to sleep
in cots,
monitoring
their
breathing with
alarms while we sleep
in the
next
room.
Instead of
holding them close
to our
bodies, we
push
them
around at arms'
l
e
ngth in
prams.
We suspend
them in baby
bouncers
in
an
attempt to
reproduce the experience
of
being
jogged around
in
human arms.
But
babies
need their
mothers,
not
machin
e
s and
contraptions. No invention can
substitute
for
the
direct
physical
contact
that
forms
the
basis
of the
mother
and
child
bond.
25 The main reason why touch is important is because A it is the first sense to develop.
B it facilitates healthy development. C it improves our communication skills. D it teaches us how to reciprocate.
26 What is the writer's main point in the second paragraph? A Children should never be left to sleep alone.
B Most people fail to provide the right kind of security for their children. C Man-made objects cannot replace nature in providing tactile stimulation.
You are going to read an article about palaeoanthropology. Seven paragraphs have
been removed from the article. Choose from the paragraphs A-H the one which fits
each gap (27-33). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use. PAPER 2 Writing
PAPER 3 Use of English PAPER4 Listening PAPER5 Speaking
If
these bones
cou
l
d talk .
..
Toa palaeoanthropologist, the past isan open book, but one
that failsto tellthe whole story.The covers aremissing.The
first chapters may never be found. There are hardly any pages, and most are so smeared and crumpled, so foxed and
faded,that the text could mean almost anything. The castof
characters isconfusing and narrative thread anybody's guess.
Isit adetective story,aclifThanger, or aromance? Can there
be ahappy ending?
C
EJ
_
Homo floresiensis wasthe mysterious survivor unearthed from
a cave on the island of Flores in Indonesia: a pygmy descendant, perhaps, ofHomo erectus,perhaps even connected
to an earlier human species,but with thisspecial feature: the bones were only 18,000 years old. So Homo sapiens, Homo
erectus, Homo neanderthalis and Homo floresiensis must have all shared the planet at the same time, tantalisingly recently: within the last 100,000 years perhaps. Now only Homo sapiens survives.
Q
!J
_
-
-
--
--
-
-
-
-
-Stringer, 57,ishead ofhuman origins at the Natural History Museum in London. One of palaeoanthropology's big
players, he has spent his career in pursuit of Homo neanderthalis and is also one of the great proselytisers of the
Out-of-Africa theory, the one that says the human story
begins on just one continent. Homo floresiensis, however,
astonished him.
~
--
--
--
--
-
-
--'Nature is constantly experimenting. Ithink alot of people thought that humans were somehow different; that we had
this all embracing culture and this unifying adaptation,
which meant that human evolution progressed in a
somewhat different way,because of our technology and the
way we probably vainly think we are partly controlling the world now. So people project backwards and think that
humans are somehow special.The evidence shows us that our evolution was as complex and asundirected, Isuppose, asthat of any other species we have studied.'
~
-
--
---
-
-
-
-Modern humans probably popped up within the last 200,000 years, but the things that make modern humans so distinctive in the fossil record - symbolic art, pottery and jewellery - bloomed only about 50,000 yearsago.Nobody
in the world of palaeoanthropology considers modern
humanity to be the flower of creation, either.A temporary
bloom, maybe.
QI
J
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
--Genetic evidence suggests humans may have come close to
extinction a number of times in the past.Modern humans shared the Middle East with Homo neanderthalis 120,000 years ago,and as Cro-Magnons became the sole tenants of Europe 30,000 years ago, a terrain held successfully by the
Neanderthals for more than 100,000 years. Did they compete? Did they co-exist? Did they trade, or cohabit?
[E]
~
_
'Istilltend to the view that the primary messagewould have
been: different. They would have had a different body
language, a completely different way of communication; they would havehad different behaviours.'
@
]
-
-
-
--
--
-
--
-
-He and his co-author Peter Andrews - a former head of human origins at the Natural History Museum, and an
expert on the early part of the human story - tried to tell
the story of human evolution not just through time, but through its context, Stringer says: how you set about
excavating a site,what a piece of tooth or jaw can tell you
about ancient human behaviour. In that,the title ofthe book means what it says: complete.
A It'shumbling, Stringer says.'We shouldn't see ourselves as
the summit of the pel{ection of whatever evolution is
trying to achieve.We seem to be very successful at the moment in terms of our numbers but, looking at iton a geological timescale, how ~uccessful will we look in 50,000 years, which is a very short time, geologically speaking?'
B 'Neanderthals were certainly human and evolved asus in their own way, but they were different. They had several hundred thousand years of evolving their own
anatomy and behaviour. But when these people met in
Europe would they have seen each other as people? Or
as someone different?' he says.
C What stories could these bones tell?And who could have dreamed, before their discovery that some tree-climbing,
pygmy-elephant-hunting human candidate could have
survived on a tropical island while Homo sapiens moved into the Fertile Crescent, preparing to invent agriculture, civilisation and global terrorism?
D He thinks the Neanderthals perished at a moment of maximum stress in the stop-go, hot-cold pattern of climate during the last ice age.Though they left their mark inthe Pyrenees, they never got to Britain at all.But then the human occupation of Britain itselfis a bit of a riddle.There is evidence of it, most of it indirect, of little pulses of human occupation, and then agap of 100,000 years when no humans appeared tohavevisited Britain at all. Modern humans finally moved in and stayed only 12,000 years ago.
~This part of the exam tests your understanding of how a text is organised and, in particular, how paragraphs relate to eachother.
~Readthe main text through first to getanidea of what itis about and how thewriter develops his or her subject matter.
~Read the paragraphs before and after each gap carefully to see how they are connected.
~Underline the names of people, organisations or places. Also, underline reference words such as'this', 'it', 'there', etc.They will help you see connections between sentences and paragraphs.
~Read paragraphs A-H and do the same, noting how each may belinked to the subject matter of the main article.
E These people were capable of making tools and
butchering large beasts like rhinos. They may not have killed these beasts themselves - they were, after all, dangerous animals- but evenif they were just scavenging, it must have taken some degree of cooperation and organisation to have driven off the lions or wolves, and secured the carcassfor themselves.
F There is astory-so-far, but that potted version ofevents is forever being revised, and nobody knows that better than Chris Stringer, one of the authors of a book published today called The Complete World
of
Human Evolution. Complete? Stringer spent eight years on the text. Then, latelastyear,hehad tosit down in one night and compose an entirely new chapter to incorporate the discovery of Homo floresiensis, also known asthe Hobbit.G Here isthe orthodm,'Y,pieced together over a century or more by Darwin's disciples: primate creatures with a capacity for walking upright emerged perhaps twenty million years ago.From these emerged the ancestors ofall gorillas, allchimpanzees and all humans. There isno line of evolution: think, instead, of foliage, and the surviving humans and two species of chimpanzees arejust nearby buds at the ends of twigs dose together on the tree oflife.
H 'Until that turned up, we had noidea that ancient humans had ever reached asfar asFlores.We certainly had no idea that there was a completely new kind ofhuman - or isit even human? That is still being argued about - living there, and the fact that it was still around there when modern people passed through the region. Each of those isastonishing and that shows how little we knew about
human evolution in that part of the world. We are
building up the pieces of a huge, complex jigsaw,and we still have alot of spaces tofillin,'he says.
~Underline time references and notice any changes intense within a text. The writer may be comparing a past situation with the present.
~When you have finished the task, read through the completed text to make sure it makes sense.
Question 30:Compare the paragraph before the gap with that which comes after it. Notice that in the paragraph after the gap, the writer makes use ofametaphor. Lookfor anoption which employs a similar use of language.
Question 32:Inthe paragraph before the gap, Homo
neanderthalis is mentioned and questions are asked. Look for an option which addresses these questions in some way.
You are going to read an extract from a short story. For questions 34-40, choose the answer (A,B, Cor D) which you think fits best according to the text.
PAPER3 Use of English PAPER4 Listening PAPER5 Speaking
'Time to go
,
Joe
:
Officer Dic
k
s
s
tands
i
n the no
w
open door
w
ay to f
r
eedom
.
I hesitate and
contemplate this fact
w
ith some trepidation
,
oscillating bet
w
een a feeling of
ex
citement and one
of utter dread
.
I suddenly feel as if I am standing at
the top of a precipice
,
parachute attached and ready
to jump
,
but tortu
r
ed by the ove
rw
helming fear that
w
hen I jump the chute
w
on
'
t open. Afte
r
dreaming
of this moment fo
r y
e
ar
s, endl
ess
ly counting off the
d
a
ys
,
o
v
er and o
v
e
r
- e
v
er
si
nce I cam
e
here
, i
n
f
act
- I am no
w
g
r
ipped
wit
h a sen
s
e of
t
e
r
ror a
t
th
e
thought
t
hat
th
e
tim
e
h
a
s
actuall
y
ar
r
ived.
B
i
ll, m
y s
o
o
n-to-be er
stw
h
ile
neighb
o
u
r,
no
t
ic
es
m
y s
u
d
den
r
elu
ctanc
e
and smi
le
s
,
nod
di
ng s
ag
ely.
'
Har
d
,
i
sn
'
t
i
t
?'
he sa
ys
.
'Y
o
u s
p
en
d
a
ll your time
w
aiti
n
g
f
or yo
ur r
elease
o
nl
y t
o f
i
n
d
t
h
a
t w
hen
i
t
comes do
w
n to
i
t, you d
o
n
'
t
w
an
t
to g
o. M
uc
h
as
you hate to admi
t
it, thi
s
dum
p h
a
s
become you
r
home
,
and the lad
s, ev
en the
w
ard
e
n
,
ble
s
s him
,
w
elt they've become
f
am
i
ly
:
A sarcastic quip in respon
se to
th
i
s last
r
ema
r
k
dies in my throat. It
s
t
r
i
k
es me that this motley
bunch of miscreants
w
ith
w
hom I have co-existed
for the last five years have indeed come to mean
something to me, and that in spite of myself I
w
ill
miss them
.
Like a
w
orn-out old coat that you can't
thro
w
a
w
ay
, w
e ha
v
e moulded together
,
an unli
k
ely
yet close-knit gr
o
up
,
no
t
particul
a
rly fond of each
othe
r,
pe
r
haps
,
but comfortable i
n
the f
a
mil
i
a
r
it
y
of
e
a
c
h othe
r
'
s p
r
esence
.
B
i
ll
, w
ith h
is w
eather-bea
t
en
,
po
ck-
marked f
a
ce and his
i
nf
uri
a
t
in
g
habit of
w
histling t
h
e
s
ame tu
n
e
ov
e
r a
n
d
o
v
er a
g
a
i
n has
become li
k
e a b
ro
t
h
e
r to m
e
.
He
m
a
y
ir
r
i
t
at
e
me to
s
creaming
p
oint
s
e
v
e
ral
times
a
d
ay
,
a
n
d no doub
t
i
f
you
w
e
r
e to a
sk
hi
m
about me
,
t
he feeling
w
ould be
mut
u
al, but
w
e hav
e
g
r
o
w
n
u
s
ed
t
o sha
r
ing a f
a
g
and
t
alking about nothing
i
n par
ti
cula
r.
It
s
uddenly
d
a
w
ns on me that he und
e
r
s
tand
s
me
i
n a
w
ay
no
b
ody
else ever has and I ne
v
er ha
v
e to pretend to
be
s
o
m
e
thing I am not with him. He
j
ust seems to
k
no
w
w
h
at is going on in my head and doesn't
ques
ti
on
i
t
,
but
ra
the
r
accepts it philosophi
c
a
l
ly
.
I
realise there is
s
ome
t
hing com
f
o
r
t
i
ng about
w
a
k
ing
up e
v
ery morning to the
s
ounds of Bill moving
around his domain ne
x
t door
.
Sighing, I tak
e
a la
s
t look around the walls of my
cell. Not much to look at because I never really
b
othered to de
c
orate it, my mind determinedly
focused on
t
he temporar
y
nature of my stay
.
Even
s
o,
it is
a
ma
z
ing ho
w we
unwittingly leave
t
races of
o
u
rs
el
v
e
s
w
here
v
e
r w
e g
o,
stamping our s
e
lf
o
n
e
v
er
y
thing
w
e t
ouch
.
The
r
e i
s
the rubbe
r
mar
k
on
the
w
a
l
l a
bove my
be
d
,
m
a
d
e by my thro
wi
ng a
sm
a
ll
ball
a
t
it
e
v
er
y day
,
an ac
t
ivi
t
y
wh
i
c
h gra
t
ed
on Bi
l
l
's n
e
rv
e
s
but
which he
l
p
e
d
me calm m
y
o
w
n
.
Th
en t
h
e
w
all aga
in
s
t
w
hi
c
h m
y
bunk st
a
nds
is
sp
at
t
ered
w
i
t
h
w
rit
i
n
g
:
the ly
r
ic
s
o
f
so
n
g
s
and the
li
nes
o
f poem
s t
h
at
I h
av
e
st
r
u
ggled not
t
o fo
r
get.
Whe
r
e
v
e
r
I lo
ok
, I
s
e
e t
hin
gs
that a
r
e
f
amilia
r
.
They
define me i
n som
e
w
ay and g
i
ve me my ident
i
ty by
w
hich other
s
recogni
s
e m
e.
Out there the unkno
w
n
w
aits to engulf me
,
a
n
d the loneliness of being
marginalised b
y
society
;
I
w
ill be branded by the
fact that I ha
v
e done time - just another bad apple
.
It occurs to me that
w
e convicts spend all our
time cooped up and trapped
,
longing for the
moment
w
e
w
ill be f
r
ee again
,
not realising that
there is a pe
rv
erse f
r
eedom t
o
being inside
:
a
f
r
eedom f
r
om all forms of r
es
ponsibility
.
You
r
accommod
at
i
o
n
, f
ood
,
clothing and essen
t
ials are all
p
r
ovided
fr
e
e
o
f
charge
.
The
r
e
i
s no need to
w
o
rk
and you can
s
pend
a
l
l
da
y
read
i
ng o
r j
u
s
t
d
oing
not
hi
ng i
f
y
o
u
w
ant
to
.
Su
ch
lu
x
u
r
ies a
r
e
h
a
r
d t
o
c
o
me b
y o
n
th
e outs
id
e
b
ec
au
se out ther
e
you a
r
e
'
f
or
c
e
d
t
o
fend f
or y
ou
r
sel
f a
nd perha
p
s
f
or o
t
he
r
s in
a
n un
f
or
gi
vi
n
g
soc
iet
y
,
and it
'
s tough
.
Ou
t
there
,
you mu
s
t face
li
fe
.
He
r
e
,
you can turn
y
ou
r
b
a
ck on
it, and
t
h
a
t see
ms
co
sy
a
n
d appealing
t
o m
e r
ight
no
w.
Reach
i
ng
t
he door
,
m
y t
hre
s
hold to freedom
,
I
look over at Bill and sa
y w
ryly
:
'I1l be back before
you kno
w
it:
I
I,r
·"
!lmp"""J
'
ssentia tips
~ This part ofthe exam testsyour detailed understanding of a text,includingthe views an;J attitudes expressed. . ~ Readthe whole text quickly for
its general meaning- the gist. ~ Thequestions follow the order ofthetext, although thelast question may referto the text as awhole or ask about the
intention or opinion of the
writer.
~ Readeach questionor question stem and try to
identify thepartofthetext whichit relates to. Then read the relevant part of thetext
carefully andthinkofthe meaning of what you are
reading.Lookforthe option
that expresses this meaning,
probably in otherwords.
~ Be careful:someoptions may state facts that are truein
themselves but which do not answer the question or
complete the question stem correctly;othersmayinclude words used in the text,but this
does not necessarily mean that the meaningiscorrect;yet others may beonly partly true. ~ Checkthat the optionyouhave chosen iscorrect by trying to find out why the otheroptions are incorrect. Question34: An option maybe a
'rue statementin itself, but this
doesnot necessarily meanit answers thequestion correctly.
Nhatdoes the writer actually tell
liS abouthis feelings inthis oaragraph?
Question 38: If you do not know - emeaningof thewords inthe
options,guess.Forexample,if oudo not know what'ostracised'
eans,imaginehowsomeone
ohas done timein prison
ightbetreated by therestof
society.
estion39: Make sure you ~owwhat'ironic' means. Irony
...anbe difficult to detect in a text _ dyou must be alerttothe
.er's intentions.
34 In the first paragraph, how does the writer allude to his situation?
A He has mixed feelings about it.
B He isafraid of heights.
C He thinks there may be disastrous consequences.
D He regrets wasting so much time.
35 How did the writer react to Bill's comment?
A Hecouldn't think of anything clever to say.
B He realised that Bill would miss him.
C He suddenly saw the warden as a member of his family.
D Hethought Bill had made a good point.
36 The writer and Bill
A have nothing much in common.
B dislike each other.
C find solace in each other's company.
D have developed some peculiar habits.
37 The writer finds it surprising that
A he didn't decorate his cell after all these years.
B he has left evidence of his personality in the cell.
C he has spoiled the wall near his bed.
D he has forgotten the words to some songs.
38 How does the writer feel about leaving prison?
A He is aware that there will be nothing familiar around him.
B He isworried that people won't recognise him any more.
C He is afraid that he will beostracised asan ex-convict. D He isconcerned about leaving his old friends behind.
39 In the penultimate paragraph, what does the writer imply is ironic?
A that prison offers certain liberties
B that free people have many responsibilities
C that luxuries are rare in the outside world
D that prison life is more comfortable than life outside
40 Overall, the writer implies that leaving prison
A is an event that is long overdue.
B is a reason for celebrating.
C is not asjoyful as he thought itwould be.
D is only atemporary situation.
Question40: This question refers to the wholeof thetext. Some of
the optionsmaybe mentioned
somewhere inthe text and so appeartobecorrect,but this does
not meanthat they expresswhat
PAPER 3 Use of English PAPER 4 Listening PAPER 5 Speaking
~ In Paper 2 you must answer two questions in two hours, so
timing is important. ~ The question in Part 1 is
compulsory. You may be asked to write an article, anessay, a letter or a proposal. All of these will be written for a particular purpose and target reader. Make sure you are familiar with allfour text types that may occur in Part 1.
~Part 1 tests your ability to process information given to you through instructions as well as written or visual prompts in order to produce a piece of writing that makes use of this information in an appropriate style.
~Read the instructions carefully and underline the key words that tell you what you have to do. Then read the written prompt, which may be an extract from aletter, article, etc.
and underline the relevant information. Ifthere is a visual
prompt as well, make sure you understand what information it
is conveying. You must make use of all the information in your writing.
Question 1
~Here, you have been asked to write aletter to a newspaper, so think about the register-how formal or informal should it be?
~Analyse the points in the written prompt. How far do you agree ordisagree with each point? Do you agree? Do you disagree? Ordo you agree with some points to a certain extent but disagree with others?
You must answer this question. Write your answer in 300-350 words in an
appropriate style.
·1 You have read the extract below as part of a newspaper article about the way technology has affected the lives of young people. Readers have been asked to send in their opinions. You decide to write a letter to the newspaper responding to the points raised and expressing your own views.
T
h
e
in
f
iltration o
f tec
hn
o
l
ogy
in our
liv
es
i
s
ha
vi
ng a negativ
e effe
ct on our
c
h
il
dren. Whereve
r
we tu
r
n
,
we see
y
oung
people
c
lutchi
n
g
mobile
t
e
l
e
phones,
sitting
a
t cybe
r
cafes
,
or
eng
ro
s
sed in
s
om
e co
mput
er ga
me.
T
h
ey
no longer
se
em
to
b
e i
ntere
s
ted
i
n
t
h
e
ir o
w
n
c
ultu
r
e
a
nd
a
r
e l
o
s
ing
thei
r indi
v
id
u
alit
y.
T
h
ey en
g
a
g
e
l
ess
i
n
w
h
o
le
s
ome
p
h
ys
i
ca
l
ac
ti
v
iti
e
s,
sp
e
nd mo
r
e tim
e
ind
oo
r
s
,
h
ave f
e
w
er
soc
i
al
p
as
tim
es
-
ev
e
n
th
e
i
r aca
d
e
mic
perfo
rmanc
e see
m
s to
b
e s
uff
e
ring.
A
r
e we
t
o s
it ba
c
k
a
nd d
o
n
ot
hing a
s
t
h
e
n
ex
t
ge
n
e
rati
o
n tu
r
n
i
nt
o wa
lking
tech
n
o
-
zombie
s?
~Plan your writing so that your own points are clearly organised and leadtowards a strong conclusion. Finish your letter with a strong, clear point or by saying what you hope the outcome will be.
which can lend weight to each of your points. Use examples wherever possible in order to underline your message.
~Make sure you use agood selection of linking words and phrases in your writing.
~ Make sure the examiner can read your writing. When you have finished, check your spelling and punctuation.
~See the Writing bank on page 142 for examples of different types of writing.
~Think about appropriate language and expressions
PAPER 3 Use of English PAPER 4 Listening PAPER 5 Speaking
~There are four questions to
choose from in Part2.Question
5relates tothe set books (works of literature) which you might
have studied and prepared. For
questions 2-4 you will be
required towrite one ofthe following text types: an article, a letter,a proposal. a report ora review. Ifyou have studied one
ofthe set books and want to answer question 5,you can expect to write one ofthe following text types: an article, anessay,a letter, a report or a
review. Make sure you havehad
practice writing alltext types.
~ Choose aquestion you think you will be able toanswer
satisfactorily. Readeach
question carefully. Are you ami liar with the features of the
exttype? Do you know enough
appropriate vocabulary to write onthetopic in the question?
akesure you understand hatyou have to do by _nderlining the key points in
- equestion and then plan
.our answer around these, ing down suitable words
" dphrases you may want to
_se inyour writing.
::: ,yourself into the 'context' :;=thetask, and consider your -='get reader. Then write your
-: . in aregister and style ,,:;propriate for the particular -=-x:.
:-eck your text for relevance,
-:-etyof language and racy.
'on3
---nk about the question __Jirements. Who are your -=~et readers? You should not _-:-00formal since you are
-ng for fellow students, but ::.3C:ni-formal register would
--=
"ppropriate.Write an answer to one of the questions 2-4 in this part. Write your answer in 300-350 words in an appropriate style.
-2 The local council authority has recently decided to develop an area of neglected
wasteland measuring approximately 5,000 square metres on the outskirts of the town. They hope to make full use of the area for the benefit of both locals and visitors. They have therefore invited the public to send in proposals. So far, there have been suggestions that the area be used for parkland, a sports complex, a hypermarket, an entertainment complex or a nature reserve.
3 You have been asked to write a review for your college magazine comparing two of the textbooks you have been studying this year on your course. Write your
review and say what you think of the books' level and content and whether they meet students' expectations and requirements.
4 The restaurant chain that you work for has received a number of complaints about the poor quality of service and food at one of its restaurants. You have been asked to investigate the complaints and submit a report, commenting on the present standard of food, the quality of staff service, and making suggestions for improvements.
~Underline the key points in the question and make notes. This question asks you to compare two textbooks, so decide whether you want to praise
them, criticise them or praise
some aspects and criticise others. Consider contrasting the two books.
~ Organise your points into
paragraphs before writing.
Question 4
~Consider the topic carefully. Your
report should be addressed to a particular person in authority,
and needs to beformal in style. So think of suitable language
you can use.
~Reports tend to bewritten
according to aset plan. This includes:
•an introduction, inwhich
you explain your purpose for writing your report and the matters you have investigated.
•the main body (usually two
or more paragraphs). in
which you discuss the
current situation. In this
case, one paragraph could describe the present standard offood, citing some complaints that have
been made about it,as well as your own observations.
Another paragraph could describe the present quality of service in a similar way.
•aconclusion, in which you make recommendations for improving the situation.
~Carefully planned, areport is relatively straightforward.
PAPER 1 Reading PAPER 2 writing PAPER4 Listening PAPER 5 Speaking Part 2
Part
3 Part 4 Part 5~ Readthe whole text for gist before you attempt the task. It is important to notice if negative ideas are expressed, or where there is antithesis or contrast.
~Think about thl:!type of word that is missing.Most gapped words form part of the grammatical structure of a sentence, but some may form partof a phrasal verb or a fixed phrase.
~Checkthe words before and after the gap carefully, Remember,the gapped word must fit into the meaning of the text as a whole.Sometimes a gapped word will affect the development of the text,so be careful.
~When the gapped word is a quantifier,think about whether it is positive or negative.When it is a connector,does it introduce a supporting point or a contrasting one?
~Onceyou have completed the task,read through the text again to make sure it makes sense.Checkyour spelling: marks are notawarded for misspeltwords.
Question 2: Thinkof an expression with 'to' which means 'as a result of'. Question 4: Which particle follows 'stumble' to form a phrasal verb meaning 'find or discover by chance'? Question8: Look at the grammatical structure
immediately after the gap. What type of word are you looking for?
For questions 1-15, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in each space. There is an example at the beginning (0).
For centuries Egyptian hieroglyphics represented (0) of the
world's greatest linguistic challenges. They (1) scholars baffled
until they were finally deciphered in the nineteenth century, (2) to
the discovery of the Rosetta Stone.
In the year 1799 some French soldiers found a slab of black basalt
(3) working on a fortress near the small town of Rosetta. One
officer, Pierre Francois Bouchard, realised they had stumbled (4) . a finding of great significance and handed it over to scholars.
The Rosetta Stone has inscriptions in two languages, Egyptian and Greek,
(5) there are, in fact, three scripts carved on it. The
(6) script is hieroglyphics, a pictorial form of writing used
(7) transcribe the language of Ancient Egypt, and which
(8) be found on many Egyptian buildings and monuments. The
hieroglyphics are followed by Demotic, (9) Egyptian script. The
third script is Ancient Greek, and it was (10) that alerted
Bouchard, who recognised it, to the importance of the discovery.
Many scholars became involved (11) the task of deciphering
hieroglyphics, but it was (12) until 1822 that there was a major breakthrough. The 'French linguist, Jean Francois Champollion was familiar with
(13) Greek and Coptic, the language of the Christian descendants
of the Ancient Egyptians. He was able to (14) out the Demotic
signs in Coptic and from there traced a path back to hieroglyphics,
(15) making their decipherment possible.
Question12:Which word goes with 'until' toexpress that it was'only' in 1822thatscholars came close to finding a solution?
Question15:Which word conveys theidea of'in this way'? Sometimes more than oneword can complete a gap correctly.
PAPER 1 Reading PAPER2 Writing PAPER4 PAPER5 Speaking Part 3 Part 4 Part 5
~ Read the whole text for gist before you attempt thetask.
~Look at each gap carefully and decide what part of speech is missing - noun,verb, adjective,or adverb.
~Look atthe contextto decide whether the gappedword shouldhave apositive or negative meaning.
~If the gapped word isa noun, shouldit be singular or plural? If it is averb, what tense or form should it be?
~Check if the gappedword is an
adjective or an adverb. ~You may need to addoneor
more prefixes and/orsuffixes to the word in capitals,andyou
mayalso need to makeinternal changes.Also,lookout for
compound words. Be prepared to experiment!
~Once youhave completed the task, read through the text again to make sure it makes
sense.Check your spelling:
marks are not awarded for
misspelt words.
Question 16: Here,you need an
adjective, Thinkcarefully how :his isformed.
Question17: Is the gappedword
anoun,verb, adjective or
adverb? Should ithave apositive
or negative meaning? Question19:Notice the
antithesis in the sentence.
Question 21:Avaccine isa
substancegiven topeople or
3nimals to protect them against
isease. Is the meaning of the
•ordyou needhere positiveor
-egative?
Question25: Has public opinion ::>'bats so farbeen positive or
-egative?
For questions 16-25, read the text below. Usethe word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the space in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Write your answers in CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.
There are (0) myths surrounding bats, those
(16) creatures of the night: that they are blind and carry rabies, and ifyou (17) wander into their lair, they panic and flap around wildly. They may even become
(18) in your hair. You may, therefore, be
surprised to. learn that in fact, these wonderful mammals have
good eyesight and depend on sonar for nocturnal navigation. Their talent for echolocation makes it virtually impossible for them to bump into you, let alone get caught up in your hair. Another (19) view of b~ts is that they are dirty; in reality,
they groom themselves (20) Few ofthem carry
rabies and you would be more likely to contract the disease from
an (21) dog or cat.
Bats play an important role in the environment. About seventy
percent of bat species feed almost (22) on
insects, thus assisting farmers with pest control. But they are important in other ways, too. Some species feed primarily on fruit
and so aid in seed (23) , while others feed on
nectar and pollen and many plants depend on them for
(24) .
So beari~ all this in mind, isn't it time we stopped speaking of
bats with ,(25) and started to see them as the amazing animals they really are?
VARIETY
ENIGMA
SUSPECT
GUIDE DAY
PAPER 1 Reading PAPER2 Writing
PAPER4 Listening PAPER 5 Speaking
~ Make sure you read all three sentences in a set.A word may make sense in one ortwo of the sentences, but it is not correct unless it makes sense in all three!
~The gapped word mustbe the same part of speech and have the same form ineach sentencein a set.
~Thegapped word mayhave an unusualor unfamiliar usage,or form part of an expression or phrasal verb.
Question 26: Read the second
'sentence;it will help if you know what a symphony is and who Brahms and Schumann were. Question 28:You should be able toguessthe gappedword by readingthefirstsentence, but if youcan't, the adjective in the second sentence hasthe meaning of 'strong and able to deal with difficult situations'. Question 30: The gapped word has a similar meaning in the second and third sentences: 'make longer in time or distance'.In the first sentence the word is part of an expression.
For questions 26-31, think of one word only which can be used appropriately in all three sentences. Here is an example (0).
Example:
o
•
We are setting off at first ,so please go to bed early.• She had to explain the matter to me again before I saw the
26 • Before the interview Brian took a deep breath and tried to .
himself.
• Did Schumann this symphony, or was it Brahms?
• Try to your thoughts before you start on the essay.
27 • My grandmother managed to five children
single-handedly.
• Before ending the meeting, the Managing Director asked if anyone wanted
to any objections.
• They will the flag while we sing the national anthem.
28 • The steak was so that you couldn't cut it, let alone chew it!
• Gerald thinks helooks in that black leather jacket with the
studs.
29 • Why don't more women for public office?
• Does your car on unleaded petrol or diesel?
• We are going to a series of advertisements in the local
paper.
30 • I would like to a warm welcome to you all and thank you
for being with 'ustonight.
• They are planning to the road by twenty kilometres.,
'/
• They originally intended to spend ten days in Egypt but now they've
decided to their visit.
31 • They the monument to the memory of the soldiers who
died in the war.
• The doctor his life to finding a cure for this fatal disease.
• She the song to her husband, who had helped her
PAPER 1 Readrng PAPER2 Writing
PAPER 4 Listening
PAPER 5 Speaking
~ Read both sentences carefully. The gapped sentence must express all the information contained in the prompt sentence, but in different words.
~You must use thekey word to completethe gapped sentence, but you must not change its form in any way.
~The key wordmay be part of
an expression.
~ You may need to change the
form of words in the prompt
sentence, and the order in which you express the
information.
~Beprepared to experiment. For example, you may have to
change an active structure to a
passive one,or a positive sentence to a negative one. ~Your answer must bebetween
reeand eight words in ength.If you write too few or :00 many words, you will be o:>enalised.
estion32:Which expression 'under'conveys the idea of
--llre isno way'? Asentence
=-
inning in thiswaywill need~- 'nversion.
estion 33:'Averse'suggests __ dislikesomething. Whatdo
,
=_
eedto say here in orderto: "the gapped sentencethe
--e meaning as the prompt
_ .""nce?
.on36:The key word is
.afixed expression .:c=~ing'notconsistent with'.
'on39: You will need to ersion here.
For questions 32-39, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words, including the word given. Here is an example (0).
Example:
o
He struggled to open the door. difficultyHe the door.
o
had difficulty in opening1
=
0
=
I
32 There is no way I'm letting you go to that party! allowing
Under to that party!
Although I ,they wouldn't be my first
choice.
34 You shouldn't expect your mother to do everything for you! taking
Stop your mother will do everything
for you!
35 We wouldn't have got out alive without the fire fighter's help.
been
Had , we wouldn't have got out alive.
36 It's not like her to behave like that as she's normally very calm. keeping
Her behaviour her normally calm nature.
on
Your entr'y your examination results.
38 The rumours of his being fired are not true. contrary
Despite , he has not been fired .
She was very nice to me at first and I never imagined she could be so cruel! little
She was so nice to me at first she
PAPER 1 Reading PAPER 2 Writing Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 Part 4 PAPER4 Listening PAPER5 Speaking ~ Readthrough both texts to get an idea of how they are similar andalso how they are different.
~ It is a good idea to attempt questions 40-43 first. This will help you focus on the points made in each text.
~Your answersto questions 40-43 do not need tobe full sentences,but they needto be clearly expressed.
~Somequestions may ask you to findwords or phrases in the text. Others may ask you to explain the meaning of words and phrases or part of the text. Use your own words to do this and do not copywords and phrases from the text.Be careful toexplain only what you are asked for,not the whole paragraph!
Question40: What is the word 'commercial' usually associated
with? Consider how tourism might develop if more and more people want to visit Antarctica.
For questions 40-44, read the following texts on tourism in Antarctica. For questions
40-43, answer with a word or short phrase. For question 44, write a summary according to the instructions given.
Antarctica represents ten percent of the Earth's landmass and is also the world's last unspoilt wilderness, so it is hardly surprising that greater numbers of people are visiting the frozen continent every year.Tourism to Antarctica began in the late 1950s but it wasn't until the 1990s that it began
5to have a commercial impact. In the summer season 2004-5, over 27,000 tourists visited Antarctica, and if one takes into account the crew, support teams and scientists that went there too, the actual number of visitors was closer to 50,000. The tourist industry is predicting that these figures will increase even further. Mass tourism has arrived.
Tourism is already exerting pressures on the Antarctic environment, and what worries environmentalists is that there is no current regulation and
12very little constraint on where people may go and what they can do there. Tours to important wildlife and historic sites often attract large numbers of people, and a new kind of 'adventure tourism' - offering activities such as scuba-diving, skydiving, and skiing - has also arrived. Tourists can even fly directly in to waiting ships, and there is now better access to inland areas thanks to light aircraft, helicopters and land vehicles. Inevitably, there have been calls for accommodation to'be built ashore, as well as airstrips and landing sites.
However, if tourism is not to compromise Antarctica's designation as a natural reserve, it must be subject to certain restrictions concerning where people can go and the types of activities they can do once they get there. Otherwise it is doubtful whether Antarctica can remain the last pristine environment on the planet for much longer.
Question 42: How might tourists to Antarctica like to feel? (They pay a lot of money to visit the ./
only continent that has not been populated by people.) Why do some tour operators avoid other groups of tourists when they arrive?
Question 44
~Here,you needto use information from both texts in order to write a short
summary. Read the question carefully to see what information you are being asked for.
~Make a list of points from the two texts and then check that they are relevant to the question.
~Thefirst text includes two points for your summary. The first of these forms part of the message running through the text and ishard to miss. The second point is briefly mentioned but it is something that you would probably consider ifyou were thinking of visiting Antarctica. The second text also includes two points. The first clearly mentions one of the things apotential visitor should be aware of. The second point offers advice. ~Write your summary from the
list you have made, using your own words as far'as possible.
Remember:
•A summary needs no .., introduction or conclusion. •You need to summarise what
thetexts say, but you are not asked for your opinion. •Do not include unnecessary
details such as examples to support apoint.
~Checkthe number of words, vocabulary, sentence structure, etc~
NTARCTICA
has no indigenous population - if you exclude the unavoidable colonies of penguins - and the only people you are likely to see there are other tourists. Some prudent tour
operators, however, schedule their landings so they don't bump into each other, thus reinforcing the illusion of the wilderness experience.
Vessels travelling to the Antarctic vary in size from cruisers carrying around fifty passengers to much larger ice-strengthened vessels with a capacity of 1,000 or so. The International Association of Antarctic Tour Operators (IAATO),a well-respected voluntary organisation, has established rules about the size of ships allowed into Antarctic waters and conduct o't landing sites,so you should check that the tour
company you go with is a member. One of these rules states that no more than 100 people can visit land at anyone time,so it is usually better to go with a smaller ship to ensure you will get
to see some of the spectacular wildlife and natural features of the continent up close.
Tours operate in the summ,ermonths, between November and March, when you can expect more than twenty hours of sunlight and temperatures up to 10°C. In the winter temperatures can plunge to -90°C, but only a handful of hardened scientists ever sit it out.
44 In a paragraph of 50-70 words, summarise in your own words as far aspossible
which factors, according to both texts, should be taken into consideration by anyone thinking of going on a tour to Antarctica. Write your summary on the separate answer sheet.
PAPER 1 Reading
PAPER
2
WritingPAPER 3 Use of English
.
.
.
.
~
PAPER 5 Speaking Part 2 Part 3 Part 4
~ Before you listen, readthe statement that introduces each extract and the two questions or question stems that follow. These will give you an idea of what to expect. The extracts are short, so you don't have much time to analyse the context while you are listening. ~Underline the key words in the
statements and questions. ~You may hear monologues or
dialogues from real life situations: a conversation overheard on a bus, or someone talking on the radio, for example.
~Listen for gist the first time, noting the options you think are correct. Watch out for traps: some words or
expressions may be misleading and two ofthe options are there toconfuse you. ~ The second time you listen,
check your answers carefully.
Question 1: The woman mentions feeling 'green', which can have more than one .meaning. However, in this case,
the meaning is connected tothe fact that the seaisrough, and creates a contrast with the baby's peaceful sleep.
Question 3:Listen carefully to the whole extract before choosing your answer. There are key words in the text which will help you.
You will hear four different extracts. For questions 1-8,choose the answer (A,Bor Cl which fits best according to what you hear.There are two questions for each extract.
How did she feel during the trip?
A terrified
B seasick C inexperienced
2 What did they discover when they reached the next island?
A The harbour. was old and ill-equipped.
B There were too many ferries.
C The locals were not very accommodating.
3 What is he talking about?
A making a sculpture
B making a wooden doll C making a musical instrument
What does he think is the most important factor in making this object? A precision
B patience
Question 6: You could get confusedhere by thevarious combinations inthe options.As youlisten, tick offthe pointsyou
hear,but remember that you may not hear the samewords. Question 7: Listen carefully for
comments which indicate the speaker's attitude towards the
activities performed in the darkroom.
Which factor assisted the woman in teaching her dog sign language?
A The breed has a tendency to be born with hearing problems.
B Visual communication is instinctive in dogs.
C The dog in question was especially intelligent.
6 How did the woman train her dog?
A by using sign language and facial expressions
B by using facial expressions and spoken commands
C by using sign language, facial expressions and spoken commands
7 How does he feel about the darkroom becoming outmoded?
A relieved
B regretful
C non-committal
8 The software for digital cameras is so far unable to
A save the photographer money.
B produce good quality posters.
PAPER 1 Reading PAPER 2 Writing PAPER 3 Use of English
ssent-a. ti
5
~ Before you listen, read the questions carefully, paying special attention to any words that may give a clue to the gapped word(s). Key words in the sentence can act as indicators of what to listen out for.
~ The first time you listen, try to understand the overall meaning as this is crucial. The questions follow the order of the text, so you have some indication of where you will hear the answer.
~ As you listen, jot down any words or phrases that seem to complete the gaps correctly, both in meaning and grammatically. Listen out for the key words you noted so you know when the answer is about to be mentioned.
Sometimes you may hear names, dates or numbers.
~The second time you listen,
make sure your answers correspond to what is being said. The word(s} you need will be heard in the recording, but sometimes a very close synonym or paraphrase is acceptable.
~Once you have completed the task, check your spelling. Question 9:What can a person suffer from? Listen for a word that might describe an illness or physical condition.
Question 13: Listen for what the Indians do to the baby's head. If it isaword you do not know, try to write it as close as possible to the way it sounds or the way you imagine it would be spelt. Don't leave a question unanswered.
You will hear part of a radio talk about the ways in which birth is celebrated around the world. For questions 9-17, complete the sentences with a word or short phrase.
Some women suffer from
I
~
[TI
after the birth of a child.
A special
I
~
~Q!]
for babies and toddlers may be held in Nigeria.
In some cultures, trees are planted because they represent
good health and
I
QI]
Rivers and springs may play a role in birth ceremonies
because they symbolise
I
@]
__________
I
JIJ
a baby's head. Some people believe the gods will bless a new babyand offer it thei r
1====================D3J
Some women paint their bodies or wear special jewellery toI
~~
as new mothers.Learning to walk is one of the important
I
----QIJ
16 in a child's life.---In many cultures, a I
DIJ
marks the transition between childhood and adulthood.
Question 15: Here you need a phrase. Listen for examples of women who paint their bodies or wear jewellery.
Question 17: Listen for a phrase which means 'the special events that mark the journey between
