~ Before you listen,read the instructions.Who is speaking and whatis the situation?
~Readthe questions carefully and imagine the content of what you are about to hear.
Underline key words in the questions and question stems.
~The words in the questions will not usually be the same as the words used by the speakers, so listen forsimilar ideas
expressed in a differentway.
~Thespeaker's attitudetohis or her subject isvery important.
Listen carefully to any language which conveys feelings or opinions.
~The firsttimeyou listen, concentrate on understanding what the speakers are saying rather than answering the questions.
~Thesecond timeyou listen,be ready tochooseyouranswers.
Question 18: The speaker mentions all the options, but
hich one does he give asbeing
~ereason for scholars'special - 'erest in thesite?
estion 19: What does
~ofessor Pretz say about the
.NO theories? Do they have the sameapproach to thesubject?
estion20: Readeachoption, --en listen carefully towhatthe ::-ofessorsays about
_ ourmouziadis' interpretation.
=:r>--s he accept it completely?
estion22: Payattention to the ::-dingof each option. Then
-ncarefully to the professor's
= :: comments. What conclusion
hedraw?
You will hear an interview with an historian. For questions 18-22, choose the answer (A,B, Cor Dj which fits best according to what you hear.
18 The settlement at Dimini is especially interesting because A it dates back to the Neolithic period.
B it includes a large, central building surrounded by smaller ones.
C it is surrounded by a series of stone walls.
D it is the oldest example of an organised community in Greece.
19 The two theoretical reconstructions of the site A are based on different interpretive models.
B assume that the central building was a castle.
C were influenced by the writings of Homer.
D were formulated at roughly the same time.
20 According to Professor Pretz, Chourmouziadis' interpretation A isconvincing and provides insight into how the settlement
worked.
B is based on evidence of social and economic activity in the settlement.
C is persuasive but the thinking behind it is open to question.
D is too simple and generic to be of any real value to historians.
21 The main difference between the two theories regarding Dimini is that
A they disagree about the settlement's social system.
B they disagree about the function of the central building.
C they disagree about the economic function of the settlement.
D the historians were inspired by different authors.
22 Professor Pretz
A thinks historians should pay more attention to the social, historical and cultural influences of the period.
B suggests that the study of the past is affected by influences in the historian's own society.
C proves that some historians are entirely subjective in their approach to the study of the past.
D implies that the interpretations of the settlement at Dimini are unrealistic.
PAPER 1 Reading PAPER2 Writing PAPER 3 Use of English
ssential
~Read the questions carefully to get an idea of what will be discussed and the opinions that will be expressed.
~Pay close attention to any views that seem to conflict. It is unlikely that a speaker would contradict him/herself, so these are probably mentioned by different speakers.
~If a speaker mentions a point, wait until the other speaker has expressed his or herview because you needto know if they agree or not.
~ Listen for words or phrases that show agreement or disagreement, for example 'you're quite right', or 'I'm afraid Idisagree', although agreement and disagreement are usually expressed more subtly than this.
~Listen for different ways of saying the same thing or expressions which have a similar meaning.
~Check your answers when you listen the second time.
Question 23: How might you express 'widely available' in other words?
Question 24: What does 'superfluous' mean? What is another way of talking about images on a computer? Who mentions this?
Question 27: Which noun may reflect what something
'contains'? Listen for this in the text, as well as someone comparing it to visual images or pictures.
Question 28: What is
'endorsement'? If something is 'official', where does itcome from?
You will hear part of an interview with Penny and Simon, two Internet business advisers. For questions 23-28, decide whether the opinions are expressed by only one of the speakers, or whether the speakers agree.
Write P for Penny S for Simon
or B for Both, where they agree.
PAPER1 Reading PAPER2 Writing PAPER3 Use of English PAPER4 listening
la •
~ Try to be as natural as possible in your interview, and smile!
This will help both you and the other candidate to relax.
~Use as much variety of language as possibleand avoid repeating words and
expressions the other candidate has used.
~Listen to the examiner's questions and instructions carefully.
~In Part 2,which is the interactive part of the interview,remember to address the other candidate, not the examiner,and avoid long monologues. You are supposed to be conducting a conversation,so talk with your partner, asking him or her questions,as well as expressing your own ideas.
~In Part 3,you will need to express your opinion on a subject, so learn useful words and expressions to help you do this. Express yourself as honestly as possible - we generallyexpress ourselves better when we believewhat weare saying!
Answer these questions:
• How would you describe the area you live in?
• What are your neighbours like?
• Would you prefer to live somewhere else?
• What would you like to improve about the area you live in?
Candidates A and B: Turn to pictures A-Fon page 130-131,which show images connected with space.First look at pictures A and F and discuss how space exploration has helped us to understand more about the world we live in. You have about one minute for this.
Now look at all the pictures. I'd like you to imagine that the government is thinking of spending more money on space exploration and wants to produce a leaflet to publicise thefact. Talk about the importance of expanding our knowledge of the universe and decide which picture would be used most effectively for the cover of the leaflet. You have about three minutes for this.
Candidate A: Look at the question in the box and say what you think about it. You can use the ideas in the box if you like or add some ideas of your own. You have two minutes for this.
Does the most important education occur within the classroom or elsewhere?
• pre-school learning/play
• friends and peers
• real life experience
Candidate B:Is there anything you would like to add?
Candidate B:Look at the question in the box and say what you think about it.You can use the ideas in the box if you like or add some ideas of your own. You have two minutes for this.
Has the function of schools changed since your parents' day?
• working parents
• child minding
• private study and guidance
Candidate A: Is there anything you would like to add?
Candidates A and B: Now answer these questions about education in general:
• Are standards in education falling or improving?
• Are teaching materials and resources outmoded?
• Should the government spend more on education and less on defence?
• Should school subjects be more geared towards real life and work?
• Should teachers be obliged to attend regular retraining courses?
111_1 _
It appears/seems to be ...
This must/could be ...
I'm fairly certain/sure ...
I imagine ...
Judging by...
I can't tell who/what/where .., How about this picture for the cover?
What do you think of this one?
This picture depicts/shows ...
This picture might be suitable because ...
This picture gets the message across because ...
I think this one is too obscure and confusing.
You've got a point there. We could also ...
Iwouldn't say that. I think it shows . That's not a bad idea, but why not . What about a combination of ...
Picture (A) could be superimposed on picture (D).
astronaut communications cost of research extraterrestrial life globe
launch pad maintenance orbit outer space planet
research rocket satellite
space exploration space shuttle spacesuit space station threat of meteors universe
CLOSSARY
mI--=-1 _
PAPER1 Reading
HPART 1
fertility (n)the ability to reproduce and have babies or young prominent (adj) very noticeable
ritual (n)a religious service which involves a series of actions performed in afixed order
aesthetic (adj) used to talk about beauty or art, and people's
appreciation of beautiful things . .. .
dye (v)to change the colour of something bysoaking ItIna special
liquid .
embellish (v)to add decorative features or patterns to something to make it look more attractive
inspiring (adj) exciting; making you feel interested and enthusiastic innovative (adj) new and original
interactive (adj) allowing direct communication between the user and the computer or television system
ramp (n) a sloping surface between two places that are atdifferent levels
mobility (n)the ability to move or travel easily from place to place, for example because you are not physically disabled or because you have
your own transport .
collaboration (n)the act ofworking together to produce a piece of work, especially a book or some research . shrine (n)aplace ofworship which is associated with a particular holy person or object
assistance (n) help and support
punctual (adj) arriving somewhere at the right time and not late detest (v)to dislike someone or something very much
rouse (v)towaken someone prior to (prep) before
conveyor belt (n)a continuously moving strip of rubber or metal which isused infactories or airports for moving objects along sothat they can bedealt with as quickly as possible
~~PART 2
device (n)an object that has been invented for a particular purpose, for example for recording or measuring something
bent on doing something (phr) determined to dosomething, particularly something harmful
render (v) to cause something to bein aparticular state
redundant (adj) no longer needed because its job isbeing done by something else or because itsjob isno longer necessary or useful haptics (n) the science ofadding tactile sensation to computerised machinery to enable the user to gain a physical impression of how the machinery is performing
enhance (v)to improve the value, quality or attractiveness of
something . .
terrain (n) anarea of land or atype of land when you are conSidering
itsphysical features ..
optimum (adj) the best level or state that something could achieve anticipate (v)to realise in advance that something may happen and be prepared for it
hazard (n) something which could be dangerous to you, your health
or safety, oryour plans or reputation .
transmit (v) to allow sound or signals to pass through an object or substance
take evasive action (phr) deliberately move away from someone or something in order to avoid meeting them or being hit by them chiropractic (n)the treatment of injuries by pressing and moving people's joints, especially the spine . chiropractor (n) aperson who treats injuries by chiropractic diagnose (v) to identify an illness or disease in someone
148 CPE Tests Glossary
adjustment (n) a small change that is made to something
joint (n)apart of your body such as your elbow or knee where two bones meet and are able to move together
manipulation (n)the act of skilfully moving and pressing bones or muscles with your hands in order to push the bones into their correct position or make the muscles less stiff
negate (v)tocause something to losethe effect orvalue that it had referral (n)the act of officially sending someone to a person or authority that is qualified to deal with them
registered (adj) recorded on an official list
rigorous (adj) very thorough and strict . . regulation (n)a rule made by agovernment or other authority In order to control the way something is done orthe way people behave enthuse (v)to talk about something in away that shows how excited you areabout it
supple (adj) able to move and bend very easily
visual (adj) relating tosight orto things that you can see
impairment (n) a condition which prevents someone's eyes, earsor brain from working properly
peer (n) a person who isthe same age as you or who has the same status as you
perspective (n)the art of making some objects or people in a picture look further away than others
dawn on someone (phr v)to realise something
devise (v)to havethe idea for a plan, system or machine, and design it tactile (adj) received or felt by touch
complement (v)to gowell with another thing and make its good qualities more noticeable
observation (n)the ability to pay alot of attention to things and to notice more about them than most people do
perception (n)the way you think about something or the impression
you have of it .
abstract (v)to create an object or formulate an ideafrom something that you observe or study
volume (n)the amount ofspace that an object contains or occupies dimension (n) a measurement such as length, width or height substance (n) asolid, powder, liquid or gas with particular properties dwarf (v)to make someone or something look or feel very small embryo (n) anunborn animal or human being in the very early stages
of development .
conception (n)the process inwhich the egg in a woman's body IS fertilised and she becomes pregnant
primitive (adj) belonging to avery early period in the development of ananimal or plant
rudimentary (adj) very basic or simple
gestation (n) the process by which babies grow inside their mother's body before they are born
foetus (n)an animal or human being inits later stages of development before it is born
potent (adj) very effective and powerful undeniable (adj) definitely true
reciprocal (adj) involving two people or groups who do the same thing to each other or agree to help each another in a similar way consumer (n) a person who buys things or uses services
sensory (adj) relating to the physical senses
artificial (adj) not occurring naturally and created by human beings, for example using science or technology
stimulation (n)the process of encouraging someone to develop monitor (v)to regularly check the development or progress of something or someone
suspend (v)to hang something from ahigh place
contraption (n) a device or machine that looks strange, or you do not know what it isused for
substitute (v)to take the place or perform the function ofanother thing
bond (n)a strong feeling of friendship, love or shared beliefs and experiences that unites one person with another
~~PART 3
palaeoanthropology (n)the scientific study of early human beings through fossils to learn about the history of human life on earth smear (v) to cover something with dirt or an oily or sticky substance crumple (v)to squash something so that it becomes full of untidy creases and folds
foxed (adj) discoloured with yellowish brown stains fade (v)to become gradually paler or less clear
cliffhanger (n) a situation or part of a play or film that isvery exciting or frightening because you are left for a long time not knowing what will happen next
pygmy (adj) belonging to a species of animal which isthe smallest of a group of related species
descendant (n) a person in a later generation who is related to a person in an earlier one
tantalising (adj) if something is tantalising, itmakes you feel hopeful and excited about getting what you want, usually before
disappointing you by not letting you have what itappeared to offer proselytiser (n) a person who tries to persuade others toshare their beliefs, especially religious or political beliefs
embrace (v) ifsomething embraces a group of people, things or ideas, it includes them inalarger group or category
adaptation (n) the act of changing something or changing your behaviour to make it suitable for a new purpose or situation distinctive (adj) if something is distinctive, it hasaspecial quality or feature which makes it easily recognisable and different from other things of the same type
bloom (n) a flower on a plant
ero-Magnon (n) an early type of human being found in Europe between 60,000 to 10,000 years ago
sole (adj) a sole thing or person ofa particular type is the only one of that type
tenant (n)a person who pays rent for the place they live in, or for
land or buildings that they use
Neanderthal (n)anearly type of human being who lived inEurope between 35,000 and70,000 years ago
cohabit (v)to live together primary (adj) main; most important
context (n) the general situation that relates to anidea or event, and Nhich helps it to be understood
excavate (v)to remove earth carefully from an area of land and look 'or things such as pots, bones or buildings which are buried there, in
rder to discover information about the past
umbling (adj) making you realise that you are not as important or good as you thought you were
summit (n)the highest point of something
erish (v)to die as aresult of very harsh conditions or as the result of 5 accident
aye your mark (phr) to have a lasting effect on another person or ing
"ddle (n) something that people have been trying to understand or
=xplain but have not been able to
ulse (n) a temporary increase in the presence or activity of : mething
5Cavenge (v) to collect things by searching among waste or unwanted
: jects
rcass (n)the body of a dead animal
tted (adj) containing just the main facts about someone or - mething
mpose (v) to write something such as music, a letter or an article orporate (v)to include one thing within another
- e together (phr v) to gradually discover the truth about something
disciple (n) a person who isinfluenced by someone's teachings and tries to follow their example
primate (n) a member ofthe group of mammals which includes humans, monkeys and apes
foliage (n)the leaves ofa plant
bud (n)a small pointed lump that appears on a tree or plant and develops into a leaf or flower
twig (n)avery small thin branch that grows out from a main branch of a tree or bush
~~PART4
contemplate (v)to think about whether to do something or not trepidation (n)fear or anxiety about something that you are going to do or experience
oscillate (v) to keep changing from one mood, attitude or type of behaviour to another and back
dread (n) a feeling ofgreat anxiety and fear about something that may happen
precipice (n)avery steep cliff on a mountain
erstwhile (adj) used to describe someone that used to be the type of person indicated, but nolonger is
reluctance (n) unwillingness to do something and hesitation before doing it
sage (adj) wise and knowledgeable
dump (n)a place that is ugly and unpleasant to live in or visit warden (n) aprison officer
quip (n) aremark that is intended to be amusing or clever
motley (adj) used to describe a group of things or people that seem strange together because they are allvery different
miscreant (n)a person who has done something illegal or behaved badly
mould (v)to change orinfluence someone over a period of time so that they develop in a particular way
close-knit (adj) closely linked, doing things together and taking an interest in each other
weather-beaten (adj) used to describe skin with deep lines because
weather-beaten (adj) used to describe skin with deep lines because