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Proceedings of the

Second Conference

o n

Empirical Methods in

Natural Language Processing

=Z

Sponsored by

The Association for Computational Linguistics

and

SIGDAT, a Special Interest Group of the ACL

Held in cooperation with AAAI-97

Edited by

Claire Cardie

and

Ralph Weischedel

August

1-2, 1997

Brown University

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Proceedings of the

Second Conference

o n

Empirical Methods in

Natural Language Processing

Sponsored by

The Association for Computational Linguistics

and

SIGDAT, a Special Interest Group of the ACL

Held in cooperation with AAAI-97

Edited by

Claire Cardie

and

Ralph Weischedel

August

1-2, 1997

Brown University

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Order additional copies from:

ACL

P.O. Box 6090

Somerset, N J 08875

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SPONSORS:

The Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)

SIGDAT (ACL's SIG for Linguistic Data and Corpus-based Approaches to NLP)

INVITED

SPEAKERS:

Tom Mitchell

Michael Mauldin

ORGANIZERS:

Claire Cardie, Chair

Ralph Weischedel, Co-chair

LOCAL ARRANGEMENTS CHAIR:

Eugene Charniak

PROGRAM COMMITTEE:

Ted Briscoe

Rebecca Bruce

Michael Collins

Bruce Croft

Carl de Marcken

Joshua Goodman

Eduard Hovy

Nancy Ide

K.L. Kwok

John Lafferty

Steve Maiorano

Kemal Oflazer

Philip Resnik

Dekai Wu

David Yarowsky

(Cambridge University)

(Southern Methodist University)

(University of Pennsylvania)

(University of Massachusetts, Ambers0

(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

(Harvard University)

(USC Information Sciences Institute)

(Vassar College)

(Queens College, CUNY)

(Carnegie Mellon University)

(ORD)

(Bilkent University)

(University of Maryland)

(Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)

(Johns Hopkins University)

FURTHER INFORMATION:

Claire Cardie

Department of Computer Science

Comell University

4142 Upson Hall

Ithaca, NY 14850 USA

e-mail: cardie@cs.cornell.edu

Ralph Weischedel

BBN Systems and Technologies

70 Fawcett Slreet

Cambridge, MA 02138

USA

e-mail: weischedel@bbn.com

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8:00 - 9:00

9:00 - 9:15

9:15 - 9:40

9:40- 10:05

10:05- 10:30

10:30- 11:00

11:00- 11:25

11:25 - 11:50

11:50- 12:15

12:15- 1:45

1:45

- 2:45

2:45- 3:00

3:00 - 3:25

3:25 - 3:50

3:50-4:15

4:15 - 4:40

4:40- 5:05

5:05 - 5:30

CONFERENCE PROGRAM

Friday, August 1

Registration

and Continental Breakfast

Welcome

Adwait Ratnaparkhi

A Linear Observed Time Statistical Parser Based on Maximum Entropy Models

Joshua Goodman

Global Thresholding and Multiple-Pass Parsing

Carolyn Penstein Ros6 and Alon Lavie

An Efficient Distribution of Labor in a Two Stage Robust Interpretation Process

Break (held jointly with the Uncertainty in AI Conference)

Doug Beeferman, Adam Berger, and John Lafferty

Text Segmentation Using Exponential Models

Korin Richmond, Andrew Smith, and Einat Amitay

Detecting Subject Boundaries Within Text: A Language Independent Statistical

Approach

Ido Dagan, Yael Karov, and Dan Roth

Mistake-Driven Learning in Text Categorization

CATERED LUNCH

INVITED TALK, Tom Mitchell

Machine Learning and Extracting Information from the Web

Break

Thorsten Brants, Wojciech Skut, and Brigitte Krenn

Tagging Grammatical Functions

Jo Calder

On Aligning Trees

Break

Lawrence Saul and Femando

Pereira

Aggregate and Mixed-order Markov Models for Statistical Language Processing

Erika E de Lima

Assigning Grammatical Relations with a Back-off Model

I. Dan Melamed

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8:00 - 8:30

8:30 - 8:55

8:55 - 9:20

9:20 - 9:45

9:45 - 10:15

10:15- 10:40

10:40 - 11:05

11:05- 11:25

11:25- 11:50

11:50- 12:15

12:15- 12:30

12:30- 1:45

1:45

- 2:45

2:45 - 3:00

3:00 - 3:25

3:25 - 3:50

3:50 - 4:15

4:15 - 4:40

4:40 - 5:05

5:05 - 5:30

CONFERENCE PROGRAM

Saturday, August 2

Registration and Continental Breakfast

Scott W. Bennett, Chinatsu Aone, and Craig LoveU

Learning to Tag Multilingual Texts Through Observation

EUcn Riloff and Jessica Shepherd

A Corpus-Based Approach for Building Semantic Lexicons

Roberto

Basili, Gianluca De Rossi, and Maria Teresa Pazienza

Inducing Terminology for Lexical Acquisition

Break

Paul Thompson

and Christopher C. Dozier

Name Searching and Information Retrieval

K.L. Kwok

Lexicon Effects on Chinese h~formation Retrieval

Break

Paola

Merlo, Matthew W. Crocker, and Cathy Berthouzoz

Attaching Multiple Prepositional Phrases: Generalized Backed-off Estimation

Eric V. Siegel

Learning Methods for Combining Linguistic Indicators to Classify Verbs

SIGDAT Business Meeting

CATERED LUNCH

INVITED TALK, Michael Mauldin

The Lycos System: Practical Information Retrieval

Break

Andrew Kehler

Probabilistic Coreference in Information Extraction

Janyce Wiebe, Tom O'Hara, Kenneth McKeever, and Thorsten OhrstrOm-Sandgren

An Empirical Approach to Temporal Reference Resolution

Break

Ji Donghong and Huang Changning

Word Sense Disambiguation Based on Structured Semantic Space

Ted Pedersen and Rebecca Bruce

Distinguishing Word Senses in Untagged Text

Hwee Tou Ng

Exemplar-Based Word Sense Disambiguation: Some Recent hnprovements

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

A Linear Observed Time Statistical Parser Based on Maximum Entropy Models

A d w a i t Ramaparldai . . .

1

Global Thresholding and Multiple-Pass Parsing

J o s h u a G o o d m a n . . .

11

An Efficient Distribution of Labor in a Two Stage Robust Interpretation Process

C a r o l y n Penstein Ros~ and A l o n L a v i e . . .

26

Text Segmentation Using Exponential Models

D o u g B e e f e r m a n , A d a m Berger, and J o h n Lafferty . . .

35

Detecting Subject Boundaries Within Text: A Language Independent Statistical Approach

K o r i n R i c h m o n d , A n d r e w Smith, and Einat A m i t a y . . .

47

Mistake-Driven Learning in Text Categorization

I d o Dagan, Yael Karov, and D a n Roth . . .

55

Tagging Grammatical Functions

T h o r s t e n Brants, Wojciech Skut, and Brigitte K r e n n . . .

64

On Aligning Trees

Jo Calder . . .

75

Aggregate and Mixed-order Markov Models for Statistical Language Processing

L a w r e n c e Saul and F e m a n d o Pereira . . .

81

Assigning Grammatical Relations with a Back-off Model

E r i k a E de L i m a . . .

90

Automatic Discovery of Non-Compositional Compounds in Parallel Data

I. D a n M e l a m e d . . .

97

Learning to Tag Multilingual Texts Through Observation

Scott W. Bennett, Chinatsu Aone, and Craig L o v e l l . . .

109

A Corpus-BasedApproachfor Building Semantic Lexicons

Ellen R i l o f f and Jessica Shepherd . . .

117

Inducing Terminology for Lexical Acquisition

R o b e r t o Basili, G i a n l u c a .De Rossi, and M a r i a Teresa P a z i e n z a . . .

125

Name Searching and Information Retrieval

Paul T h o m p s o n and Christopher C. D o z i e r . . .

134

Lexicon Effects on Chinese Information Retrieval

K.L. K w o k . . .

141

Attaching Multiple Prepositional Phrases: Generalized Backed-off Estimation

P a o l a Merlo, M a t t h e w W. Crocker, and Cathy Berthouzoz . . .

149

Learning Methods for Combining Linguistic Indicators to Classify Verbs

Eric V. Siegel . . .

156

Probabilistic Coreference in Information Extraction

A n d r e w K e h l e r . . .

163

An Empirical Approach to Temporal Reference Resolution

J a n y c e Wiebe, T o m O ' H a r a , K e n n e t h M c K e e v e r , and Thorsten 0 h r s l x 0 m - S a n d g r e n . . . 174

Word Sense Disambiguation Based on Structured Semantic Space

Ji D o n g h o n g and H u a n g Changning . . .

187

Distinguishing Word Senses in Untagged Text

Ted Pedersen and R e b e c c a Bruce . . .

197

Exemplar-Based Word Sense Disambiguation: Some Recent hnprovements

H w e e Tou N g . . .

208

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AUTHOR INDEX

E i n a t A m i t a y . . . 4 7

C h i n a t s u A o n e . . . 109

R o b e r t o B a s i l i . . . 125

D o u g B c c f e r m a n . . . 35

S c o t t W. B e n n e t t . . . 109

A d a m B e r g c r . . . 35

C a t h y B c r t h o u z o z . . . 149

T h o r s t c n B r a n t s . . . . . . . 6 4 R e b e c c a B r a c e . . . 197

J o C a l d e r . . . 75

H u a n g C h a n g n i n g . . .

187

M a t t h e w W. C r o c k e r . . . 149

I d o D a g a n . . . 5 5 E r i k a F. d e L i m a . . . 9 0 G i a n l u c a D e R o s s i . . . 125

Ji D o n g h o n g . . .

187

C h r i s t o p h e r C. D o z i e r . . . 1 3 4 J o s h u a G o o d m a n . . .

11

Yael K a r o v . . . 55

A n d r e w K e h l e r . . . 163

B r i g i t t e K r e n n . . . 6 4 K . L . K w o k . . . 141

J o h n L a f f e r t y . . . 35

A l o n L a v i e . . . 2 6 C r a i g L o v e l l . . . 109

K e n n e t h M c K e e v e r . . . 1 7 4 I. D a n M e l a m e d . . . 97

P a o l a M e r l o . . . 149

H w e e T o u N g . . . 2 0 8 T o m O ' H a r a . . . 1 7 4 T h o r s t e n 0 h r s t r 0 m - S a n d g r e n . . . 1 7 4 M a r i a T e r e s a P a z i e n z a . . . 125

T e d P e d e r s e n . . . ~ . . . 197

F e m a n d o P e r e i r a . . .

81

A d w a i t R a t n a p a r k h i . . .

1

K o n n R i c h m o n d . . . 47

E l l e n R i l o f f . . . ; . . .

117

C a r o l y n P e n s t e i n R o s ~ . . . 2 6 D a n R o t h . . . 55

L a w r e n c e S a u l . . . 81

J e s s i c a S h e p h e r d . . . 117 E r i c V. S i e g e l . . . 1 5 6 W o j c i e c h S k u t . . . . . . 6 4 A n d r e w S m i t h . . . 4 7 P a u l T h o m p s o n . . . 1 3 4 J a n y c e W i e b e . . . 1 7 4

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