• No results found

LDPC and Turbo Coding Assisted Space Time Block Coded OFDM for H 26L

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2020

Share "LDPC and Turbo Coding Assisted Space Time Block Coded OFDM for H 26L"

Copied!
5
0
0

Loading.... (view fulltext now)

Full text

(1)

HJILKM. N45+O&=''&=QP #O&(8&='ARS#<&=T&U8#&(+<VN XW

Y[Z]\^ZG_`ba(c=d(egfJZ]\^Z.hBikjmlOn2eUoZqpra=s3lOc(tvuZgwxlOc=yzs

{|~}'~€2‚gƒG„†…ˆ‡Š‰‹"ŒŽ2|~‘’ŒŽ”“B•‚.…!2–'˜—O™•š}'‘›‹b‡…'œž ŸB¢¡†£'‡‰¥¤ž€

¦(|~§©¨qª<«2«•¬­2®¯¬#°›±z²•³®'¯­2²!‡O´™¶µˆ¨Gª«›«•¬­•®¶¬#°›±›²2³«·²2±2°

ƒ.š¸™2ŒŽ§¹¨U§º—»|~¼½~€¾‘2‘›‹b€¿™2¼2€¾–"À‡—z‘˜}1¨ÂÁ›Á¯Ã†Ã†ÃX¬”šT›Ä"Œº§Ž|2€¾|~¼½~€¾‘2‘›‹b€¿™2¼2€¾–"À

ÅOÆmÇÉÈÂÊÌË#Í©ÈÂÎÐÏmÑÓÒLÔ Õ¿ÖהؽÑFҹٔտگ۽ÒLվؽÑ<܈ÝÞ Ù¹ØßޯؽÖmÝáàßÑâ›ã(äåæàFÖèç

Ö©Õ¿Öèҹݒéê¢Þ¢àFהÝçºë1Õ¿ìq݊íbîïØ¢×Lð[刨¢é¢Ý’éñ/ò%ã(ó9Ò¹Ù¹àßÑ¢ÖkהݘÕïôßݒÙ'é¢Ý’Ö©Õ¾õ½Ñ~ݑé

öØßÙzÜ=տٹݑî¾Ý’Ök֛ô Õ¿é¢ÝØ1ҩݘîïݑޯÔ~ؽÑF÷/àßÑ¢é[הÔ~àFÙ¹àF×LҩݑÙLÕ¿ÖmÝÕïҹ֛ޯݑ٠öØßٔìGàßÑ¢×#Ý

Ü=Ô~ݑÑTהؽìXìG۠Ѡտהà˜ÒLÕøÑ~õؘôFݒÙNҔÔ~ÝùUëŠú=ûAÜ=Õ¾é¢Ý‘Ú¢àßÑ¢éžôFݘԠվ×Û î¾àFÙ

ö

àFé¯ÕøÑ~õהÔ~àßÑ Ñ~ݑî¿Ö”üýâ•Ø˜Ü9ã(ݑѢֹÕþÒm÷Tä!àFٔÕþÒm÷åbÔ~ݒ×LðrÿŽâ›ã(äåqàßÑ¢é

ÒLÛ¢ÙLÚ¶ØXהÔ~àßÑ Ñ~ݘî·×”Ø¢é¯Õ¿Ñ~õá֩הÔ~ݑìqݒÖbàFÙ¹ÝGÕøÑFôFؽð ݒé2ü/íŠ÷,הؽѢהà˜Ò¹Ý‘Ñ~à˜Òkç

ÕøÑ~õNàNÖkÞ¢àFהÝçÌҔտìqÝ.Ú¯îïØ¢×Lðáהآé¢Ý’é<ñ/ò·ãUó ÖkהÔ~ݑìqÝ.Ü=ÕïÒLÔá޶ؘ܊ݒÙöÛ î

הÔ~àßÑ Ñ~ݑî"הآé¢Ý’Ö%ҔÔ~ÝX޶ݒÙöØßٔìqàßѢהÝNØ ö ҔÔ~ÝXÖk÷~Ömҩݘì הàßÑ Ú¶ÝáÖ©Û¢Ú~ç

ÖèÒ¹àßÑ Ò”Õïàßîøî¾÷žÝ‘Ñ Ô~àßѢהݑé2ü ëˆÔ~Ýâ2ãUäå9×#Ø~é¢Ý‘×<ؽ۽ҹ޶ݒÙ

ö

ØßٔìqݒéTÒLÔ~Ý

ÒLÛ¢ÙLÚ¶ØUהآé¢Ý’×bÕ¿ÑgҩݒٔìNÖ·Ø ö Ú¯Ø Ò”ÔgÒLÔ~Ý1àFהԠÕïݒô’àFÚ¯î¾Ý1ô¢Õ¿é¢ÝØUàßÑ¢égÒ¹Ù¹àßÑ¢Öèç

ìXÕ¾Ö©Ö©Õ¾Ø½Ñ öÙ¹àßìqÝUݑٹٹØßÙ/Ù¹à˜Ò¹Ý[޶ݒ٠öØßٔìqàßѢהÝFü

"!$#%!'&"&)(*,+-!/.10"!$#%!$2434.5*6871#%.9:0";7<=&">? & &@ .5BA 75>?!C!$@D

.58;790 !FEHGJILKNM8 &B"!'OQP4% !$+RA.SB>T7< Q0 7< 4 4UF7V34 U53W(*,+-!/.

OQP=7<# %0X65Y[Z\.9)!/(S!/']S.9 4U10".?0 34!^&"_$7<;_%0X6T.<AJ 7S+-%.?&"2!'_`0" P4>a]

7cb=75=+-,+*0"3-Dd!e8_/%!$S0%>?24# !/>?!/Q0;790" .5W,&T !$OQP4 "!'+f&@.c0 3=790

7g#%.9hGiIjKk_$7<lb!V75_;3=%!$(5!$+m+-!$&"24%0"!c>T7< Q0 7< 4 4Uf7n34 U53

0";7<&@>?,&"&"%.Scb4o01 7<0"!5]i34,_;3c4!$_/!$& &@%0 7<0"!$&^0"34!!/>?24# .96Q>?!$S0

.<Ap>1P4#o0 # !/(S!/#>?.-+-P4#,790 %.Sq&"_;3=!/>?!$&$YNrC@0 34.5US.5=75#G4 !$OQP4!/_6

sC%(*,&@ .5ctuP4#%0" 24# !v-%=UcEdrwGJsCtxMw,&^7<y790"0";75_`0 %(S!z0 !$_;34= OQP4!

0"3790u_/7<{b!|%*(5.S}5!'+gA.5~34%US3-Ddb4o0"D;790 !x+47<0 7c0 75=&@>?,&"&" .5]

!$&"2€!$_,7<# # 6 q7?34 U534# 6~+4 &"2!$ &" (5!^>zP=#o0 %2=7<0"3-DAH75+4%4UB!/*(*% .5-D

>?!/Q00"3790\ -=,_`0 &\%Q0"!$@D&"6Q>1b.S#%Q0"!$@A!$"!$=_!TEH@‚*@M„ƒo…S]X†‡dY

ˆ _.S=&@,+-!$ 75b4#%!F75>?.5P4Q0q.<AT !$&"!$75 _;3m3=75&xb!$!/‰ Q(S!$&@0"!'+

S0 .n0 34!V+-!$&" U5m75=+: >?24# !/>?!/Q0 7<0" .5l.<A1&"2=7S_!D0" >?!|b=#%.-_;}

_.-+-!'+ŠE‹‚4ŒŽM80"!'_;344,OQP4!$&B%{0"34!y_.5Q0 !v*0.5ArwGiswt&"6-&XD

0"!$>T&Nƒ4]’‘<‡dYp‚*2!'_%“_/75#%# 65]-‚-Œ\Žn%*(S.5}5!'&p7<Q0"!$4=7^75";76”7<,+-!$+

&"2=790 75#+- (5!$ &"o0X6~7<=+u7S_;34 !/(5!'&&@ U5=o“_$7<Q0C+- (5!$ &"%0X6BUS75%&%

"!$#%!'&"&_;3=7<=4!/#,&/YFG=.50"3=!a& 7<}S!B.5A\AP4"0"34!$ >?24 .9(Q 4Ux0"34!

790"0 75%=75b4# [email protected]">T7<_!5]JG4.S"7<;+*DI[ ".S„Žj.S" !$_0" .5fEHGJI)ŽM

& _;34!/>?!$&&"P=_;3u75&NŒP4 b€.8Žj.-+-!'&”EHŒNŽM”ƒ<‡7<=+~K!$!$+*DX‚*.5# .5>?.S

_.-+-!'&\ƒ9‡=>T76”b€!\ Q(S.5}S!$+^A.S[24 .<0 !$_`0 %=UC0 34!wrwGJswt•&"P4b_/75@D

%!$ &\75US75%=&@0\A !$OQP4!$=_6QD&@!$#%!'_`0" (5!wAH7S+-%=U8%|7<|rwGJsCt–!/*(*oD

.54>?!/Q0'Y

!$_/!/Q065!$75 &$]S0"34!„AH75> # 68.<AJ—.9{sC!/=&"%0X6˜p7< %0X68Žj3=!$_;}

EH—sC˜ŽMT_.-+-!'&qƒ™‡N3=7S&T !Dd!/>?!/ U5!'+R7S&87<W790"0";75_0" (5!u7<#%0"!$@D

=7<0" (5!a0".c0 P4 b.F_/.*+4%4U:ƒ9‡dYm—sC˜Žš_/.-+-!$&T)!/ !a.5 %US%7<# #%6

24 .52€.S&"!$+Wb*6{›„75#%#,7<US!/|ƒ™‡„ œ…'5žS†4YŸrC 4UR0".F0 34!V_.-+-!'&/ 

_/752=7<b=%# o0X6W.5A17<2=24".Q75_;34 4UR‚-3=7<4=.5 &[email protected]">T7<_!x# >%0 &$]

—sw˜)ŽW_.-+-!$&)3=7(S!Nb€!/!$~752424# %!'+8 ~_/.59¡XP4_`0" .5o0 3~˜)‚-¢

A.50 75=&">,& &@ .5~.9(5!$)b€.<0 3 ˆ£

›„¤Š7<+8A !$OQP4!$=_6~&@!$#%!'_`0" (5!

AH75+4%4U?_;3=7544!/#,&j%~_.5<¡XP4=_`0 %.SB%0"3urwGiswt¥&@6-&@0"!/>T&wƒž<‡YJd0

3=7S&87<#,&@.cb€!/!$:&@34.9g ¦ƒ‘<‡N0"3=7<0—sw˜)ŽLDdb=75&"!$+g&"2=75_/!D0" >!

_.-+-!'+|rwGJsCt§&@6-&@0"!$>?&C7< !z_/752=7<b=#%!1.<A[!e8_/%!$S0 #%6a!/v*2=#%.So0 %4U

0"3=!”75_;34 !/(97<b=#%!^&"2=790 75#+-%(S!/;&@%0X6T ~ !/# !$& &_;3=7<4=!/#,&/Y

F0"3= &?_.SQ0" %b4P40" .5]J)!&@0"P=+- !$+F0"34!aZ”Y¨†<žS—:(*,+-!/.y&X0;7<-D

+475 +”_/.5>1b4%=!$+”%0"3?—sw˜)Žy7S&"&",&X0 !$+z&"2=7S_!D0" >?!Lb4# .-_;}^_.-+-!$+

rwGJsCt©P&@ 4U

ˆ

#,7<>?.SP-0" &yªa«f&@2=7S_!/D‹0 %>?!Vb4# .-_;}m_.-+-!:ƒ¨¬'‡dY

£ !B Q(S!$&@0" US7<0"!$+y0 [email protected]">T7<_!834!$V0";7<&@>?%0@0" 4U|.9(5!/

A !$OQP4!/_6q&"!/# !$_`0 %(S!”AH7S+-%=U~_;3=7544!$# &$]%|2=7<"0",_P=# 75C.9(S!/C0"34!

­NŒK ˆ _;3=7544!$#jƒ®9‡dYNŒ34,&C_/.5Q0" %b=P-0" .5u,&C&@0" P=_0"P4 !$+u7S&A.5#%D

# .9\&/YNŒ3=!1+-!'&"_/" 2-0" .5u.5Ap0"34!1(* +-!$.<D&@6-&@0"!$>¯,&NUS%(S!/u |‚*!'_`D

0" .5g@`YWŒ34,&?,&A.5# #%.9)!$+nbQ6F0"34!u.9(S!/ (Q !/°.5AN0 34!q_;3=7<=4!/#

>?.-+-!/#\75=+n&"6-&X0 !/>–2=75 75>?!0"!$ &1 g‚*!'_`0" .5g@"`YWrCP=?&" >zP-D

#,790" .5c !$&"P4#%0 &”75=+V+-,&"_/P=&"&" .5=&^75"!T24 .9(* +4!$+|%n‚*!'_`0 %.SV±zY

Gi%7<# #%6S]4j!^_/.5=_/#%P=+4!w.SP4\+-,&"_/.5P4;&"!C q‚*!$_0" .5a±zY

z²?’³R´^µ¶/·C¶$¶$

¸9¹@º »¼'½¹X¾ ¿„¼'À»Á’½º »¹pÃ/Ä'¾H»¹XÅ

¿„Æ/ǹ È/ÉiÊi¿ Ë;ÌÃ'Í Î@ÏÉiÊi¿ Ï;È/ÉiÊJ¿

Ð-½dº;Ñ'¾ÅÁ¨¾¾‹Á¨Æ`ÑNÃ/Ä$Å)Ò<Æ`À¨¾ Ó;ÈÔ

ÕÁ»‹¾Ö`Ã/Ä$Å)Ò<Æ`À Ó × È Ï

Ð-½dº;Ñ'¾ÅÁ¨¾¾‹Á¨Æ`ÑÒÁ»‹¾ ÈË`Ô Ø;Ó`Ô Ù`Ï`Ô ÎXÈ`ÈÔ

Ì=º;ÚdÛ`¹»Jܺ »‹¹ Î@Ô`ÔÖ ¾

Ð-½dº;Ñ'¾ÅÁ¨¾¾‹Á¨Æ`Ñ

ÒÁ»‹½dº »‹¹Ý Û/ÒÁ»dÖ ¾Þ ÈË Ø;Ó Ù`Ï ÎXÈ`È

ßJº »ºÃ/Ä$Å)Ò<Æ`À¨¾ Ó`×;È

Í)à¼'ÑÚXÆ$ǹXDŽÁ¨Ñ$á Æ`½‹Å\º »Á¨Æ`Ñ Ó;ÈÔ ÈË`Ô Ø;Ó`Ô Î@Ó`Ô`Ô

âLà'ã-ßiÌäÚXÆ$ǹXDŽÒ'Á»¾ ÈË`Ô Ø;Ó`Ô Ù`Ï`Ô ÎXÈ`ÈÔ

ÐäiÝ,Ó'à¨Î`àÈ/Þ

Á¨Ñ»¹X½À¨¹@ºXå¹@½À¨¹XÑæ;»‹ç Ó;ÈÔ ÈË`Ô Ø;Ó`Ô Î@Ó`Ô`Ô

äÆ$Ç'Á¨ÑæÜº »¹ Î"Ö;Ó ÓÖ;× ×Ö È èÖ;Ï

é’Ñ'á%Æ`½Å\º »‹Á¨Æ`ÑwÕÁ»‹¾Ö`ÃÄ'ÅjÒ5Æ`À Î Ó × è

êÑ'ë½Æ;»‹¹XÚX»‹¹XÇ

ÒÁ»‹½dº »‹¹Ý Û/ÒÁ»dÖ ¾Þ Ó;ÈìÔ ÈË'ìÔ Ø;Ó'ìÔ Î@Ó`Ô'ìÔ

íJÁ¨Ç'¹@Æ)ë9º;ÚdÛ`¹»päÜä|Ý%ÒÁ»‹¾Þ Î@Ï

¸9¹X¹XÇÒ9º;ÚdÛCë½Æ;»‹¹XÚX»‹Á¨Æ`Ñ

Ý%ÒÁ»¾dÞ Ù

íJÁ¨Ç'¹@Æ)ë9º;ÚdÛ`¹»

ç¹@º;ǹX½[Ý ÒÁ»‹¾Þ Î`Î Î@Ó Î@Ó Î@×

íJÁ¨Ç'¹@Æ)ÒÁ»¾dÖ ë9º;ÚdÛ`¹» Ó`Ô;È È`È× Ï`Ë`× Î`Î@Ï`Ó

îï5¹XÚ»Áå¹

íJÁ¨Ç'¹@Æ;Â,½dº »‹¹Ý Û/ÒÁ»dÖ ¾Þ Ó`Ô'ìÈ È`Èì× Ï`Ë'ì× Î`Î@Ï'ìÓ

íJÁ¨Ç'¹@Æjá ½º;Ź@½º »¹LÝ,ðñ"Þ ×`Ô

Ð-ÊJÕã*îBé

òió/ô$õ9ö/÷øúù<û<ö5ü ýþù5ÿ<ôdó$ô'øø„÷õ9ö<û'ô$ø 5ô/õ^ó ö<õ9ö5þô$÷'ô$õ

±N,+-!/.&@!'OSP=!/=_/!$&[37(Q 4UT…9¬9ž9v…$‘5‘<Dd24%v-!/#CP=7<"0"!$Žj.S>>?.S

Q0"!$">?!$+4 7<0"![G4.S">T7<0LE^ŽjXGpM€"!'&@.S#%P40" .5^&"_$7<4=!$+„790LA;7<>D

!$&9&j7<=+T0";7<=&">?o0"0"!$+BP=&"%4U&@275_!/D‹0 %>?!Cb4#%.-_;}?_.-+-!'+~rwGJsCt

7< !L!$>?24#%.96S!$+z%1.5P4p&@0"P=+-6SYiŒ3=!\rwGJswtš>?.-+-!/>œ_/7<1b!_/.5-D

“=USP4"!'+7S&7T†-]44]=‘.S\žb4o09&"6*>zb€.5#& _;34!/>?!5YpŒ34!^2=".S2.Q&@!'+

(* +4!/.0";7<&"_/!/ (5!/,&b=7S&@!'+w.5w0"34!jZ”Y¨†<ž5—(*,+-!/.\_/.*+4!$_ƒ9‡dYŒ34!

75& &".*_/ 7<0"!'+g_/.-+-!$_x2=7<;7<>?!0 !/;&87< !x&"P4>?>T7< &"!$+f {Œi7<b4# !q`Y

Œ34!BZzY†5ž5—W(*,+-!/.q_/.-+-!$_T!$>?24#%.96-&z(75",7<b=#%!/D# !/4U50"3c_.S>2="!'&XD

(2)

Sink

Source

Block Encoder

Space−time

Block Decoder

Space−time

IFFT

IFFT

Channel

FFT

+

Decoder

Encoder

LDPC

LDPC

¸4Á¨æìÎ`ì Ã/Ä$¾‹»‹¹@ÅmÆ"å¹X½‹å$Á¨¹nÆ;áÆ`Ñ'¹XÂ,½¹XÚX¹@Áå¹X½Lã-ßiÌäcº;¾¾Á¨¾H»¹XÇC¾ëº;Ú@¹Â

»Á¨Å¹JÒ'À¨Æ$ÚdÛ\ÚXÆ/ǹXÇi¸=ßJ¿ì

b4%0~&@0" !$75>?&$]o0;&8!$=_.-+-!'+fb4o0;&B75"!u2€.<0 !/Q0",7<# #%6f&"!/=&"o0 %(S!a0".

0";7<&@>?,&"&"%.SB!$" .5;&/Y

V0"34!B“=;&X0.54!8.5A\.5P4124 .<0".50X6*2!B&"6-&X0 !/>T&”3= _;3F)!8 !D

A!/”0".u75& !#"%$'&)(€]0"3= &^!$" .5„&"!/=&"o0 %(*%0X6x3=7S&„b!$!/V_.SP4-D

0"!$ 7S_`0 !$+qb*6a Q(S.5}* 4U7B2=75_;}S!0"+*$7<0" .5q75=+q2=7S_;}5!/0w+- .5242=%4U

0"!'_;344,OQP4!ƒ%…<‡]34!$"!1j!1"!/A 75%4!'+~A".S> +-!$_/.*+4%4UB0"34!?_.S@D

P42-0"!'+8(*,+-!/.12=75_;}S!0 &L%B.5;+-!/L0".z2="!$(5!/Q0)!/ ".S[24 .52=75US790 %.S

0"3=".SP4U53y0"3=!8"!'_.S=&X0 "P_`0"!'+y(Q,+-!$.aA 75>!Tb=P-,€!$$YaZ\!$=_!80"34!

_.S" P42-0 !$+y(* +4!/.q2=7S_;}5!/0 &^)!/ !8+- .5242€!$+c7901b.50"3V0 34!T0";7<&XD

>?o0"0"!$q7<=+{"!'_!/ (5!$75=+W0 34!c(Q,+-!$.g_/.*+4!$_< &"!'_.5&X0 "P=_0"!'+

A;7<>?!Vb4P-,!/q75&~4.50qP42+4790 !$+]^P4Q0 %#z0"34!V4!/v*0q!/ ".S@DA"!$!

(* +4!/.?2=75_;}S!0 !/24# !/4,&"34!$+o0;&\_.SQ0"!/Q0;&/Y

£

34!/:7y2=7S_;}5!0T,&?0";7<&@>?%0@0"!'+])0"34!u275_;}5!/0"+*$7<0" .5f7<# U5.<D

o0 34>– !$_!$%(S!$&zA!/!'+-b=75_;}cA .5>–0"34!a !$_!$%(S!/_.5_!/ 4 4U|0"34!

&"P=_/_/!$& &„.5wAH7< #%P="!T.5AL0"3=!T2=75_;}S!0^_.5_!/ 4!'+x%0"3y0"3=!87<,+x.5A

7y34 U534# 6F24 .<0 !$_`0 !$+nA!/!'+-b=75_;}R_;3=7<4=!/#]j34,_;3g &? Q0"!/US 7<0"!'+

S0 .V0"3=!x !/(5!$ &"!u# %4}YŠŒ34!|P=&"!q.<A„0"3=!$&"!x2=7S_;}5!0B7S_;}*4.9#oD

!$+4U5!/>?!$S0T€7<US&T75#%# .9\&10"34!u(*,+-!/.V!$=_.-+-!$87<=+R0 34!u"!$>?.<0"!

+-!'_.-+-!/B0".R}5!/!$2{&"6Q_;34".S4,&@!'+].52€!/;790" 4UF.SW0"3=!xb=7S&@,&8.5A

,+-!/Q0",_/75# !$_/.5=&@0" P=_`0 %.S~A 75>!zb4P-,!/C_/.5Q0"!$Q0 &\%0"3=.5P-0C0"34!

4!$!$+1.<A2=75_;}S!0J"!/0";7<=&">? & &@ .5&/]34,_;375"!)75&@0"!AP=#-%0"!$">T&

.<AJb=75=+-,+*0"3a!e8_/%!$=_6B75=+0";7<=&">? & &"%.S+-!$# 76xƒ%…<‡Y

j6~_.SS0 7S&X0']-%u.SP4\&"!$_.S=+~24 .<0".50X6*2!^&"6*&@0"!$> !A!$" !$+B0".

75&./ !"$'&10]4)!^.5>?%0\0"3=!z7<b€.9(5!/D>?!/Q0 %.S4!$+2=75_;}S!00";7<&XD

>? & &"%.SRA!$!$+-b75_;}FA .5> 0"34!q&"6-&X0 !/>aYmŒ.V!/#,7<b€.5;790 !u7|# %0@0"# !

AP4"0"34!$$]€34!$qP=&"%4U80"34!12=75_;}S!00";7<&@>?,&"&"%.S~A!/!$+4b=75_;}]0"34!

!$_!$%(S!/i%*(S.5}5!'&.S4!L.5A40"34!)0 34"!$!LA.S#%# .9 4U\0X6*2€!$&i.<A4A!$!$+-b75_;}

>?!$& &"75U5!'&#2xE@…'M˜p75_;}S!0z !$_/!/ (5!'+Vo0 34.5P40?!$" .5'Y:E‹†SMz˜p7S_;}5!/0

!$_!$%(S!$+o0 3u!/ ".S$]- !0 75=&">,& &@ .5"!'OSP=!$&@0$YCE‹SM˜p7S_;}5!/0) !D

_!$%(S!$+Bo0 3!$" .5']S275_;}5!/0)+- .52=24%=U1 !$OQP4!'&X0'YiB0"34!„ !$_/!/ (5!/

.<AL‚*6-&@0"!$> †4]=34,_;3aP=&@!'&\4.?0 75=&">,& &@ .5~A!/!'+-b=7S_;}€]40"34!”!$-D

0" !\(* +-!$.^2=75_;}S!0[,&[+- .5242€!$+]S34!$?o0))7S&p_.5 P42-0"!'+?7<=+?4.

!0";7<&@>?,&"&"%.Sc &1"!'OQP4% !$+c V0 34 &_/7S&@!SYqn_$75&"!T.<A\2=7S_;}5!0

_.S" P42-0 %.S]b€.<0"3F‚*6-&@0"!$>–…T7<=+c†~_.5_!$75# &N0"3=!T2=75_;}S!0„#%.Q&"&

b*6a"!$24# 7S_ 4U?0"3=!7,€!'_`0"!'+q7< !$7?.5Ap0"34!124,_`0"P="!1o0 3u0"34!?_.S@D

!$&"2.S=+- 4U75"!'7?A".S>•0"34!24 !/(*%.SP=&\(*,+-!/.BA 75>?!5Y„Z\.9)!/(5!$$]

.9 4Uu0".x0"34!# 7S_;}|.5AN7uA!$!$+-b=7S_;}x€7<U=]i0 34!!$=_.-+-!$z.5AC‚*6-&XD

0"!$> †C !/>T7< =&JP4=77< !).<A !$_/!/ (*%4U^7„_.S" P42-0 !$+12=75_;}S!0p7<=+

34!$=_!w_/7<=4.<0L# !$7(S!0"34!w_.S" !$&"2.S=+- 4U^(* +4!/.^A;7<>?!N75"!'7„P4-D

P42+4790 !$+Y

34µ³6587R³65~µ:9;i¶/³=·=<pµµ·N³-³4¶

Œ34!^7<;_;34o0 !$_0"P4 !C.5A.SP4&@6-&@0"!/> &&"34.9B aG U5P="!?…5Y

ˆ

0

0"3=!”0";7<&@>?%0@0"!$$]=0"34!1(* +-!$.8!/_.-+-!/CU5!$4!/;790 !$&0 34!”(* +4!/.8 -D

A.5 >T790 %.Sz+4790;7b4%0 &$YiŒ3=!L -A.5 >T790" .5zb4o0;&75"!L0"34!$”!/_.-+-!$+

b*6q0 34!8—sw˜)މ!/=_/.*+4!/'YTd0”3=75&^b€!/!$V&@34.9y fƒ%…5…/‡p0"3=7<0”%

0"3=!L Q(S!$&@0" US7<0"!$+^& _!$=7< .0"34!)—sw˜)Ž|_.-+-!'_[2€!/"A.5 >!'+„b!/0@0 !/

0"37<q0 P4 b.~_.5*(S.5# P-0" .5=75#_.-+-!'&N q0 !/ >T&N.5Ap0"34!?75_;34 !/(975b4#%!

˜p7<;7<>?!0 !/ ±[75#%P4!

i¸=ßJ¿:¾¼'Ò5Ú@º;½‹½Á¨¹X½¾ Ó`è`ÏwÝHÎ@Ïjå$Á¨½‹»‹¼9º;À¨¾Þ

Ã/ë9º;ÚX¹X »Á¨Å¹JÚXÆ/ǹ

äç9º;Ñ'ѹXÀ*ÚXÆ$ÇÁ¨Ñ'æ ã-ßÌä

äÆ`À¨¼ÅÑ>¹XÁ¨æ`ç»"à? ×

¿^ºA@$Á¨Å)¼'ÅnÁ»‹¹X½dº »‹Á¨Æ`Ѿ Ó`è

äç9º;Ñ'ѹXÀQ»’Ä'ë<¹ 꿄ÐiÃ퀹XçÁ¨ÚX¼Àúº;½äç9º;ÑÑ'¹@À-Ê

â¼Å)Ò<¹X½Æ;á4ë9º »‹ç¾ Ï

äº;½‹½Á¨¹X½á ½‹¹CB$¼¹XÑÚÄ Î`ìÙ>DJðñ

í¹XçÁ¨ÚX¼Àúº;½¾ë<¹X¹XÇ ×`Ô)Åë'ç

âÆ`½Å\º;À¨Á¨ñX¹XÇNßiÆ`ëëÀ¨¹X½ Ó'ìÓ'ÎEaÎ@Ô%F6G

Ð-ÊiÕã*îBé‹é

Hù5þþù5ûIõ9ö<û'ô$ø 5ô/õ^ö<û5ÿ%J<ö<û<û<ô$üó"ö<õ9öSþô/÷ô/õ

(n−k) Parity Check Nodes

n Message Nodes

¸4Á¨æì9Ó'ì8¸<º;Ú»Æ`½KDi½dº;ë'çw½¹X뽋¹X¾¹XÑ/»º »‹Á¨Æ`Ñ^Æ;á-»ç¹[ë9º;½‹Á»’Ä$Â,Údç¹XÚdÛNÅ\º »½‹Á@Sì

G4;7<>?!uI[ .5?K\790 !cE‹GJILKNMY £ !u *(5.S}5!$+R7<‰EMLONQP|M—sC˜Ž

_.-+-!\+4!“=4!'+bQ6z0"34!”ERTSULxMdD+- >!$=&"%.S=7<#-2=75"%0X6QDd_;3=!$_;}^>T79D

0" %vRƒ™9‡]34!/ !VPTW•EMLYXZR‰MC,&w0"34!TP4_.-+-!$+-D -A.5 >T790 %.S

b4# .-_;}g# !/=U<0"3Yš—sw˜)Ž _/.*+4!$&~b!$#%.S4UF0 .n0 34!|AH7<>?%# 6W.<A1#% -D

!$75Nb4# .-_;}~_/.-+-!$&$YNŒ34!'&@!z_/.-+-!$&C7< !z+-!“4!$+q7S&N_/.*+4!$&\P&@ 4UB7

&"2=7<;&@!j2=7< %0X6SD_;34!'_;}w>T7<0" ov”3=7(* 4U\0 34!&"75>?!j*P4>1b!$p.<A=# .5USoD

_/75#…$&J2€!/p_.S#%P4>?aEH_/.5# P4>?)!/ U53Q0'][4Mi7<=+z0"34!& 7<>?!)QP=>zb€!/

.<Aj#%.SU5,_/7<#j…$&w2€!/„".9°EH".9‰)!/ U53Q0$]6\*M`]3=!/ !1b€.<0 3x.<AL0"34!'&@!

*P4>zb€!/;&L75"!\&">T7<# #=_.S>?2=7< !$+10".”0"34!w—sw˜)ŽFb4#%.-_;}#%!$4U<0 3]LVY

a.5P4\&" >zP4#,790 %.S=&j!”_;3=.S&"![~7<+\8(97<# P4!$&.5AJ=Y[Œ34!”_.-+-!

;790"!S]K^]J.<A0 34!—sC˜Ž _/.-+-!$&z &zU5 (5!/Vb*6_^`WaPcbLVYqŒ34!

7<2=24".S24 7<0"!N(975#%P4!'&.<AdP¥75=+eR _/75B0 34!/ab€!„_$7<#,_P4#,790 !$+BA.5

0"3=!”+-f,!/ !/Q0\(97<# P4!'&.<AKL 75=+g^Y

ˆ a!v47<>?24# !„.<Ai0"34!^27< o0X68_;34!'_;}8>T790 "%vB,&U5 (5!$Bb*6h2

åji

kml n lpo

qr

s

Ô Î Î Ô Ô©Ô Î Ô©Ô Î

ÎÔ Ô Ô Î©Î Ô ÎÔ Ô

Ô©Ô Ô Î Ô Î Ô Î©Î Ô

Ô Î Ô Î Ô©Ô Î Ô©Ô Î

ÎÔ Î Ô ÎÔ Ô Ô Î Ô

tfu

v w

nxlzy

{

ÝHÎ"Þ

—sw˜)Žf_/.*+4!$&)_/7<b!w !/24 !$&"!/Q0"!'+Tb*6T71G75_`0 .5›w 7524380 3=790

_.SQ0 7< =&0X).0X6*2€!$&.5A-4.-+-!$&20"34!}|@b4%04.-+-!'&Q~N7<=+w0 34!|"_;3=!$_;}

4.-+-!'&Q~=YIL7S_;3zb4%0p4.-+-!_.5 !$&"2.S=+4&0".^7C_/.5# P4>?1.5A7C2=7< o0X6QD

_;34!'_;}8>T790" %v]=34 _;3u75# &".T_.5 !$&"2.S=+4&j0".87?b4%0N ~0"34!z_/.-+-!D

).5;+YzIL7S_;3|_;34!'_;}u4.-+-!T_.S" !$&"2.S=+4&N0".a7~".9‰.5A)72=7< o0X6QD

_;34!'_;}C>T790 "%v]$3= _;3” !/2="!'&@!$S0;&72=75"%0X6QDd_;3=!$_;}\!'OSP790" .5Y ˆ

!$+4U5!)b!/0Xj!$!/?7Nb4%0p4.-+-!7<=+17C_;3=!$_;}^4.-+-!!v-,&X0;&ioA7<=+z.54# 6

%A0"34!8b=o02=7<"0",_ 2=790 !$&^ c0"3=!B2=75"%0X6QDd_;34!'_;}q!$OQP=7<0" .5c !/24 !D

&"!/Q0"!'+xb*6a0"3=!8_;34!$_;}u4.-+-!S]Y!SY1b*6q7~4.54D*$!/ .B!/Q0 "6q |0"34!

2=75"%0X6QDd_;34!'_;}N>T790 "%vYGi U5P4 !j†&"34.9\&75”!v475>2=#%!j.<A47NG75_`0 .5

›w;7<243Y

Œ34!C.SP-0"2=P-0b4o0;&).<A0 34!^—sw˜)Žf_;3=7544!$#!$=_.-+-!$ &)7< !N0 34!/

2=7S&"&"!$+g0 .F0"3=!|&"2=75_/!D0" >!xb4#%.-_;}g!/=_/.-+-!/.<AzGi%USP4 !F…5YŠ

.5P=N&@6-&@0"!$>~]j!^!$>?24#%.96S!$+

ˆ

(3)

& _;34!/>?!$&1 Q(S!$&@0" US7<0"!$+]J0"34!~b!'&X0?2€!/"A.5 >?75=_!)7S&z7S_;34%!$(5!'+

b*6_/.5=_$790 !/=7<0" 4U„0"34!w&@275_!/D‹0 %>?!b4# .-_;}_/.-+-!wªa«„%0"3B_;37<-D

4!$#*_/.-+-!$&$YiŒ3=!ªa«C&@275_!/D‹0 %>?!jb4#%.-_;}”_/.*+4!j,&J75& &@.-_,790 !$+^%0"3

70X%4D‹0 75=&@>?%0@0 !/"Db=7S&@!'+q& _;34!/>?!5]34.S&"!1US!/4!$ 7<0".SC>T790 "%v

,&\+-!“4!$+a75&)A.S#%# .9\&2

ª

«

W €‚ 



ƒ



O„†…

E†5M

Œ34!x.SP-0"24P40~.5A^0"34!c&@275_!/D‹0 %>?!q!$=_.-+-!$,&B0"34!$¦rwGJsCt

>?.-+-P4#,790"!'+ao0 3a0"34!17<,+.5A0 34!”*(5!$ &"!^G=7S&X0NG=.5P4 %!$NŒ 75=&XD

A.5 > EXGJGJŒ\MTb4# .-_;}*&8.<AzGi%USP4 !V…x7<=+g0 75=&">%0@0 !$+fb*6R0"34!

_.S" !$&"2€.5=+- 4UF75S0 !/474Y Œ34!|*P4>zb€!/.<A^0";7<&@>?%0~7<Q0 !/-D

=7S&„ &w“4v-!'+x0 .~0Xj.]34 #%!?0 34!?QP=>zb€!/”.5Aj !$_!$%(S!75Q0"!/==75&

_.S=&@0"%0"P-0 !$+V7a+-!$&" U5c2=7<;7<>?!/0"!/'Y

£

!8P=&"!$+c7<nrwGJsCt &"6-&XD

0"!$> 3=7(*%4UB†S™<ž?&"P4b€_$7< " !/;&$YjZ\.9)!/(S!/']=&"%=_/!”.5=#%6a†9‘T+=790 7

&"6Q>1b.S# &17< !8b€!/ 4Uu0";7<&@>?%0@0"!'+]J0"3=!B !/>T7< 4 4UF…$žu&"P4b_/75@D

%!$ &Cj!$"!P=&"!$+|75&w(*%"0"P=75#p&@P4b_/75" !/;&/Y„±N "0"P=75#J&"P4b_/75" %!$ &

7< !aP=&"P=7<# #%6RP=&"!$+RA.5B7S_/_/.5>?>?.*+=790" 4UV7|A"!'OQP4!/=_/6QDd+-.S>T7<

;7<,&@!'+*Dd_/.S&"%=!”¤\6-OQP4 &@0@D“=#%0"!$" 4U8b=7S&@!'+u .5# #oDd.,y.<Ap0"3=!?rwGJsCt

&"%US=7<#75=+~0".7(5.5,+a7T+- "!'_`0C_/P4" !/Q01E‹s„ŽM\.,&@!/0N a0"34!z+4!D

>?.-+-P4#,790" .5|24 .*_/!$& &/YwŒ34!zP40" #%+*$7<0" .5x.5A[(*%"0"P=75#i&"P4b_/75" %!$ &

7<2=2!'7<;&L B>?.S&@0.<A "!$#%!'&"&)— ˆ ¤¦&X0;7<=+475 +=&/]*&@P_;375&$]*XILIjI

®Q†-Y …5…'7ƒ†‡d]=7<+ a0"3=!”Z\ U53q˜J!/"A.5 >T7<=_/!w—.-_/7<#

ˆ

"!'7T¤\!/0@D

).5 }?0X6Q2€!z†~EHZN%2€!/;—

ˆ

¤.<†SM„ƒ†9‡Y

ˆ 0u0"34!c !$_!$%(S!/']\0 34!F&@ U57<#„.<A!$75_;3l !$_!$%(S!y75Q0"!/==7n,&

rwGJsCt +-!/>?.-+-P4#,790 !$+Y Gi%USP4"!R…x&"34.9\&T0 34!|!/v47<>?24# !x.<Az7

.5=!Dd"!'_!/ (5!$b=7S&@!'+”&"6*&@0"!$>aYiG=.50"34!)0X).<Dd"!'_!/ (5!$&"6*&@0"!$>¦0Xj.

GJGJŒ¯b=#%.-_;}-&T7< !a"!'OSP=% !$+g790?0"3=!q"!'_!$%(S!/'][0"3*P=&8%=_/"!'75&"%=U

%0 &B_/.5>?24# !v-%0X65Y¦Œ34!x+-!$>.-+-P=# 7<0"!$+W&" U5=75# &?.5Aw0 34!q !$_/!/ (5!/

7<Q0 !/4=7S&”7< !0"34!$cA!$+y0 .a0"34!B&"2=7S_!D0" >?!Tb4# .*_;}y+-!$_/.-+-!/^.5A

Gi%USP4 !8…5Y\Œ34!&@275_!/D‹0 %>?!z+4!$_.-+-!$ &N7<2424# 6~0"34!—.SUS7< %0"34>?,_

tq7<v* >zP=>

ˆ

Dd˜J.Q&X0 !/ %.S"E‹—.SU<Dt

ˆ

˜)Mp+-!$_/.-+-%=U17<# U5.S"%0"3=>•ƒ9‡

A.5124 .9(Q,+- 4Uu&@.5A’01.SP-0"24P40 &^A.S”0 34!B_;3=7544!/#)+-!$_/.-+-!/;&/YaŒ34!

—sw˜)Žl_/.-+-!1_$7<qb€!+4!$_.-+-!'+ub*6~0"34!?&@.5Dd_$7<# #%!'+u&@P=>1Dd24 .-+-P=_`0

7<# U5.S"%0"3=>¥ƒ%…'†9‡.5Cb*6~b€!/# !A[24 .52€.5UQ790" .5Vƒ%…$<‡YNŒ3=!1+-!'_.-+-!$+

b4%0 &\75"!w0 34!/~A!$+0 .10 34!^(* +4!/.T+-!$_/.-+-!/'Y

G4.5.5P4&" >zP4#,790 %.S=&/]$j!pP&@!'+N0 34![>1P4#o0 oDd2=7<0"3”_;3=7544!/#5>.-+-!$#

_;3=75 7S_`0"!$"+*/!'+Tb*6T0"3=!”­NŒK ˆ (5!$34,_P4#,7<_;3=7544!/# ˆ Y4Œ34!”_.S@D

!$&"2.S=+- 4U^_;3=7<4=!/#4 >?24P4#,&@! !$&"2.S=&"!),&[&"34.9?%uƒ®9‡d]534!$"!

!$7S_;3z2=7<0"3 &iAH7S+-!$+1 =+-!/2€!/+-!/Q0"# 617S_/_/.5;+-%=U\0".w0 34!K\76*#%!$%US3

+-,&X0 " b4P-0 %.SY?Œ75b4#%!?"C&"34.9\&C0"34!T_.S" !$&"2€.5=+- 4UB0";7<=_/!/ (5!/

2=75 75>!/0"!$ &7<+_;3=7544!$#2=7<;7<>?!/0"!/;&j!/>?24# .965!$+Y

²~V9€’·N‡55µ-xˆ”³=¶$ 5/¶‰‹Š?¶$€¶'¶/¶

B0 34 &&"!$_0" .5]*)!C24 .9(* +4!N.5P=&" >zP4#,790 %.S8"!'&@P=#o0;&LA.S)0"34!

>?.-+-P4#,790" .5R&"_;34!$>?!$&”&"2!'_%“=!$+F%nŒi7<b=#%!8^P&@ 4Uu0 34!&"2=75_/!D

0" >?!b4# .*_;}1_.-+-!$+8rwGJswt¯>?.-+-!$>œ_.S=_/7<0"!$=790 !$+”%0"3T—sC˜Ž

_.-+- 4U]'3=!/^0 75=&@>?%0@0 %4UN.9(5!/0"34!)­NŒK ˆ _;3=7<4=!/#S+4!0 75%# !$+

|Œi7<b4# !”@`Y

£

!1 #%#“=;&X0„_;3=7<;75_0"!$",&@!„0 34!17S_;34 !/(97<b4# !zGJILK

(5!$ &"P=&p_;3=7544!$#‚-¤NKf2€!/"A.5 >T7<=_/!!v-24 !$& &@!'+z 8+4w]9A.5# # .9j!'+

b*6T0"3=!^(Q,+-!$.8OSP7<# o0X68 !$&"P4#%0 &$Y

ŒŽd‘“’'”•—–™˜mšœ›žŸ% p’-¡+¢p£•MŸp–j”¤¥6¦#V¦”

4o0 75#&"%>1P4#,790" .5&j!$"!^2€!/"A.5 >?!$+P=&@ 4U?0 34!^0";7<&"_/!/ (5!/

_.S-“=USP4"!'+a%x0"34!1A.5P=N“4v-!'+u>?.*+4P4# 7<0" .5q>?.-+-!'&C.5ALŒ75b4# !z`Y

Gi%USP4 !C^2€.5"0";76-&J0"34!„75_;3=%!$(75b4# !NGJILKgA.5)!$7S_;3T.<A0 34!N>?.-+*D

P4#,790 %.S~>?.-+-!'&!/>?24# .965!$+(5!$ &"P=&j0"3=!”_;3=7<4=!/#‚-¤CK^Y

£ !\_$7<T&@!$!)A".S> Gi%USP4"!w0 3=790p0 [email protected]">T7S_!).<A€0"34!\&"6-&XD

0"3=!?ª « &"2=7S_!D0" >?!”b4# .-_;}a_/.-+-!”P=&"%=UB.5=!”"!'_!$%(S!/C75Q0"!/==74Y

Œ34!a !$75&".5nA.5?0 34 &8>.-+-!'&X08 >?24 .9(5!/>?!$S0?75&10"3=7<0834!/

P=&"%=Ua0Xj.~0";7<&@>?%0z7<Q0"!$4=75&$]0 34!82€.9j!$^.<A)0"34!T =+- (* +-P7<#

7<Q0 !/4=7S&3=7S&0".Tb€!”3=75#%(S!$+A.50 34!z& 7<}S!w.5AJAH7< N_.S>27< &".5Y

rCu0 34!z.50"34!$C3=75=+]0"34!?790"0 75%=75b4# !”%>?24 .9(5!$>?!/Q0N =_ !$7S&@!'+

&"%US4o“€_/7<Q0 #%6S]€3=!/|0Xj."!'_!/ (5!$C75S0 !/475&wj!$"!1P=&"!$+Y”Œ34,&

,&8b€!$_/75P=&"!5])0"34!x!/>?24# .96Q>?!$S08.5AC0X).V !$_!$%(S!/875S0 !/475&875#oD

# .9\&„0"34!8&"2=7S_!D0" >?!Tb4# .*_;}y_.-+-!'&”7<=+y0 34!B_;3=7544!$#L+-!$_/.-+-!/

0".q+4!$_.-+-!80"34!8 =_/.5>?%=UaA 75>!'&^>?.5 !T"!$#%,7<b=#%6S]0"3*P=&z&@ U54%A’D

,_/7<Q0 #%6R"!'+-P=_ 4UV0 34!xGJILK !$(5!$f7<07c# .9 ‚-¤CK^YZ\.9)!/(5!$$]

0"3= &) >2=".9(S!/>?!/Q0)_/.5>?!$&7<0j0 34!C!/v-2!$=&@!w.<Ai7<B =_/"!'75&"!$+T !D

_!$%(S!/\_/.5>?24# !v-o0X6S]4&@ =_/!„0X _/!”75&>T7<*6GJGJŒmb4#%.-_;}-& #%#b!

!$OQP4 "!'+Y

ˆ

&u)!V"!$2.S@0 !$+m%šƒ%…5…/‡]„%0x,&q&@3=.9m ŠGi%USP4"!Vg0 3=790

—sw˜)Žg_/.-+-!$&j>T762€!/"A.5 >Ÿb!/0@0 !/j0"3=7580"P="b€.1_/.5*(5.S#%P-0 %.S=7<#

_.-+-!'&TEHŒNŽMw y0"!/ >T&„.<Aj0"34!87S_;34%!$(97<b4# !TGiIjK^]!$&"2€!$_,7<# # 6x790

34 U53g_.-+- 4U|;790 !$&$YFF0 34!a%*(S!$&@0" US790 !$+F& _!$=7< .q0"3=!~;790 %.

.<Ai0"3=!^!$&@0" >?7<0"!'+_/.5>?24# !v-o0X6.<A0"34!”—sC˜Ž:_/.*+4!$&.<ApŒi7<b4# !„

0".0 34!”ŒNŽwE‹†4]%…S]‘*ML_/.*+4!5 &_.5>?24# !v-%0X6875&w…5…†5™5†5™Q¬9ž§¨

…

‘S‘=]

34,_;3a)7S&!$&@0" >T790"!'+~A.5N†S™?—sw˜)Ž:o0 !/;790" .5&\7<=+a®TŒNŽ{%0@D

!/;790 %.S=&$Y{W.<0 34!/Bj.S +4&$])0"34!|—sw˜)Ž _.-+-!$_5 &_.S>2=#%!/v*%0X6

,&w75b.SP-0„3=7<#%AL.<AL0"3=7<0w.5A[0"34!?ŒNŽwE‹†4]%…S]‘*M\_/.*+4!5Y”G4.SC!/v47<>?24# !5]

gGi U5P4 !~EH+=M]j3=!/gP=&@ 4Uy0"3=!u™™9ž| 7<0"!/Dd_/.*+4!$+Fž5‘<D© ˆ tV]

—sw˜)މ_.-+- 4U375&„7~†4Y™4]‘=Y¨™875=+x=Y™+4¦b€!0@0 !/z‚-¤CKŠ0 3=7<

ŒNŽc7<0i7NGJIjKF.<A…-ª



”0"3=!‚-Œ\Ž|0 75=& _!/ (5!$P=&" 4U\0X).N !D

_!$%(S!/75S0 !/475&$]$.S4!p"!'_!$%(S!/7<Q0"!$4=775=+w4.C‚-Œ\ŽC] !$&"2!'_`D

0" (5!$#%6SYpŒ34!^+-f,!/ !/_!$&75"!w&@>T7<# # !/)%0"34!?…p<†^;790 !D_.-+-!'+T‘<D

ˆ t &"o0 P=790 %.S~_;37<;75_`0 !/ «*$!$+B%uGi%USP4 !„EH7QM`]434!$"!^—sC˜Ž

_.-+- [email protected]">T&ib€!0@0 !/J0 3=7<ŒNŽcb*6”7<b€.5P-0…5]4Y¨™\7<+4Y¨™C+4

790)7”GJILKf.<Ap…%-ª



T0 34!N_.SQ0"!v*0L.5A0"34!C‚4ŒŽg&"6-&X0 !/>œP=&@ 4U

0X).”"!'_!$%(S!/j75Q0"!/==75&$]S.S4!N !$_/!/ (5!$L7<Q0"!$4=717<=+T=.‚-Œ\ŽC]

!$&"2!'_`0" (5!$#%6SYLŒ34!$"!/A.5 !5]-0 34!^!/>?24# .96*>!$Q0\.<Ap—sw˜)Ž{ &\>.S"!

b€!/4!/“_,7<#%T(*,+-!/.„0 !/# !/2434.S*65]Q34!/ !0"34!C(* +-!$.”_.-+-!'_ &L(5!/ 6

&"!/=&"o0 %(S!0".^0 34!\0 75=&">,& &@ .5!/ ".S &J!/v-2!$" !/=_/!$+? 87wA 75>?!5Y

¬

O­œ•M ¦Ÿ®¦#¯±°Ÿp¯V¢p–²¤¦

Œ34!1(975" .5P=&N0";7<&@>?,&"&"%.Sq&"_/!/=75" .S&C)!/ !17<#,&".B&X0 P=+- !$+|%

0"!$">T&^.5A0"34!$%1(Q,+-!$.q˜j‚-¤CKœ2€!/"A.5 >T7<=_/!TP=&"%4Ua0 34!B—sC˜Ž

75& &" &@0"!'+1ªa«w&@2=7S_!/D‹0 %>?!Lb=#%.-_;}”_.-+-!'+rwGJswt¯&"6-&X0 !/>Š75& &" &@0"!'+

b*61.S4!N75=+?0X).^"!'_!/ (5!$L7<Q0 !/4=7S&pA.S[0";7<&@>?,&"&"%.S?.9(5!/[0"34!

­NŒK ˆ _;3=7<4=!/#YfI[v-2!$" >?!/Q0 &?P=&" 4Uc.54!~0";7<&@>?%0@0"!$87<=+

.5=!B !$_!$%(S!/z75Q0"!/==7q)!/ !B7<#,&".x_.S=+-P=_0"!$+VA.510"34!~&"75}5!8.5A

_.S>?2=7< &".5YaGi U5P4 !8‘x&"34.9\&„0 34!7S_;34 !/(97<b4# !8(*,+-!/.xOQP=75#%%0X6

!v-24 !$& &"!$+y%c0 !/ >T&^.<A0"3=!B˜j‚-¤CKŸ(5!$ &"P=&„0 34!B_;3=7544!/#)‚-¤NK

A.51!$7S_;3F.<A0 34!B>?.-+-P4#,790 %.SF>?.*+4!$&1.<A0"34!a&"6*&@0"!$>aY ˆ &1!v*D

2€!$_`0 !$+]S0"3=!\34 U534!$p0"34 .5P=U53424P40Lb4%0";790"!.5A0"34!Nž5‘' ˆ t¯>?.-+-!

24 .9(* +-!'&87<f 434!$"!$S0 #%6gb€!0@0 !/~(* +-!$.FOQP=7<# o0X6R0"37<f0"3790B.5A

0"3=!^#%.9)!/"D‹0 34 .5P4US3424P-0)b4P-0\>?.5 !„".Sb4P=&@0)(*,+-!/.?>?.-+-!$&$Y[Z\.9D

!/(S!/']-75&)0"3=!„_;37<44!$#OQP=7<# o0X6+-!/US 7S+-!$&$]50 34!”790"0 75%=75b4# !w(*,+-!/.

OQP=7<# %0X6B.<AJ0 34!zž<‘- ˆ t¥>?.-+-!z+-!$U5;75+-!'& 7524 +4#%6SYju.SP4\24 !D

(*%.SP=&~j.S"}‰ƒ%…<‡]Co0u3=7S&8A.SP4=+{0"3=7<0a {.S +4!/0".f!/=&"P4 !|7

0".S#%!$ 75b4# !B+-!/US 7S+4790 %.Sc.<A0"3=!(*,+-!/.xOQP=75#%%0X6V75&”0"34!a_;3=7<=4!/#

‚-¤CK¦"!'+-P=_!'+]4%0N75&b€!/4!/“_,7<#0 .8&@%0 _;3~0 .87?>.S"!^ .5b=P=&X0

>?.-+-P4#,790" .5a>?.-+-!5]34!/a0 34!zGJILKl!/v-_/!/!'+-!$+q™™³8Y ˆ #%0"34.SP4U53

0"3= &? 434!$"!$S0 #%6V !$+4P=_!'+F0 34!a(Q,+-!$.|b4%0";790 !~75=+n0"34!u75& &".*_/oD

790 !$+B(Q,+-!$.˜)‚-¤NK^]Q0 34 &75&j# !$& &j.Sb-¡X!$_0" .5=75b4# !N &"P4b-¡X!$_0" (5!

(* +4!/.VOQP=7<# o0X6n0"!$">T&$]L0 3=7<W7VGJILK• g!/v4_!$& &?.<A”™³ j.SP4#,+

(4)

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

Channel SNR (dB)

10

-3

2

5

10

-2

2

5

10

-1

2

5

10

0

F

E

R

TURBO CODES

LDPC

G

2

2RX

G

2

1RX

1TX 1RX

Ý,ºÞJÎ"Ö;Ó\äÆ$Ç'¹@ÇCÈ;ÂHÉiÊJ¿

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Channel SNR (dB)

10

-3

2

5

10

-2

2

5

10

-1

2

5

10

0

F

E

R

TURBO CODES

LDPC

G

2

2RX

G

2

1RX

1TX 1RX

Ý%Ò<ÞÓÖ;×äÆ$ǹXÇ^Ë Â,ÌÃ'Í

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

Channel SNR (dB)

10

-3

2

5

10

-2

2

5

10

-1

2

5

10

0

F

E

R

TURBO CODES

LDPC

G

2

2RX

G

2

1RX

1TX 1RX

Ý Ú"Þ×Ö È\äÆ$Ç'¹@ÇzÎ@Ï ÂHÉiÊJ¿

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

Channel SNR (dB)

10

-3

2

5

10

-2

2

5

10

-1

2

5

10

0

F

E

R

TURBO CODES

LDPC

G

2

2RX

G

2

1RX

1TX 1RX

Ý Ç9ÞèÖ;ÏäÆ/ǹXÇ^Ï;È;ÂHÉiÊi¿

¸4Á¨æì5×'ìx¸=î€Üxå¹X½¾‹¼¾iÚç9º;ÑѹXÀÃ'âiÜxë<¹@½Há Æ`½‹Å\º;ÑÚX¹Já Æ`½LÝ,ºÞpÎ"Ö;Ó Â’½dº »‹¹LÚ@Æ/ǹXǔÈ;ÂHÉiÊJ¿àQÝ Ò<ÞÓÖ;× Â’½dº »‹¹LÚ@Æ/ǹXÇzË Â’ÌÃ$Í)à-Ý Ú"Þ×Ö È;Â,½dº »‹¹jÚXÆ/ǹXÇ8Î@Ï ÂÉiÊJ¿à<º;ÑÇ

Ý Ç<ÞpèÖ;Ï Â’½º »¹\ÚXÆ/ǹXÇ?Ï;È;ÂHÉiÊi¿œ¼¾‹Á¨ÑæC»‹ç¹\ã-ßiÌäyº;ÑÇÐäyº;¾‹¾Á¨¾H»¹XÇVµz¾‹ë9º;ÚX¹X »Á¨Å¹Ò'À¨Æ$Úd۔ÚXÆ/ǹXÇVi¸=ßJ¿œ¾HÄ'¾H»¹XÅm¹@Åë'À¨Æ"Ä$Á¨Ñæ1κ;ÑÇ?Ów½‹¹XÚ@¹XÁå¹X½

º;Ñ/»‹¹XÑÑ9º;¾á Æ`½€»‹½dº;Ñ'¾ÅÁ¨¾¾‹Á¨Æ`ÑÆ"å¹X½»‹ç¹[êÐÜÊaÚdç9º;ÑÑ'¹@À,ìÊuÆ`ѹÂ,»‹½dº;Ѿ‹ÅÁ»‹»‹¹X½º;ÑÇNÆ`ѹ’½¹XÚX¹XÁå¹@½º;Ñ»‹¹@Ñ'Ñ9ºº;Á¨Ç¹XÇNÒ5¹XÑÚçÅ\º;½Û`¹X½¾‹Ä$¾‹»‹¹XÅRÁ¨¾º;À¨¾ÆL¾çÆ©Ñ

á Æ`½ÚXÆ`Åë9º;½Á¨¾‹Æ`ÑQì

ˆ

&+- & _P&"&"!$+c R‚*!'_`0" .5n±\D

ˆ

]J0"3=!&"6*&@0"!$>hP&@ 4Ux—sC˜Ž

_.-+-!'&2€!/"A.5 >T&b€!0"0"!/i0 3=7<^0 34!).54!L0"3=7<0i!$>2=#%.96-&ŒNŽC]'34!$=_!

)!j_.S=_!$Q0";790"!L.5P4i790@0 !/Q0" .5z.5„0"3=!)—sC˜Žy_.-+-!$+„(*,+-!/.w&"_/!D

=75" .=YiŒ34"!$!L0 75=&">,& &@ .5&"_;34!$>?!$&i3=7(5!jb!$!/?_;3=7<;75_0"!$",&@!'+

zGi%USP4"!j‘=]34,_;3z7< !p0 34!j&"6-&X0 !/>¦P=&"%4UN.54!L0";7<=&">?o0"0"!/i7<=+

.5=!”"!'_!$%(S!/']=.5=!^0";7<=&">?o0"0"!$C75&Nj!$#%#i75&\0Xj.T !$_/!/ (5!/;&$]=7<=+

0X).a0";7<=&">?o0"0"!/;&z7S&^)!/# #j75&^0Xj.q !$_/!/ (5!$ &$YBd01_$7<Vb€!B&"!/!/

A .5> Gi U5P4 !j‘w0 3=790J0"3=!˜)‚-¤NKR(* +4!/.„[email protected]">T75=_!_P4 (5!'&75"!

&"%>? # 75NA.SC0 34!~…$Œ·¶z]J…'K>¶œ75=+uA.SC0 34!8ªa«-]J…$K>¶œ0";7<&@>?,&XD

&"%.Sn&@6-&@0"!$>?&$]Jb4P-0?b.50"3R.<A0"3=!/> 7< !8.5P40"2€!/"A.5 >!'+Vb*6y0"34!

0X).<D0";7<=&">?o0"0"!/75=+0Xj.5D !$_/!/ (5!/)&@6-&@0"!$>~Y

G4.50 34!~& 7<}S!B.5AN_.5>?2=75",&".5][Gi U5P4 !$&?™q75=+nžy&@3=.9Ÿ0"34!

(* +4!/[email protected]">T75=_!„ 0 !/ >T&.<Aib.50"3q˜j‚4¤NKl75&)!/# #75&GJILK

(5!$ &"P=&a_;3=7544!/#‚-¤NKhA.5a0 34!c0";7<&@>?,&"&"%.Sm& _;34!/>?!'&aP=&@ 4U

—sw˜)Ž{75& &" &@0"!'+~ª « &"2=75_/!D0" >!„b4# .-_;}B_.-+-!'+qrwGiswt¥%u_/.5-D

¡XP4=_0" .5q%0"3u.S4!z75=+~0Xj.T !$_/!/ (5!$\7<Q0"!$4=75&$]= !$&"2€!$_`0 %(S!/# 65Y

Œ34!y_.5 !$&"2.S=+- 4Un˜j‚4¤NK 75=+:GJILK !$&"P4#%0 &.<A^0 34!|(*,+-!/.

0";7<&@>?,&"&"%.S{‚*6-&X0 !/>T&|…x7<=+m†V.52€!/;790 %=UFo0 3{7<+Wo0 3-D

.5P400 75=&">,& &@ .5nA!/!$+4b=75_;}]L !$&"2€!$_`0 %(S!/# 6F7< !u7<#,&@.c+-!/2= _0"!$+

xb€.<0"3|“=USP4"!'&/Y ˆ &w&"!/!$uA .5> Gi%USP4 !$&„™87<+xž4]‚-6*&@0"!$>T&z…

7<+8†„3=7(5!\7z&@ >?%#,7<[email protected]">T7<_!5YJG4.SL!'75_;3?.<A0 34!\>?.-+-P4#,79D

0" .5>?.-+-!$&$]S‚*6-&@0"!/> …5]<34,_;3%*(5.S}5!'&0 75=&@>?,&"&" .5”A!$!$+-b75_;}

3=7S&)71>T7< U5 =7<# # 6# .9)!/)(Q,+-!$.OQP=75#%%0X65]*34!$80"3=!„GJIjK{,&)"!$#oD

(5)

b€!0@0 !/J(* +4!/.COQP=75#%%0X6w0"3=75”0 3=790J.<A€‚-6*&@0"!$> †-]34,_;3z75&P=&"%4U

4.0";7<&@>?,&"&"%.SBA!$!$+-b75_;}]-34!/~0 34!”GJILKm &3=%US3Y

rCb=&@!$"(S!NAP=@0 34!/ >?.5 !C0 3=7900 34!^(* +4!/.8OQP=7<# %0X6B+-!/US 7S+4790 %.S

.<A‚*6-&X0 !/> …z,&C>.S"!1(* &"%b=#%!%x0"34!# .9j!$\0"3=".SP4U5342=P-0C>?.-+*D

P4#,790 %.Sg>?.-+-!q.5Aw‘-ˆ tV]L0"3=75f%f0 34!xž<‘-ˆ t >?.*+4!5Y ˆ &

&"34.9a%uŒi7<b4# !^`]4 u.5P4!/v*2€!/ >!$Q0 &)!^P=&"!”?b4o0;&A.5\0"34!

!/2€!$+-%0" .5W_.-+-!'+R0";7<=&">? & &@ .5nA!/!'+-b=75_;}Y:)6R_/.5Q0";75&@0$]j%

‚*6-&@0"!/> †P=&@ 4Ua4.~0";7<&@>?,&"&"%.SxA!$!$+-b75_;}]7<y!v*0 7a~b4%0 &

3=7(S!jb€!/!$?7S+4+-!'+z0 .w0"34!(*,+-!/.„b4%0";790 !)b=P=+-U5!/0$Yi0"34!\_$75&"!j.5A

‘' ˆ t 0 34!/ !„7< !„†<‘1b4o0;&2!$2=75_;}S!0']*75=+~1b=o0;&_.5&X0 o0 P-0"!

7"!$# 7<0" (5!$#%6?34 U534!$2.S@0 %.S.5A0"3=!C0 .<0;7<#2=76*# .S75+8.<Ai712=7S_;}5!0

10 34!‘'

ˆ

t >?.-+-!5]50"3=751

Tž<‘-ˆ

tV]34,_;3z0 75=&">%0 &…†

b4%0 &2€!/N2=75_;}S!0$Y

$RCSfile: ~/h26l/adaptive/EncodeFER/ofdm-sys/psnr-vs-csnr.gle$

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

Channel SNR (dB)

25

30

35

40

45

A

v

e

ra

g

e

P

S

N

R

(d

B

)

G

2

2RX

G

2

1RX

1TX 1RX

64QAM

16QAM

8PSK

4QAM

¸4Á¨æìpÈì Êå¹X½º;æ`¹ÌÃ'âiܦå¹X½¾‹¼¾Údçº;ÑѹXÀCÃ'âiÜ‰á Æ`½”»‹ç¹Bá%Æ`¼½¹º@$¹@Ç

i¸ßi¿ ÅÆ/ǹX¾w¼'¾Á¨ÑæT»‹ç¹ã-ßÌä:º;¾¾Á¨¾H»¹XÇj.µa¾‹ë9º;ÚX¹X »Á¨Å¹”ÒÀ¨Æ/ÚdÛ

Ú@Æ/ǹXÇ»i¸=ßJ¿RÃ/Ä$¾‹»‹¹@ÅRκ;¾¾‹Á¨¾‹»‹¹XÇ)ÒÄjÆ`Ñ'¹º;ÑÇj»—Æi½¹XÚX¹@Áå¹X½=º;Ñ»¹XÑÑ9º;¾

á Æ`½»½º;ѾÅÁ¨¾‹¾Á¨Æ`ÑCÆ"å¹X½»‹ç¹jêÐÜÊ|Údç9º;ÑÑ'¹@À,ìÐç¹Lë<¹@½Há Æ`½‹Å\º;ÑÚX¹pÆ;áº

Æ`ѹw»‹½dº;Ѿ‹ÅÁ»‹»‹¹X½\º;ÑÇÆ`Ñ'¹„½¹XÚX¹XÁå¹@½\º;Ñ»‹¹@Ñ'Ñ9ºTº;Á¨Ç¹XǾHÄ'¾H»¹XŊÁ¨¾\º;À¨¾Æ

¾çƩфá%Æ`½iÚXÆ`Åë9º;½‹Á¨¾Æ`ÑQìÐç¹j¿„Á¨¾¾ÊiŹX½Á¨Ú@ºÉpä钸8å'Á¨Ç'¹@Æ\¾‹¹©B/¼¹XÑÚX¹

¾Ú@º;ÑѹXÇ^º »×`Ôjá%½dº;Ź"Ö ¾/º;¾¼¾¹XÇCÁ¨ÑwÆ`¼½¹@'ë<¹X½Á¨Å¹XÑ»¾@ì

$RCSfile: ldpc-16qam-video

c

oded

1

0-872748db-tpd.gle,v $

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Channel SNR (dB)

10

-3

2

5

10

-2

2

5

10

-1

2

5

10

0

F

ra

m

e

E

rr

o

r

R

a

te

(F

E

R

)

PSNR with feedback

PSNR without feedback

FER

64QAM

16QAM

8PSK

4QAM

20

25

30

35

40

45

A

v

e

ra

g

e

P

S

N

R

(d

B

)

¸4Á¨æì4è'ì Êå¹X½dº;æ`¹ÌÃ'âiÜFº;ÑǸ=î€Ücå¹@½‹¾¼¾LÚdç9º;Ñ'ѹXÀÃ'âiÜcá%Æ`½[»‹ç¹á%Æ`¼½ ¹º@'¹XÇNÅÆ$Ç'¼Àúº »Á¨Æ`ÑÅÆ/ǹX¾¼¾‹Á¨Ñæ[»ç¹iã-ßiÌä8º;¾¾‹Á¨¾‹»‹¹XÇ.µ¾ë9º;ÚX¹Â,»‹Á¨Å¹

ÒÀ¨Æ$ÚÛzÚXÆ/ǹXÇVi¸=ßJ¿ ¾‹Ä$¾‹»‹¹@Å{½¹XÀÄ$Á¨ÑæwÆ`ÑzÆ`ѹ»‹½dº;Ѿ‹ÅÁ»‹»‹¹X½Lº;ÑÇz»—Æ

½¹XÚX¹@Áå¹X½º;Ñ/»‹¹XÑÑ9º;¾iá%Æ`½»½º;ѾÅÁ¨¾‹¾Á¨Æ`ÑNÆ"å¹X½»ç¹LêÐÜÊqÚdç9º;ÑÑ'¹@À,ìÐç'¹

Épä钸q¿„Á¨¾‹¾pÊiŹX½Á¨Ú@ºå'Á¨Ç'¹@Æw¾¹CB$¼'¹@Ñ'Ú@¹\¾‹Ú"º;Ñ'ѹXÇ?º »j×`ÔCá%½dº;Ź"Ö ¾dº;¾

¼¾¹XÇwÁ¨ÑCÆ`¼½¹@'ë<¹X½Á¨Å¹XÑ»¾@ì

²a3w²5Q¶/

ˆ ”—sw˜)Žx7<+w0"P4 b.\_/.-+-%=U\75& &@,&X0 !$+”ª « &"2=75_/!D0" >!pb=#%.-_;}

ˆ

$RCSfile: ldpc-16qam-video

c

oded

1

0-872748db-tpd.gle,v $

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Channel SNR (dB)

10

-3

2

5

10

-2

2

5

10

-1

2

5

10

0

F

ra

m

e

E

rr

o

r

R

a

te

(F

E

R

)

PSNR with feedback

PSNR without feedback

FER

64QAM

16QAM

8PSK

4QAM

20

25

30

35

40

45

A

v

e

ra

g

e

P

S

N

R

(d

B

)

¸4Á¨æì-Ï'ìœÊå¹X½dº;æ`¹ÌÃ'âiÜFº;ÑǸ=î€Üyå¹X½¾¼'¾jÚdçº;ÑѹXÀÃ'âiÜyá%Æ`½L»‹ç¹á%Æ`¼½ ¹º@'¹XÇNÅÆ$Ç'¼Àúº »Á¨Æ`ÑÅÆ/ǹX¾¼¾‹Á¨Ñæ[»ç¹ã-ßiÌäº;¾¾‹Á¨¾‹»‹¹XÇ.µ¾ë9º;ÚX¹Â,»‹Á¨Å¹

ÒÀ¨Æ$ÚÛCÚXÆ/ǹXÇi¸ßi¿l¾‹Ä$¾‹»‹¹XÅf½¹XÀÄ$Á¨ÑæÆ`Ñw»—Æ»‹½dº;Ñ'¾ÅÁ»H»¹X½¾º;ÑÇw»—Æ

½¹XÚX¹@Áå¹X½‹¾º;Ñ»¹XÑÑ9º;¾á%Æ`½»‹½dº;Ñ'¾ÅÁ¨¾¾‹Á¨Æ`Ñ)Æ@å¹@½=»ç'¹JêÐÜÊÚç9º;ÑѹXÀ,ì=Ðç¹

Épä钸a¿„Á¨¾¾[ÊiŹX½Á¨Ú@ºå'Á¨Ç'¹@ÆC¾¹CB/¼¹XÑÚX¹C¾‹Ú"º;Ñ'ѹXÇ?º »j×`ÔCá%½dº;Ź"Ö ¾dº;¾

¼¾¹XÇwÁ¨ÑNÆ`¼½¹@'ë<¹X½Á¨Å¹XÑ»¾@ì

>?.-+-!q7y"!'75&".5=75b4#%!~(* +4!/.VOQP=7<# o0X6g_/75Rb€!q75_;34 !/(S!$+g7908# .9

‚-¤CK\&/Yp)6T_.SS0 7S&X0C]S0 34!N(*,+-!/.OQP=7<# o0X6T_$7<Tb€!w&"P4b=&@0 75S0 75#%# 6

=_ !$7S&@!'+n n0 34!xž5‘†

ˆ

t >?.-+-!S]j34!$g0"34!q_;3=7544!$#N‚-¤NK

,&z&"P-e8_ !/Q0"# 6|3=%US3Yu¤\.x&"%US4%“_/75S0”2€!/"A.5 >T7<=_/!8+-«,€!$"!$=_!

75&).5b=&"!/ (5!'+8b€!0X)!/!$a‚*6-&@0"!$> …^7<=+a†-]- =+-,_/7<0" 4U0"3=7<00"34!

!/>?24# .96*>?!/Q0.<Ai0";7<=&">? & &@ .5BA!/!'+-b=75_;}B &4.50\4!$_/!$& &@%0 7<0"!'+Y

ˆ”³6¼*³4³4³¶

½

ξ ã€ì9ðº;ÑñXƹ»"ìº;À,àÀ¿ÀÁÂdà ËÄÅ Ã]Æ6ÇCÆ'Âdà Šì-äçÁ¨Údç¹X¾‹»‹¹X½"à<êÍÉȺÊ`Æ`çÑ

Ë~Á¨À¨¹ÄCº;ÑÇCé’î€î€îB̀½‹¹X¾¾"ì¨à'Ó`Ô`Ô`×'ì ½ ÓA¾¯Ü[ì€å`º;Ñuâ¹@¹”º;Ñ'ÇuÜ[ì̀½dº;¾º;ÇQ໿ÀÁÂdÃÌÁ'Í ÊeÎ.ϾÊMÐQÑÐkÇÉÇ ÃÒ ÑÈÓÏfÔ·ÐÕÅÏ¿Ë ÆÍ ÔÖÔ Ò ÄpÏøÍÉ˔ÈÓÏ Í Ä Ç ìÕÆ`¾H»Æ`ÑȀʽ‹»‹¹@Úç^ðÆ`¼¾‹¹p̀¼Ò'À¨Á¨¾ç¹X½¾@àÓ`Ô`Ô`Ô'ì ½

×A¾ ã€ìðº;ÑñXÆàÐpìð[ìã*Á¨¹:º;Ñ'ÇuÕiìã€ìÀ׀¹@º;ëQàØpÒ ÊkÆÍ8ÆÍ ÅÏfÄÙÚ ØpÒ ÊkÆÍ

Û‡Ü©Ò ËÑϾÇè˔ÈÓÏÍ ÄËÄÅ8Ý#ޒË#ÍÕÐ Ø ÏfÔ·Ð ÆÍ ÅÏ«ÄÙßÍ Ê Ø ÊŽËÄ ÇÕÔÖϿǺÇÕÏÍ Ä Íà ЩÊ

Î.Ï¿ÊMÐQÑЩÇÉǛÍCá‘ËÄpÄÐQÑÇìË1¹X¾H»Ã$¼¾¾‹¹@Sà î€Ñæ`Àúº;ÑÇÈ-Ê`Æ`çÑâË~Á¨À¨¹Äpº;Ñ'Çjé’îî€î

̀½‹¹@¾‹¾"àÓ`Ô`Ô`Ó'ì

½

Ⱦ¯Õiì=ã*¼Qà/ãLìË1º;Ñæº;ÑÇBÍ)ìÜ[ì€âiº;½º@Ä/º;Ñ9º;ÑQàâäã-ßiÌä€ÂÕº;¾‹¹XÇ~Ã/ë9º;ÚX¹XÂ

ÐÁ¨Å¹iäÆ/ǹXÇi¸ßi¿mÃÄ'¾H»¹Xž å¹X½äÆ`½½‹¹XÀúº »¹XÇ\¸<º;ÇÁ¨Ñæ)äç9º;ÑѹXÀ¨¾QÈ

Ì4¹@½Há Æ`½‹Å\º;ÑÚX¹€ÊÑ9º;ÀÄ'¾‹Á¨¾=º;ÑÇ)ܹXÚX¹@Áå¹X½ßi¹X¾Á¨æ`ÑQà呿çÛÀÛ²ÛèØ ÊÌËÄ ÇÉËÍkÈÓÏ

Í

Ä Ç

¿ Ä ÆÀÍ ÔÖÔ Ò ÄpÏ¿ÍÉ˔ÈÓÏÍ Ä Çà<ëëQì9Ø ÈAé$Ë`Ë'àÊ/º;Ñ/¼9º;½HÄwÓ`Ô`Ô`Ó'ì

½

èA¾¯Ü[ìDjìDJº;À¨Àúº;æ`¹X½@à'äãQÆQ~ßi¹XѾÁ»’Ä)̺;½‹Á»’Ä\äç¹XÚdÛäÆ/ǹX¾"àåÉæçê‡Û_Ø ÊÌËÄ ÇÇ

Ë#Í©ÈÓÏÍ Ä Ç Í Ä æÄQßÍ ÊÔb˔ÈÓÏÍ Ä Ø á%ÐÍ Êë àåÆ`À,ì-é’ÐÂË'àëëQì=Ó'ÎÕé$Ó`Ë'à²Êº;Ñ$¼º;½‹Ä

Î@Ù`Ï`Ó'ì

½

ÏA¾¯ðLì9¸9¼$»dº;Û/Á-º;ÑDŽÐpìpiç/»‹¾¼Û/Á,àäã*Æ©Âßi¹XѾÁ»’ÄCÌ=º;½Á»’Ä/ÂHäç¹XÚdÛ^Ý ã*ßiÌäÞ

äÆ$ǹXÇÖi¸=ßJ¿FÃ/Ä$¾‹»‹¹Xž"àåÁ¨Ñíì Ê Í ÍÐÕÐÕÅÏ«ÄÙ”Ç Í ß æMÛ²ÛÀÛjî Ø/ÆÁ ËÑfÑïððñ à

Ý Ê»‹Àúº;Ñ/»‹Á¨ÚjäÁ»’Ä/à9êJÃ$ÊJÞà'ëëQì<Ë`ÓQé$Ë`Ï'à<Ó`Ô`Ô'Î`ì

½

ØQ¾•Ã5쀿ì€ÊÀúº;ÅÆ`¼'»Á,à‘äÊ{Ã$Á¨ÅëÀ¨¹CÐ-½dº;Ѿ‹ÅÁ»ßiÁå¹X½¾‹Á»’ÄTÐ-¹XÚdçÑÁB/¼¹„á%Æ`½

Ë~Á¨½‹¹XÀ¨¹@¾‹¾äÆ`ÅÅj¼ÑÁ¨Ú@º »‹Á¨Æ`Ѿ"àåÉæçÛÀÛ²ÛóòÍÒ ÊÄFËÑ Í Ä.ÝÐQÑÐÉͩȗÐÅbÅ'ÊMÐÉ˔ǑϫÄ

ÆÍ ÔÖÔ Ò ÄpÏøÍÉ˔ÈÓÏÍ Ä Ç à<ëëQìQÎXÈè'ÎÕé<ÎXÈè`Ë'à'iÚ»‹Æ`Ò<¹@½[Î@Ù`Ù`Ë'ì

½

ËA¾ôÊìh×)ìäç$¼Ñ'æàpÃ5ì²ãjìâæ?º;Ñ'Çaã€ìðº;ÑñXÆàÉädÕ¼½¾H»‹Â’ÒÄ/’Ҽ½‹¾‹»Nº;Ç9º;ë'Â

»Á幔ÚXÆ/ǹXÇaÅÆ$Ç'¼Àúº »Á¨Æ`Ñ$º;Á¨Ç¹XÇzõHÆ`Á¨Ñ/»Cǹ»‹¹@Ú»‹Á¨Æ`Ñ'’Ò9º;¾‹¹XÇxäßi¿„Ê{á%Æ`½

Á¨½¹XÀ¨¹X¾¾Jå$Á¨Ç¹XÆC»‹¹@À¨¹Xëç'Æ`Ñ/Äàå”Á¨Ñ}æçÛÀÛ²Ûöî ÐCáÏ¿Í Ò ÑË”Ê Ø ÐºÍCáÄ Í Ñ Í Ùë ÆÍ Ä Ç

ßCÐkÊMÐQÄFÍÕÐ àQÝ ÕÁ¨½ÅÁ¨Ñæ`ç9º;ńà$êiÃ$ÊpÞdà9ëëQìSÎ@×'Î"Ø©é<Î@×`Ó'Î`àS¿^º@ÄCÓ`Ô`Ô`Ó'ì

½

ÙA¾ é’Ðê’ÐyܹXÚ`ì-ð[ìÓ`Ï;ã4Ö éHúpÖ é’îäRÎ`ÎXÈÙ`Ï ÂÎ@Ô'àœäÊiÇ'å;º;ÑÚX¹@ÇzíJÁ¨Ç¹XƄäÆ/Ç'Â

Á¨Ñæàå\Ã$¹Xë'»‹¹XÅ)Ò<¹X½iÓ`Ô`Ô`Ó'ì ½ Î@ÔA¾Nã€ì-ðº;ÑñXÆà-Ì4ìÊ9ì*äç¹X½½‹Á¨Å\º;єº;ÑÇÊì*Ã/»½‹¹X¹X»@à Î.Ï¿ÊMЩÑÐ©ÇºÇ î Ï«ÅÐ ÍVÆÀÍ Ô Ç Ô Ò ÄpÏøÍÉ˔ÈÓÏ Í Ä ÇC÷‡ÝÐÉÍ Í ÄÅ1È Í.Ø áÏ¿ÊMÅø ÐQÄÐkÊÌË#È+Ï Í ÄmÝë”ǺȗÐQԈÇ!ËÄÅíùœÐ©ë Í ÄÅ ì âKÊà<êiÃ$ʆÈé’î€îî̽¹X¾¾@ì¨àÓ`Ô`Ô'Î`ì ½ Î`ξC¿ìA×jì;ÊiÀ¨Áúº;¾@à;¸ì#Di¼Æà$Ã<ìãjì;âæà`Ðpìð[ì;ã*Á¨¹8º;Ñ'Ç)ã€ìðº;ÑñXÆàäã-ßiÌä º;ÑÇ?Ð-¼½‹Ò<ƔäÆ$ÇÁ¨Ñ'æ„Êi¾‹¾Á¨¾‹»‹¹XÇTÃ$ëº;Ú@¹Â,»‹Á¨Å¹\ÕÀ¨Æ/ÚdÛ1äÆ/ǹXÇ]i¸=ßJ¿àå

Á¨ÑUì ÊÍÍÕÐÕÐÅÏfÄÙ#Ç Íß æMÛ²ÛÀÛ¨î‡Ø/Æ ï%ððú»Ý#ÞFÊÏfÄÙ àSÝÓÊ`¹±õ‹¼Sà<ÍJÆ`½¹@ºÞdà<Ó`Ô`Ô`×'ì

½

Î@ÓA¾Cßjì%Ê9ìäiì¿^º;Ú@ÍpºXÄNº;ÑÇwÜpì'¿ìâ¹"º;À,à'ädâ¹@º;½Ã$çº;ÑÑÆ`ÑwãQÁ¨ÅÁ»Ì4¹X½‹á%Æ`½‹Â

Å\º;ÑÚX¹Æ;á5ã*ÆQBßi¹XѾ‹Á»’ÄL̺;½‹Á»’Ä)äç'¹@ÚÛäÆ/ǹX¾"àåíÛ ÑÐÉÍ©ÈøÊ Í ÄpϿͩÇhû™Ð©ÈÂÈÓЩÊèÇ à åÆ`À,ì<×`Ó'àë'ëQì*Î@Ï;ÈèQé<Î@Ï;ÈÏ'à5Êi¼æ`¼'¾‹»[Î@Ù`Ù`Ï'ì ½

Î@×A¾Nã€ì̀Á¨Ñ'æ[º;ÑÇ·Ë|ì/Í)ìãQ¹@¼'Ñæà-ädß¹@ÚXÆ/ÇÁ¨Ñæ[ã*Æ©aßi¹XѾ‹Á»’Ä)Ì=º;½‹Á»’Ä\äç¹XÚdÛ

äÆ$ǹX¾mÁ¨çB¸4Á¨ÑÁ»‹¹Éi¼º;Ñ/»‹Á¨ñ@º »Á¨Æ`ÑuÕÁ»‹¾"àågæMÛ²ÛÀÛ=ÆÀÍ ÔÖÔ Ò ÄpÏ¿ÍÉ˔ÈÓÏÍ Ä Ç

References

Related documents

A DTF Entry is included for each input or output file that is to be processed in the program: one to six tape files, one or more logical files on disk, and one file

Since all VNFs including Layer 2 MAC are only attached to NoC (network-attached functions) they are clearly decoupled from the high speed I/Os. This allows for a highly

3 Multiparous women with a single pregnancy in cephalic presentation, ≥37 weeks gestation, without a previous uterine scar in spontaneous labor.. 4 Multiparous women with a

Hunyadi et al EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing 2014, 2014 139 http //asp eurasipjournals com/content/2014/1/139 RESEARCH Open Access Block term decomposition for

In this paper, a parabolic trail orthonormal basis functions (PTOBF) method is proposed to detect the magnetic target effectively when the trajectory of the magnetic target is

Wavelet based method was put forth first by Meneveau(1993), that uses wavelet transform analysis for 3D velocity field, time dependent study in a turbulent flow.. With the help

Among them Adobe Flash, Microsoft Silverlight are the important software used for writing, running and executing rich internet applications (RIA).In this paper we mainly focused on

In addition, an enhanced algorithm is suggested by making necessary amendments in architecture to make whole encryption- decryption process secret key and plain-image