Intelligent Polling System Using GSM
Technology
Hemlata Sahu#1, Anupam Choudhray#2
Department of Electronics & Telecommunication
Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University, Raipur, Chattisgarh, India #1Asst. Professor GD Rungta college of engg. & technology,Bhilai, Chhattisgarh,India
#2Associate Professor, Rungta college of engg. & technology,Bhilai, Chhattisgarh,India
Abstract-
Voting is the foundation of a democratic system of government, whether the system uses direct or
representative governance. To increase the efficiency and accuracy of voting procedures, computerized
voting systems were developed to help collecting and counting the votes. For a variety of reasons, voters
may be unable to attend voting booths physically, but need to vote remotely, for example, from home or
while traveling abroad. Hence, there is great demand for remote voting procedures that are easy,
transparent, and, most importantly, secure. Numerous electronic voting schemes have been proposed in
the past, but most of them have failed to provide voter authentication in an efficient and transparent way.
On the other hand, GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) is the most widely used mobile
networking standard. In this paper, an polling scheme using GSM mobile technology is presented. By
integrating an electronic voting scheme with the GSM infrastructure.
Keyword: Global System For mobile Communication, Authentication, Mobility, Electronic voting systems,
mobile networking
I INTRODUCTION:
In the presidential election, the election of member of the national assembly, the head of local
government election, and others, a voter can cast vote after going to the designated polling place and checking
his identity. This makes man directly to count the ballots and counting of votes to be long. Especially, this
voting is a reason to reduce voting rate since voters always should go to the polling place. In an e voting by
touch screen, a voter directly selects
candidates or the vote content appeared on a screen as the finger. This voting with fast counting time has also a
problem that voters go to the polling place. In the meantime, an e-voting using internet has no inconvenience
that voters should visit the voting booth [2,8]. However, this voting is executed just in the environment with
internet accessible computer. In this paper, we proposes an e-voting system that allows a voter to be identified
using a wireless certificate without additionally registering when a user votes using his mobile terminal such as
a cellular phone.. We also present a method that ensures the anonymity of voter and the confidentiality of vote
content. By our mobile voting system, a voter can cast his vote more easily and conveniently than the existing
e-voting using internet, within the scheduled time period anywhere even when a voter is not able to access internet
on a voting day. Our proposal can be applied not only to presidential election but also to any votes such as a
national assembly election or a local election.
First 1952 61.02%
Second 1957 62.09%
Third 1962 55.42%
Fourth 1967 61.33%
Fifth 1971 55.29%
Sixth 1977 60.49%
Seventh 1980 56.92%
Eight 1984 63.56%
Ninth 1989 61.15%
Tenth 1991 56.93%
Eleventh 1998 61.97%
Twelfth 1999 59.99%
Thirteen 2004 57.65%
Here we can see that average voting rate is approximately 50 to 60 percentage
Consider the case if any one registered voter in his/her home state that is Goa, If he need to register
himself in Bangalore he need to prove that he is a resident there. However, he lives as a paying guest; he has no
proof of residence, so registering himself in Bangalore is not an option. Importantly he is not acquainted with
the political scenario there and so even if he had an opportunity to vote he would not know whom to vote for,
except make a choice along party lines, that too the national ones only, most of us people from outside the State
hardly know the regional parties. So in effect, he would be able to make the best choice if he was to vote in Goa.
Metropolitan cities consists of millions of people, from all parts of the country, a large majority of them
are a floating population like above case , working one state but with no political identity. Therefore, there is
need of remote voting system to increase the voting rate.
In an e voting by touch screen, a voter directly selects candidates or the vote content appeared on a
screen as the finger. This voting with fast counting time has also a problem that voters go to the polling place.
We want to propose a polling system that allows a voter to cast their vote using a unique mobile id. A
voter can cast their vote more easily and conveniently than the existing e-voting machine, within the scheduled
time anywhere even when a voter is not able to go to the polling place.
II EXISTING ELECTRONIC VOTING:
In the existing voting method to select a candidate in the election such as presidential election, the
assembly election, or local election, electorates go to the designated polling places and have to be identified to
cast their votes, and finally voters cast their ballot. For these purpose, voters should be in advance registered on
a poll book. So, a significant amount of time and cost are consumed by voting and counting of votes. In the
mean time, the most important security issue for on-line electronic voting using touch screen or internet is to
guarantee the anonymity of voter and the confidentiality of vote content [2,8]. The followings are requirements
* The relation between voter and vote content should not be revealed.
* The result of a poll should be retained as a secret before counting the ballot.
* A voter can cast his vote just one time.
* Only an identified person by an e-voting device can participate in e voting.
* Other people excepting a voter himself should not know the vote content.
* It is not permitted to rig the ballot.
An e-voting method using a touch screen, which allows a voter to select a candidate or an option, displayed on a
screen
has advantages in that a voter can cast his vote of his assigned polling place, but in this case, a voter is still
required to go to a polling booth to vote. As other e-voting method, a voter does not have to go to a polling place
if he uses internet and vote is permitted to internet user. However, internet-accessible terminals are always
required to vote and a voter can cast a vote in the just limited place which he can access internet. Especially,
private data like personal ID might be leaked in the course of accessing to the internet. This means that
anonymity of electronically voting over the internet is not satisfied. In addition, confidentiality of voting might
not be ensured if a candidate selection or a voting content is not encrypted.
Following desirable characteristics should exist in any good e-voting system
Accuracy: “A system is accurate if (1) it is not possible for a vote to be altered, (2) it is not possible for a
validated vote to be eliminated from the final tally, and (3) it is not possible for an invalid vote to be counted in
the final tally.”
Accuracy is one of the most important factors to any system. If the input is not correct, then the result
will not be correct; garbage in garbage out (GIGO). Not only should the system be accurate in counting votes
and maintaining the integrity of cast ballots, the system should be accurate in identifying voters.
Verifiability: “A system is verifiable if anyone can independently verify that all votes have been counted
correctly.”
The voter should be able to verify that their ballot is entered correctly and allow them to adjust their
vote if necessary. The process needs to verify the validity of the voter as well.
Democracy: “A system is democratic if (1) it permits only eligible voters to vote and (2) it ensures that each
eligible voter can vote only once.” This characteristic can be accomplished by incorporating accuracy and
verifiability. Currently, many counties require that voters vote in their own precinct so that they can sign their
name in the approved voter list. Some counties have implemented a database that tracks voters. A voter must
be able to show proof of their identity; the database is then updated, which prevents that voter from going to
another precinct and voting again.
Privacy: “A system is private if (1) neither election authorities nor anyone else can link any ballot to the voter
who cast it and (2) no voter can prove that he or she voted in a particular way.”
. “The second privacy factor is important for the prevention of vote buying and extortion. Voters can
only sell their votes if they are able to prove to the buyer that they actually voted according to the buyer’s
wishes.”
Convenience: “A system is convenient if it allows voters to cast their votes quickly, in one session, and with
participation and decreased time at the polls. If the system utilizes technology that society is already
comfortable using, voters will perceive the system to be more convenient.
Flexibility: “A system is flexible if it allows a variety of ballot question formats, including open ended
questions. Flexibility is important for write-in candidates and some survey questions.” This system is designed
for not only national elections, but also state and county elections, as well. The system should be able to accept
more than one method of input to accommodate both voters at the polls and absentee ballots.
Mobility: “A system is mobile if there are no restrictions (other than logistical ones) on the location from
which a voter can cast a vote.” Mobility in the system could allow voters the capability of voting anywhere
Internet access is available. This characteristic is better suited for an online e-voting system. However, the
designs of the physical machines need to be small enough to accommodate various polling locations where
space could be an issue.
Reliability: A system is reliable if it performs and maintains its functions continuously. Reliability in the system
requires that there be alternative methods should failure occur. For example, in the event of a power failure, the
system should have an uninterruptible power source or an alternative paper method. Many polls did not open on
time because of machines malfunctioning.
Consistency: A system is consistent if it operates efficiently at each location, in each situation, and the
functions perform exactly as designed. Each voting machine must be an exact duplicate of the other to ensure
consistency and quality control. This also increases usability, as the voting process does not vary between
locations, especially important for our mobile society. The implementation of national standards would
support the consistency requirement. Audit testing of the system would be easier because of consistency
between voting locations.
III INTELLIGENT POLLING SYSTEM
This system uses 89S52 microcontroller, which have dual serial communication facility, 16X2 dual line
LCD for massage display, and line converter MAX 232, GSM modem.
Operation of system
Each voter has unique mobile id, like a voter id, that identify the voter’s identity. Election committee
provides mobile id. The voter who uses mobile can caste their votes through GSM. In this purpose the
GSM MC MAX
232
LCD
When voter caste their votes on the Election Day, for this purpose voter send a message to GSM,
which contains voter’s mobile id and the candidate’s id which he wants to vote. GSM modem will receive the
votes, which is coming from voters mobile.
For example, a voter has id 033 he cast the vote for a candidate which serial id is 02 than he will send a
message to GSM modem that is (033 02 919981360643).
GSM modem will send receive message to the microcontroller. Microcontroller will keep the database
for all valid voters id. Microcontroller receive the message from a GSM modem and compare the voter id of the
message from its own database Basis of comparison it gives following conclusion This is valid voter id
If this is valid voter id than it checks that the any votes from this id is received or not if votes
from the same id is received by microcontroller than that is discarded by microcontroller and send
acknowledge massage “voting is already done”, return to voters mobile.
If vote received by voter id is first time than it checks the candidate id and increment the counter for candidate
those he votes. And send this vote to the personal computer. Microcontroller will send acknowledge massage
“successful voting” return back to voters mobile.
This is invalid voter id If this is invalid voter id than microcontroller
discard the vote, and send acknowledge message “unsuccessful voting”, return to voters mobile.
IV CONCLUSION
Our proposal enables a voter to cast his vote using a mobile phone without additionally registering
himself for voting in advance and going to a polling place. In addition, proxy vote or double voting is not
possible. Any entities except for an e-voting device cannot know the voting result. In this paper, our concern is
to present e-voting system using a mobile terminal and to explain its process. In which voter dose not need to
go to polling booth to cast their votes.
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