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www.harriswilliams.com
CONTENTS
DEAL SPOTLIGHT
WHAT WE’RE READING
M&A TRANSACTIONS – 1Q 2015
SOFTWARE M&A ACTIVITY
SOFTWARE SECTOR OVERVIEWS
SOFTWARE PRIVATE PLACEMENTS
OVERVIEW
SOFTWARE PUBLIC COMPARABLES
OVERVIEW
TECHNOLOGY IPO OVERVIEW
DEBT MARKET OVERVIEW
APPENDIX: PUBLIC COMPARABLES DETAIL
TMT CONTACTS
UNITED STATES
Jeff Bistrong
Managing Director
[email protected]
Sam Hendler
Managing Director
[email protected]
Mike Wilkins
Managing Director
[email protected]
EUROPE
Thierry Monjauze
Managing Director
[email protected]
TO SUBSCRIBE PLEASE EMAIL
[email protected]
HARRIS
WILLIAMS
& CO. OVERVIEW
HARRIS WILLIAMS & CO. (HW&CO.) GLOBAL ADVISORY PLATFORM
SOFTWARE / SAAS
Application Software
Data and Analytics
IT and Tech-Enabled
Services
Infrastructure Software
Telecom and Data Center
Solutions
INTERNET & DIGITAL MEDIA
AdTech and Marketing
Solutions
Digital Media and Content
Gaming
Consumer Internet
eCommerce
Mobile
HW&CO. TECHNOLOGY, MEDIA & TELECOM (TMT) GROUP INDUSTRY SECTORS
SELECT 2014 & 2015 HW&CO. TMT TRANSACTIONS
STRATEGICRELATIONSHIPS HW&Co. OFFICE
Accounting and Legal
Education
Energy and Infrastructure
Finance and Retail
Healthcare
Public Sector
TMT VERTICAL FOCUS AREAS
24+ year history with over
170 closed transactions in
the past 3 years
Approximately 230
professionals across eight
offices in the U.S. and Europe
Strategic relationships in
India and China
10 industry groups
KEY FACTS
has been acquired by has merged with has become a wholly owned subsidiary of has received a minority
Investment from has received a majority Investment from
has been acquired by has been acquired by has been acquired by has been acquired by has been acquired by
has acquired a majority interest in has been acquired by
PAGE | 2
DEAL
SPOTLIGHT
– ACCESS
TECHNOLOGY
GROUP
Leading provider of integrated business management software, including ERP, CRM,
business intelligence, supply chain management, and payroll/HR solutions for mid-sized
businesses in the U.K.
Access’s robust solution suite can be deployed in the cloud, in a hosted environment,
or on-premise
6,000+ customers spanning numerous industry verticals, including construction,
distribution, financial services, business services, manufacturing, non-profit, and
transportation
Access was founded in 1991, and is based in Colchester, U.K.
ABOUT ACCESS TECHNOLOGY GROUP
HW&Co. was retained by TA Associates to serve in an advisory capacity throughout the
process of TA Associates’ pursuit of Access Technology Group
HW&Co. was retained due to its deep ERP and business management software
expertise, including its strong knowledge of the European software landscape
HW&Co. worked with TA Associates to broker a pre-emptive approach, closing the
deal before a process was able to be launched
TA Associates plans to support Access in accelerating its growth both organically and
inorganically through acquisitions, building upon its commanding position in the
European market
has acquired a
majority interest in
HW&Co. served as the exclusive buy-side advisor to TA Associates on its acquisition of a majority
stake in Access Technology Group.
WHAT
WE’RE
READING
TECH BUBBLE? MAYBE, MAYBE NOT | MARCH 25, 2015
THE SOFTWARE THAT’S EATING MARKETING | MARCH 5, 2015
ENTERPRISE SOFTWARE SPEND TO REACH $620 BILLION IN 2015: FORRESTER | JANUARY 7, 2015
FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY IS DEAD; LONG LIVE FINTECH | MARCH 25, 2015
2014 HEALTH IT VENTURE FUNDS FLY HIGH | MARCH 23, 2105 | JANUARY 19, 2015
There are a number of indicators that support the case for a bubble, including the steadily increasing pre- and post-money valuations and high volume of late stage
investments, among others. However, other indicators differentiate today’s environment from that of the pre-bubble era in the early 2000s, such as lower aggregate volumes of
venture fundraising and slower IPO tracks for high-flying tech companies.
TechCrunch
Since 2008, global investment in financial technology startups has tripled to nearly $3 billion in 2014, and is projected to grow at an annual rate of 28% to $8 billion by 2018. With
technology costs falling, a new breed of insurgents has emerged to threaten Wall Street’s grip on the development of financial tools. Innovative technologies developed by
startups are rapidly replacing antiquated back- and middle-office solutions.
Institutional Investor
In 2011, Marc Andreessen famously opined for the Wall Street Journal that “software is eating the world.” His observation has proven true in many sectors of the economy, and
especially so in marketing. New solutions, such as Customer Data Platforms (“CDPs”), are proving to be powerful in their ability to help enterprises create a comprehensive view
of their prospects and customers by aggregating internal and external data. Marketers perform predictive analytics on the resulting database, and use the results to guide
marketing treatments across multiple channels.
Venture Beat
Venture capital funding in the healthcare IT sector more than doubled in 2014, increasing 113.6% from an aggregate deal value of $2.2 billion in 2013 to $4.7 billion in 2014.
Healthcare IT technologies such as mHealth apps, telehealth, rating and comparison shopping, data and analytics, and wearables are among the fastest growing solutions,
with 100%+ year-over-year growth.
Healthcare IT News
Forrester is predicting strong technology M&A activity in 2015, citing budget increases for technology CIOs of 4% – 6% and growth in global IT spend of 5.3%. Within the SaaS
sector, subscription revenue is expected to reach $106 billion by 2016, with over 20% growth in 2015 and 2016. Enterprise Process Applications comprise the majority of the SaaS
solutions available in the market today, while Desktop and Security Applications trail slightly behind.
ZDNet
AGTECH IS THE NEW QUEEN OF GREEN | APRIL 1, 2015
In only one year, agriculture technology (“AgTech”) has surpassed both FinTech and former “Queen of Green” sector CleanTech, in total invested capital, reaching $2.36
billion in 2014. AgTech growth began accelerating in 2013, largely due to three underlying trends: imbalance of supply and demand in agriculture, shifting consumer tastes,
and new hardware technologies automating multivariate collections of big data.
PAGE | 4
Insight Venture Partners’ take-private acquisition of E2open
E2open is a leading provider of cloud-based solutions for collaborative planning and execution across global trading networks,
providing real-time visibility and critical insights into some of the largest supply chains in the world.
Under Insight’s ownership, E2open will focus on long-term growth in order to further advance the company’s strategic goals and
build upon its leadership position in the market.
Under the terms of the agreement, E2open’s shareholders received $8.60 per share in cash, representing a 41% premium over
the company’s closing stock price on February 4, 2015.
Ent. Value: $250M
Revenue: $78M EV / Revenue: 3.2xEV / EBITDA: NM
Closed 3/25/15
M&A TRANSACTIONS
– 1Q 2015
4
Thoma Bravo’s acquisition of PowerPlan
PowerPlan is a global provider of financial management solutions that enable asset-centric organizations to optimize fixed-asset
performance.
Thoma Bravo plans to leverage its enterprise software experience to pursue multiple growth initiatives and strengthen
PowerPlan’s current product offerings.
JMI Equity and TPG Growth previously acquired PowerPlan in 2010 for $110 million, and grew the company organically to
become a leader in its space.
Closed 2/23/15
Ent. Value: NA
Revenue: NA EV / Revenue: NAEV / EBITDA: NA
Roper’s acquisition of SoftWriters
SoftWriters is a leading provider of business management software for long-term care (“LTC”) pharmacies, offering flexible and
customizable solutions designed specifically for the unique processes of closed door and specialty pharmacies.
With an established presence in the LTC pharmacy sector, both SoftWriters and Roper’s Managed Health Care Associates
business will enable customers to provide better care for the patients they serve.
Roper acquired Data Innovations alongside SoftWriters in order to further bolster Roper’s medical platform by working closely
with its Sunquest business.
Closed 2/9/15
Ent. Value: NA
Revenue: NA EV / Revenue: NAEV / EBITDA: NA
SS&C’s pending acquisition of Advent Software
Advent Software provides software and services that automate and integrate data and work flows for investment
management organizations globally.
The acquisition will provide SS&C with a 4,300+ customer base of investment fund managers, including hedge funds and family
offices, helping to rapidly scale SS&C’s current financial technology platform.
The acquisition is expected to generate nearly $45 million of cost synergies annually.
Ent. Value: $2.4BRevenue: $370M EV / Revenue: 6.4xEV / EBITDA: 24.8x
Announced 2/2/15
Vector Capital’s take-private acquisition of Saba Software
Saba Software provides SaaS-based intelligent talent management solutions used by leading organizations to hire, develop,
and engage their workforces.
As a return investor, Vector Capital will seek to build on its existing relationship with Saba to broaden its solution suite, further its
customer success programs, and continue to build upon the next stage of Saba’s growth and market leadership.
The transaction provides significant cash value for current investors while offering a broad range of support and resources to
Saba from Vector Capital.
Ent. Value: $270M
Revenue: NA EV / Revenue: NAEV / EBITDA: NA
Closed 3/31/15
HW&CO HW&CO
HW&CO HW&CO
5 8 5 5 9 1 7 8 4 7 7 10 12 8 5 5 3 5 5 7 5 8 9 9 7 5 9 2 8 5 28 9 6 4 6 10 4 4 3 1 3 1 2 1 5 1 1Q 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011
SOFTWARE
ACQUISITION
ACTIVITY
– STRATEGIC
ACQUIRERS
MOST ACTIVE STRATEGIC ACQUIRERS OF SOFTWARE ASSETS BY VOLUME
1, 2GLOBAL STRATEGIC ACQUIRER SOFTWARE M&A ACTIVITY BY VOLUME
2
The 10 most active strategic
software consolidators combined for
13 acquisitions in 1Q 2015.
In 1Q 2015, Microsoft was the most
active strategic software acquirer
with 5 completed acquisitions,
including Revolution Analytics and
Equivio, that support the company’s
strategy to acquire cloud solutions
for the Azure platform.
Google and IBM were also active in
1Q 2015, with 5 combined
acquisitions. Notable deals include
Google’s purchase of Nimbuz and
IBM’s acquisition of AlchemyAPI.
After two consecutive quarters of
decline, global strategic software
M&A rebounded in 1Q 2015 with
356 acquisitions, representing a 17%
increase over the prior quarter.
Large diversified technology
companies are consolidating
underpenetrated verticals as they
look to expand laterally in addition
to edging out emerging, disruptive
innovators in traditionally core
verticals.
377 375 364 361 330 372 357 408 310 343 325 316 318 371 343 305 356 1Q '11 2Q '11 3Q '11 4Q '11 1Q '12 2Q '12 3Q '12 4Q '12 1Q '13 2Q '13 3Q '13 4Q '13 1Q '14 2Q '14 3Q '14 4Q '14 1Q '15PAGE | 6
SOFTWARE
ACQUISITION
ACTIVITY
– PRIVATE
EQUITY
MOST ACTIVE PRIVATE EQUITY BUYERS OF NEW SOFTWARE PLATFORMS BY VOLUME
1, 2GLOBAL NEW PLATFORM PRIVATE EQUITY SOFTWARE M&A ACTIVITY BY VOLUME
2
Marlin Equity was the most active
private equity buyer of new
software platforms in 1Q 2015,
completing 2 acquisitions during the
quarter.
Despite a quiet 1Q 2015, Vista Equity
continues to be the most active
software investor, amassing 28
software platforms since 2011.
In 1Q 2015, take-privates are a
dominant theme among large
software deals, as evidenced by
Insight Venture Partners’ pending
acquisition of E2open and Vector
Capital’s acquisition of Saba
Software.
While private equity investment
activity in the software sector was
down in 1Q 2015, it was in line with
historical 1Q software M&A
volumes.
As profiled on page 17, debt
markets continue to be very
supportive of software buyouts,
driving private equity activity in the
sector.
2 2 2 2 1 3 4 1 9 6 2 2 3 1 3 2 2 7 3 6 2 4 5 3 1 3 10 6 2 6 4 5 3 4 5 3 1 1 1 1 2 1Q 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 37 38 60 33 39 49 40 43 37 38 48 42 43 32 49 46 41 1Q '11 2Q '11 3Q '11 4Q '11 1Q '12 2Q '12 3Q '12 4Q '12 1Q '13 2Q '13 3Q '13 4Q '13 1Q '14 2Q '14 3Q '14 4Q '14 1Q '15(1) This analysis compiles new software platform M&A transactions for the most active financial buyers from 2011 to 1Q 2015. (2) Non-control, private placement transactions were excluded from this analysis.
Pending Lexmark International Kofax Limited Capture and business process management software and related services. $955 3.2x Pending Visa Inc. TrialPay, Inc. Cross-platform monetization and stabilization solutions. NA NA Pending Stamps.com Inc. PSI Systems, Inc. Software that allow users to print postage and shipping labels. $215 3.6x Pending SS&C Technologies Holdings, Inc. Advent Software, Inc. Software for investment management organizations. $2,550 6.4x 03/25/15 Global Payments Inc. Realex Payments Payment platform that provides payment processing services. $125 NA 03/19/15 Vista Equity Partners Advanced Computer Software Group Healthcare and business software solutions. $1,114 3.3x 03/19/15 Nordic Capital Vizrt Ltd. Real-time 3D graphics, studio automation, sports analysis, and asset management tools. $318 2.3x 03/15/15 LDC; Scottish Equity Partners SSP Holdings Limited Software solutions for insurance and financial services industries. $305 NA 02/27/15 Apax Partners LLP Exact Holding NV Business management software solutions for SMBs. $722 3.4x 02/23/15 Thoma Bravo, LLC PowerPlan, Inc. Asset-centric accounting, tax, budgeting, and analytics software. NA NA 02/09/15 Roper SoftWriters, Inc. Pharmacy management solutions for institutional pharmacy providers. $220 10.2x 02/09/15 Centerbridge Partners, L.P. IPC Systems, Inc. Trading communication systems for the financial services industry. $1,200 NA 02/09/15 3D Systems Corporation Cimatron Ltd. Computer-aided design software solutions. $76 1.6x 02/04/15 Ansys, Inc. Newmerical Technologies In-flight icing simulation software to aerospace companies. NA NA 01/31/15 TA Associates Management, L.P. Access Technology Group Ltd. Business and accounting software for the middle market. $325 2.8x 01/31/15 HgCapital Allocate Software plc. Workforce optimization and compliance software application services. $145 2.3x 01/16/15 GI Partners, LLC Logibec Inc. Clinical and administrative information systemsfor the healthcare industry. $342 5.5x 01/12/15 Marlin Equity Partners, LLC Asentinel LLC Telecommunications lifecycle management software solutions. NA NA
$322 3.3x 1Q '1 1 2Q '1 1 3Q '1 1 4Q '1 1 1Q '1 2 2Q '1 2 3Q '1 2 4Q '1 2 1Q '1 3 2Q '1 3 3Q '1 3 4Q '1 3 1Q '1 4 2Q '1 4 3Q '1 4 4Q '1 4 1Q '1 5 1Q '1 1 2Q '1 1 3Q '1 1 4Q '1 1 1Q '1 2 2Q '1 2 3Q '1 2 4Q '1 2 1Q '1 3 2Q '1 3 3Q '1 3 4Q '1 3 1Q '1 4 2Q '1 4 3Q '1 4 4Q '1 4 1Q '1 5
APPLICATION
SOFTWARE
– M&A MARKET
SUMMARY
APPLICATION SOFTWARE M&A VOLUME
(GLOBAL)NOTABLE APPLICATION SOFTWARE M&A TRANSACTIONS
Application Software M&A is
off to a strong start in 2015,
with more than 260
transactions in 1Q 2015,
representing the most active
1Q since 2011.
After a steady rise in reported
median Application Software
M&A revenue multiples, 1Q
2015 experienced modest
decline.
Both strategics and private
equity investors continue to
exhibit a strong appetite for
Application Software
companies, and notably for
vertically-focused platforms.
The financial technology
vertical has been particularly
active with four notable
transactions which include
Visa / TrialPay, Global
Payments / Realex Payments,
Centerbridge Partners / IPC
Systems, and SS&C
Technologies / Advent
Software.
MEDIAN M&A REVENUE MULTIPLES
(REPORTED)1.7x 2.0x 1.8x 1.9x 1.2x 2.1x 2.4x 1.3x 1.4x 1.5x 1.6x 2.4x 2.7x 2.0x 2.5x 2.3x 1.9x 267 271 285 268 256 288 266 296 245 246 252 247 231 282 275 278 262 DATE
CLOSED ACQUIRER TARGET DESCRIPTION
ENTERPRISE
VALUE(MM) MREVENUEULTIPLE
CONFIDENTIAL
.
CONFIDENTIAL
MEDIAN
PAGE | 8
03/30/15 Vector Capital Saba Software, Inc. SaaS intelligent talent management solution for organizations. $270 NA 03/25/15 Insight Venture Partners E2open, Inc. Cloud-based supply chain management and optimization solutions. $250 3.2x 03/11/15 Kennet Partners Limited TreeHouse Interactive, Inc. SaaS CRM solutions for marketers and partner program managers. NA NA 03/02/15 Deltek, Inc. HRsmart, Inc. SaaS human resources and talent management software solutions. NA NA 02/16/15 Infosys Ltd. Panaya Ltd. SaaS quality management solutions for enterprise applications. $200 NA 02/10/15 Coupa Software Incorporated ZenPurchase, Inc. On-demand collaborative B2B purchasing platform for large organizations. NA NA 02/10/15 CVC Capital Partners Limited Wireless Logic Limited M2M managed services and software for system integrators and application providers. NA NA 02/06/15 Battery Ventures Enviance, Inc. Cloud-based environmental enterprise resource planning software. NA NA 01/27/15 Bridgepoint Advisers Limited eFront S.A. Web-based software solutions for the financial industry. $341 4.1x 01/16/15 Sierra Wireless Inc. Wireless Maingate AB M2M communication solutions for connecting assets, devices, or machines. $90 NA 01/12/15 Demandware, Inc. Tomax Corporation Cloud-based software solutions for retailers. $75 NA 01/09/15 Dealertrack Technologies, Inc. Incadea Plc Enterprise software solutions to the automotive retail and wholesale markets. $202 3.7x 01/05/15 EnerNOC, Inc. World Energy Solutions, Inc. SaaS-based energy management solutions. $77 2.0x 01/05/15 Aveva Group plc 8over8 Limited SaaS lifecycle contract management software solutions. $41 NA 11/30/14 Bertelsmann SE & Co. Relias Learning, LLC SaaS E-learning services on clinical, recovery, and compliance topics. $540 NA 11/25/14 Aetna Inc. bswift, LLC Online benefits, HR, and payroll administration solutions. $400 NA 11/18/14 Cox Automotive Xtime Inc. Cloud-based scheduling and CRM solutions. $325 NA
$226 3.5x 2.7x 6.0x 2.4x 4.5x 3.3x 8.8x 2.8x 6.0x 5.0x 5.0x 3.4x 6.7x 6.1x 3.1x 4.0x 3.3x 4.3x 34 35 38 39 43 38 42 55 38 49 47 45 46 59 55 52 52
SAAS – M&A MARKET
SUMMARY
SAAS M&A VOLUME
(GLOBAL)NOTABLE SAAS M&A TRANSACTIONS
SaaS M&A activity in 1Q 2015
remained in line with the prior
quarter and continues to
exhibit broader upward trends
since 2011.
In 1Q 2015, public SaaS
companies such as E2open
and Saba Software returned
to private markets after 3
years and 5 years since their
IPOs, respectively.
The M2M software sector
remained active in 1Q 2015, as
evidenced by CVC Capital’s
acquisition of Wireless Logic
and Sierra Wireless’ acquisition
of Wireless Maingate.
MEDIAN
DATE
CLOSED ACQUIRER TARGET DESCRIPTION
ENTERPRISE
VALUE(MM) MREVENUEULTIPLE
MEDIAN M&A REVENUE MULTIPLES
(REPORTED)1Q '1 1 2Q '1 1 3Q '1 1 4Q '1 1 1Q '1 2 2Q '1 2 3Q '1 2 4Q '1 2 1Q '1 3 2Q '1 3 3Q '1 3 4Q '1 3 1Q '1 4 2Q '1 4 3Q '1 4 4Q '1 4 1Q '1 5 1Q '1 1 2Q '1 1 3Q '1 1 4Q '1 1 1Q '1 2 2Q '1 2 3Q '1 2 4Q '1 2 1Q '1 3 2Q '1 3 3Q '1 3 4Q '1 3 1Q '1 4 2Q '1 4 3Q '1 4 4Q '1 4 1Q '1 5
Pending Verisk Analytics, Inc. Wood Mackenzie Ltd Research and consulting commercial intelligence platform. $2,790 8.1x Pending Hitachi Data Systems Corporation Pentaho Corporation Data integration and business analytics platforms. NA NA Pending First Derivatives plc Kx Systems, Inc. Database platform for processing real-time and historical data. $124 9.4x Pending Aval Data Corporation Fixstars Corporation Application development tools for big data analysis. $177 7.0x Pending Cavendish Square Holding B.V. comScore, Inc. Digital media analytics products and services. $1,558 4.7x Pending Microsoft Corporation Revolution Analytics, Inc. Software and support for the open source statistical computing language. NA NA 04/08/15 Harman International Industries Symphony Teleca Corp. Enterprise software, mobile, big data and analytic, and integrated solutions. $780 2.1x 04/01/15 Maximus Federal Services, Inc. Acentia, LLC DaaS management solutions to healthcare, financial, and regulatory markets. $301 NA 03/18/15 AppNexus Inc. Yieldex, Inc. Advertisement forecasting, analytics, and trading tools. $100 NA 02/26/15 Engility Holdings, Inc. TASC, Inc. Big-data cybersecurity and counterintelligence solutions. $1,100 NA 01/28/15 Capita plc Constructionline Online database that enables buyers to source pre-qualified construction resources. $53 3.8x 01/23/15 Roper Industries, Inc. Strata Decision Technology, L.L.C. Cloud solutions for financial analytics, business intelligence, and decision support needs. NA NA 01/15/15 Open Text Corporation Actuate Corporation Enterprise software for business intelligence and performance manaegment. $249 2.3x 01/12/15 Symantec Corporation Narus, Inc. Cyber security data analytics solutions for enterprises, carriers, and governments. NA NA 01/05/15 Dun & Bradstreet Corp. NetProspex, Inc. Cloud-based data management solutions. $125 NA 12/31/14 The Carlyle Group Dealogic (Holdings) plc Technology, content, and support for investment banks. $503 3.6x 12/23/14 Trimble Navigation Limited IRON Solutions, Inc. On-demand business intelligence and technology services. NA NA
$275 4.2x 91 70 72 76 63 82 73 74 64 71 73 64 68 72 77 94 77 1.2x 1.6x 1.3x 1.4x 3.3x 1.6x 0.9x 1.8x 1.1x 0.9x 1.4x 0.7x 3.0x 2.7x 2.7x 2.3x 3.1x
DATA AND
ANALYTICS
– M&A MARKET
SUMMARY
DATA AND ANALYTICS M&A VOLUME
(GLOBAL)NOTABLE DATA AND ANALYTICS M&A TRANSACTIONS
After a strong 4Q 2014, Data
and Analytics M&A volume
returned to prior levels in 1Q
2015.
Median reported Data and
Analytics sector transaction
revenue multiples continued in
line with the last four quarters.
Vertically-focused strategic
software buyers actively
pursued Data and Analytics
companies in 1Q 2015, seeking
to distinguish themselves in
highly competitive and
evolving markets.
Microsoft’s acquisition of
Revolution Analytics and
AppNexus’ purchase of
Yieldex exemplify the rising
demand for predictive
analytics and business
intelligence solutions by
strategic acquirers.
MEDIAN
DATE
CLOSED ACQUIRER TARGET DESCRIPTION
ENTERPRISE
VALUE(MM) MREVENUEULTIPLE
MEDIAN M&A REVENUE MULTIPLES
(REPORTED)1Q '1 1 2Q '1 1 3Q '1 1 4Q '1 1 1Q '1 2 2Q '1 2 3Q '1 2 4Q '1 2 1Q '1 3 2Q '1 3 3Q '1 3 4Q '1 3 1Q '1 4 2Q '1 4 3Q '1 4 4Q '1 4 1Q '1 5 1Q '1 1 2Q '1 1 3Q '1 1 4Q '1 1 1Q '1 2 2Q '1 2 3Q '1 2 4Q '1 2 1Q '1 3 2Q '1 3 3Q '1 3 4Q '1 3 1Q '1 4 2Q '1 4 3Q '1 4 4Q '1 4 1Q '1 5
PAGE | 10
Pending Thoma Bravo; Ontario Teacher's Riverbed Technologies Application performance infrastructure solutions. $3,866 3.2x Pending NCC Group plc. Accumuli plc IT infrastructure solutions and services. $73 2.5x Pending Bain Capital, LLC Blue Coat Systems Inc. Web security and WAN optimization solutions. $2,400 NA Pending Mitel U.S. Holdings, Inc. Mavenir Systems, Inc. Software-based telecommunications networking solutions. $492 3.8x Pending Proofpoint, Inc. Emerging Threats Pro, Inc. Cloud-based security software provider. $40 NA 03/27/15 TeraGo Networks Inc. RackForce Networks Inc. VMware-based hybrid cloud and hosting services. $26 NA 02/23/15 Zayo Group, LLC Latisys Holdings, LLC Colocation and infrastructure as a service (IaaS). $675 NA 02/03/15 VMware, Inc. Immidio B.V. Point solutions to solve challenges encountered with virtualization technologies. NA NA 01/29/15 SolarWinds, Inc. Librato, Inc. Solutions to visualize, analyze, alert, and store metrics that impact businesses. $40 NA 01/20/15 Microsoft Corporation Equivio Ltd. Software solutions that manage data redundancy in content-centric business processes. NA NA 01/08/15 Gemalto NV SafeNet, Inc. Data protection and software monetization solutions. $890 NA 01/02/15 Belden Inc. Tripwire, Inc. Configuration audit and control management software. $710 NA 12/15/14 Thoma Bravo, LLC Compuware Corporation Software solutions and application practices for information technology organizations. $2,091 2.9x 12/02/14 Progress Software Corporation Telerik AD User interface tools and cloud services for the application development lifecycle. $263 4.4x 12/01/14 Sphere 3D Corporation Overland Storage Inc. Unified data management and data protection solutions. $60 0.8x 11/20/14 Micro Focus International plc The Attachmate Group, Inc. Enterprise software solutions to manage and secure complex IT environments. $2,302 2.5x 10/01/14 Veritas Capital BeyondTrust Software, Inc. Privileged account management and vulnerability management software. $310 NA
$492 2.9x 60 80 69 69 49 58 55 67 38 61 56 55 52 48 56 50 38 1.3x 2.3x 3.1x 4.8x 4.8x 1.8x 2.3x 2.8x 0.6x 1.8x 1.3x 4.0x 2.0x 2.5x 2.8x 2.7x 2.2x
INFRASTRUCTURE
SOFTWARE
– M&A MARKET
SUMMARY
INFRASTRUCTURE SOFTWARE M&A VOLUME
(GLOBAL)NOTABLE INFRASTRUCTURE SOFTWARE M&A TRANSACTIONS
In 1Q 2015, Infrastructure
Software M&A volume
decreased to its lowest level
since 1Q 2013.
Infrastructure software median
M&A revenue multiples
continue to show longer-term
upward trends following a
significant contraction in 1Q
2013.
Private equity investors,
specifically Thoma Bravo and
Bain Capital, continue to show
strong interest in the
Infrastructure Software sector
as demonstrated by their
notable acquisitions of
Riverbed Technologies and
Blue Coat Systems,
respectively.
MEDIAN
DATE
CLOSED ACQUIRER TARGET DESCRIPTION
ENTERPRISE
VALUE(MM) MREVENUEULTIPLE
MEDIAN M&A REVENUE MULTIPLES
(REPORTED)1Q '1 1 2Q '1 1 3Q '1 1 4Q '1 1 1Q '1 2 2Q '1 2 3Q '1 2 4Q '1 2 1Q '1 3 2Q '1 3 3Q '1 3 4Q '1 3 1Q '1 4 2Q '1 4 3Q '1 4 4Q '1 4 1Q '1 5 1Q '1 1 2Q '1 1 3Q '1 1 4Q '1 1 1Q '1 2 2Q '1 2 3Q '1 2 4Q '1 2 1Q '1 3 2Q '1 3 3Q '1 3 4Q '1 3 1Q '1 4 2Q '1 4 3Q '1 4 4Q '1 4 1Q '1 5
3% 3% 2% 3% 6% 4% 4% 6% 4% 5% 6% 6% 4% 3% 3% 3% 4% 26% 24% 27% 21% 28% 22% 22% 19% 36% 34% 25% 33% 19% 17% 22% 13% 18% 27% 29% 28% 28% 23% 20% 17% 31% 23% 28% 30% 22% 34% 30% 28% 46% 31% 21% 23% 15% 24% 18% 27% 23% 18% 13% 11% 15% 14% 21% 24% 16% 24% 21% 22% 21% 29% 23% 25% 27% 34% 26% 25% 21% 24% 25% 22% 26% 31% 14% 26% 1Q-11 2Q-11 3Q-11 4Q-11 1Q-12 2Q-12 3Q-12 4Q-12 1Q-13 2Q-13 3Q-13 4Q-13 1Q-14 2Q-14 3Q-14 4Q-14 1Q-15 Seed Series A Series B Series C Series D / or later
In 1Q 2015, total private
placement volume and
capital raised
experienced modest
growth over the prior
quarter.
Total capital raised by
software companies
reached record-high
levels for the second
consecutive quarter with
$9.6 billion of reported
capital invested.
PRIVATE
PLACEMENT
ACTIVITY
BY
SOFTWARE
SECTOR
In 1Q 2015, 47% of private
capital raised was
deployed in late stage
rounds (Series C / or later),
up from 38% in the prior
quarter, though within the
range of historical norms.
654 693 641 719 710 752 749 960 807 913 929 924 905 948 945 839 853 $0 $2,000 $4,000 $6,000 $8,000 $10,000 $12,000 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1Q-11 2Q-11 3Q-11 4Q-11 1Q-12 2Q-12 3Q-12 4Q-12 1Q-13 2Q-13 3Q-13 4Q-13 1Q-14 2Q-14 3Q-14 4Q-14 1Q-15 $ in T ho us a nd s V o lu m e
Application Software SaaS Data & Analytics Infrastructure Software Total New Capital (Reported)
PRIVATE PLACEMENTS BY SOFTWARE SUB-SECTOR AND NEW CAPITAL RAISED
PAGE | 12
SELECT
RECENT
SOFTWARE
PRIVATE
PLACEMENTS
ROUND INVESTORS (CURRENT ROUND) DESCRIPTION
COMPANY
DATE SECTOR SIZE ($M)ROUND RAISED TOTAL
($M)
03/25/2015 SaaS Late
Stage $110 $215 Technology Crossov er Ventures, Salesforce Ventures
Prov ider of SaaS enterprise resource planning solutions for mid-market customers.
03/19/2015 Application
Software B $40 $58
Blumberg Capital, General Catalyst Partners, Khosla Ventures, Nyca Partners
Prov ider of automated factoring solutions for small and medium sized businesses.
03/18/2015 SaaS Late
Stage $90 $226
Hummer Winblad Venture Partners, Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, Polaris Partners, U.S. Venture Partners, Microsoft Ventures, Zetta Venture Partners, Salesforce Ventures
Prov ider of a cloud-based sales acceleration platform.
03/12/2015 Data &
Analytics D $70 $152
Norwest Venture Partners, Sequoia Capital, EPIC Ventures, Kaiser Permanente, Sorenson Capital, Sands Capital, Tenaya Capital, Partners Innov ation Fund, CHV Capital, Leav itt Equity
Dev elops and deliv ers healthcare data warehousing and process improv ement solutions for healthcare organizations and health systems.
02/24/2015 Infrastructure
Software A $20 $22 IDG Ventures, Ignition Partners
Prov ides connectiv ity solutions for critical infrastructure, industrial control systems, and the Industrial Internet of Things applications.
02/18/2015 SaaS C $100 $116 Francisco Partners Management LLC
Prov ider of a SaaS-based workflow and forms application suite and a business process application platform.
02/03/2015 SaaS Early
Stage $125 $125 ICONIQ Capital, LLC
Dev elops Web-based e-discov ery applications for managing large v olumes of electronic ev idence during litigation or inv estigations.
01/31/2015 Application
Software B $20 $29 CRV, Andreessen Horowitz
Monitoring platform for modern applications that enables an interactiv e, system-wide v iew of applications and infrastructure.
01/30/2015 Infrastructure
Software
Late
Stage $27 $65
NewSpring Capital, LLR Partners Inc., Hercules Technology Growth Capital, Inc.
Prov ides cloud and on-premise based email infrastructure deliv ery software solutions and serv ices.
01/29/2015 Infrastructure
Software C $80 $110
Index Ventures, QUALCOMM Ventures, PT Smartfren Telecom Tbk, PremjiInv est, Telefónica Ventures, Access Industries, Twitter Ventures
Prov ides a customized, aftermarket firmware distribution solution for Android dev ices.
01/26/2015 Data &
Analytics B $11 $19
New Enterprise Associates, Renren Inc., AME Cloud Ventures, Visionnaire Ventures
Prov ides a real-time gov ernment analysis platform that enables users to gather all data on specific legislation, prov iding a summary and sentiment analysis. 12/19/2014 SaaS B $18 $30 Emergence Capital Partners, Shasta Ventures, Salesforce
Ventures
Prov ides a Saas-based unified digital banking solution for retail and business users.
PUBLIC
SOFTWARE
VALUATION
MULTIPLES BY
SECTOR
EBITDA MULTIPLE ANALYSIS 1Q 2014 VS. 1Q 2015
2.3x 3.7x 3.9x 11.1x 4.9x 3.2x 6.4x 1.7x 5.4x 3.7x 4.7x 10.3x 7.4x 3.1x 2.7x 6.9x 3.5x 2.6x 3.5x 4.0x 9.4x 5.6x 3.3x 6.0x 1.7x 5.3x 3.0x 4.4x 9.4x 5.7x 3.7x 2.7x 7.2x 3.8x
1Q '14
1Q '15
9.2x 17.2x 13.7x 64.6x 24.0x 15.3x 23.6x 17.0x 15.4x 25.0x 18.4x 70.0x 61.1x 16.8x 10.5x 11.6x 18.8x 8.1x 24.2x 14.4x 75.2x 28.6x 16.2x 26.2x 14.2x 15.9x 24.7x 26.5x 68.9x 67.0x 22.7x 13.3x 12.4x 15.9x1Q '14
1Q '15
REVENUE MULTIPLE ANALYSIS 1Q 2014 VS. 1Q 2015
STOCK PERFORMANCE (1- & 3-YEAR)
Bellwethers Energy Financial HCIT Public Sector Communication Enterprise HCM Marketing PLM & Design SCM Large-Cap SaaS Small-Cap SaaS Data & Analytics
IT Security Network Management
Data Storage
Note: Large-Cap SaaS companies have market capitalizations greater than $2.0bn, while Small-Cap SaaS companies have market capitalizations less than $2.0bn. ( 0.8%) 4.4% 8.2% ( 10.4%) 1.3% 15.8% 0.5% ( 42.8%) 25.3% ( 16.0%) 42.3% ( 4.9%) ( 15.3%) 21.6% 4.0% 19.1% 17.5% 26.0% ( 19.6%) 42.9% 32.3% 45.3% 47.5% 73.1% ( 22.2%) 84.8% 19.5% 45.5% 78.7% 45.6% 20.9% 7.4% 26.4%
PAGE | 14
`
28%
51%
─
91%
35%
─
24%
24%
8%
67%
31%
─
16%
9%
22%
80%
35%
─
12%
15%
11%
─
29%
61%
25%
17%
─
79%
18%
─
21%
32%
─
81%
58%
─
10%
8%
30%
73%
12%
─
14%
13%
16%
90%
90%
63%
7%
6%
27%
26%
60%
15%
12%
13%
25%
32%
7%
12%
11%
17%
7%
96%
─
─
13%
11%
10%
81%
13%
─
5%
5%
21%
42%
43%
68%
14%
17%
15%
68%
55%
29%
12%
─
11%
49%
─
─
1%
─
33%
69%
75%
69%
10%
1%
6%
45%
56%
7%
KEY
METRICS BY
SECTOR
– COMPARABLE
PUBLIC
SOFTWARE
COMPANIES
9.4x
9.4x
7.2x
6.0x
5.7x
5.6x
5.3x
4.4x
4.0x
3.8x
3.7x
3.5x
3.3x
3.0x
2.7x
2.6x
1.7x
HCM
Large-Cap SaaS
IT Security
SCM
Small-Cap SaaS
Marketing
Financial
Public Sector
Enterprise
Network Mgmt
Data & Analytics
Communication
PLM & Design
HCIT
Data Storage
Bellwethers
Energy
EV / LTM REVENUE MULTIPLE NTM REVENUE GROWTH NTM EBITDA GROWTH LTM EBITDA MARGIN
Note: Large-Cap SaaS companies have market capitalizations greater than $2.0bn, while Small-Cap SaaS companies have market capitalizations less than $2.0bn. NTM revenue and EBITDA consensus estimates are as of March 31, 2015.
NTM REVENUE GROWTH NTM EBITDA GROWTH LTM EBITDA MARGIN
9 18 5 8 12 9 7 9 6 16 13 13 11 18 7 11 4 1Q-11 2Q-11 3Q-11 4Q-11 1Q-12 2Q-12 3Q-12 4Q-12 1Q-13 2Q-13 3Q-13 4Q-13 1Q-14 2Q-14 3Q-14 4Q-14 1Q-15 $0 - 50M $50 - 100M $100 - 250M $250M +
SUMMARY OF
TECHNOLOGY
IPOS
Technology IPO activity slowed in 1Q 2015,
with only 4 public offerings.
Nearly 50% of technology IPOs over the past
year received $1 billion valuations at
offering.
54% of tech companies generated 75%+
annual revenue growth leading up to their
IPOs.
MARKET CAP AT IPO (LTM)
REVENUE GROWTH (1YR PRIOR TO IPO)
OFFERING SIZE AT IPO (LTM)
RECENT U.S. IPO ACTIVITY (BY OFFERING SIZE)
16%
30%
54%
< 25%
25 - 75%
> 75%
10%
28%
15%
48%
$0-50M
$50-500M
$500M-$1B
$1B+
15%
28%
38%
20%
$0 - 50M
$50 - 100M
$100 - 250M
$250M +
Note: Analysis includes all technology IPOs on U.S. exchanges.
PAGE | 16
(1) Revenue growth based on LTM prior to March 31, 2015.
(2) Represents the percentage change in stock price from IPO date to March 31, 2015.
5/14/14 6/11/14 6/25/14 7/17/14 7/18/14 7/31/14 10/8/14 11/5/14 12/11/14 12/11/14 12/11/14 12/11/14 1/22/15 2/11/15 3/5/15 $9.0 $9.0 $15.0 $10.0 $7.0 $25.0 $25.0 $12.0 $16.0 $23.0 $8.0 $14.0 $14.0 $27.0 $11.5 $100.0 $100.0 $77.5 $58.5 $71.9 $889.7 $125.0 $46.2 $100.0 $115.0 $53.1 $100.8 $175.0 $600.0 $74.8 152.1% 2.9% (6.7%) 110.6% 97.4% 68.1% 59.6% (41.6%) 49.0% 50.9% 29.4% 2.9% 41.1% 11.9% (16.7%)
Circle Size Denotes Revenue ($)
% Rev enu e G row th 1 33.9% 20.1% 4.5% 93.5% (16.0%) (44.7%) (27.6%) 21.5% 75.3% 94.8% 11.9% (29.4%) (9.4%) (12.8%) (26.3%) St oc k Per for m a nce 2
KEY
PERFORMANCE
METRICS FOR
RECENT
SOFTWARE
IPOS
IPO DATE OFFERPRICE OFFERINGSIZE($M) OFFER TOCURRENT 152.1% 2.9% (6.7%) 110.6% 97.4% 68.1% 59.6% (41.6%) 49.0% 50.9% 29.4% 2.9% 41.1% 11.9% (16.7%) (250.0%) (200.0%) (150.0%) (100.0%) (50.0%) 0.0% 50.0% 100.0% 150.0% 200.0% 250.0% 152.1% 2.9% (6.7%) 110.6% 97.4% 68.1% 59.6% (41.6%) 49.0% 50.9% 29.4% 2.9% 41.1% 11.9% (16.7%) 76.3% 25.3% 36.4% 26.1% 99.7% 76.8% 49.3% 56.8% 71.8% 82.2% 45.0% 32.3% 74.3% 22.2% 61.1% (50.0%) (25.0%) 0.0% 25.0% 50.0% 75.0% 100.0% 125.0% 150.0%
13.0% 3.6% 3.9% 3.9% 4.5% 8.3% 9.6% 24.1% 29.1% Other Automotive Telecom Equipment Manufacturing & Machinery Environmental Healthcare Chemicals Technology
Services & Leasing 53.8%
14.8% 12.9% 12.4% 3.8% 1.4% 0.6% 0.3% LBO Refinancing Recap/Dividend Acquisition Merger Recap/Equity Infusion Corp Purpose Other
LBO LOAN VOLUME BY INDUSTRY
SPONSORED LOAN VOLUME BY PURPOSE
DEBT
MARKET
OVERVIEW
MIDDLE MARKET LBO LOAN MULTIPLES
MIDDLE MARKET LOAN VOLUME
2014 Volume: $6.1 Billion
2014 Volume: $11.3 Billion
$3.1B $4.9B $4.7B $3.B $1.7B $2.B $2.6B $2.6B $3.B $3.4B$3.5B $2.7B $3.8B $2.5B $3.9B $5.2B $3.4B 4Q10 1Q11 2Q11 3Q11 4Q11 1Q12 2Q12 3Q12 4Q12 1Q13 2Q13 3Q13 4Q13 1Q14 2Q14 3Q14 4Q14
Institutional Pro Rata
4.9x 4.8x 4.1x 4.0x 3.4x 3.8x 3.8x 4.3x 4.7x 4.7x 5.6x 4.5x 3.3x 4.2x 4.3x 4.5x 4.8x 5.3x 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
FLD/EBITDA SLD/EBITDA Other Sr Debt/EBITDA Sub Debt/EBITDA
Debt markets
continued to
strengthen in 2014.
In 2014, average
middle market LBO
debt multiples
reached their highest
levels since 2007.
In 2014, technology
companies were the
second largest
recipients of LBO
loans, signifying strong
appetite for new
platform investments.
LBOs and refinancings
represented nearly
70% of all loans
originated in 2014.
PAGE | 18
SAMPLE
HW&CO. TMT TRANSACTIONS
has received a majority investment from
M
ARKETINGA
NALYTICS Sampling, data collection, and data analytic solutionshas been acquired by
E
NTERPRISES
OFTWARE SaaS-based giving and employee engagement solutionshas become a wholly owned subsidiary of
E
NERGYT
ECHNOLOGY Solar inverters supported by leading software has been acquired byH
EALTHCARET
ECHNOLOGY SaaS-based revenue-cycle management solutionshas been acquired by
F
INANCIALT
ECHNOLOGYSpecialized payroll solutions for the
entertainment industry
has been acquired by
I
NFRASTRUCTURES
OFTWAREData center software solutions
for IT automation has been acquired by
E
DUCATIONT
ECHNOLOGY SaaS-based healthcare compliance traininghas been acquired by
H
EALTHCARET
ECHNOLOGYOperating software for
long-term care pharmacies
has been acquired by
E
NTERPRISES
OFTWAREERP and e-commerce
software
has been acquired by
E
C
OMMERCER
ETAIL Discount eCommerce retailer of clothing and apparelhas been acquired by
H
EALTHCARET
ECHNOLOGYSaaS-based clinical guidelines software solutions
has received a significant equity investment from
E
NTERPRISES
OFTWARE SaaS-based parking management software solutionshas received a significant equity investment from
M
OBILEI
NTERNETMobile monetization solutions for emerging markets has been acquired by
F
INANCIALT
ECHNOLOGY Transaction processing and payment software solutionshas been acquired by
E
DUCATIONT
ECHNOLOGYSaaS-based training solutions
for senior care employees has acquired a majority interest in
E
NTERPRISES
OFTWARE Business management and accounting softwarehas been acquired by
H
EALTHCARET
ECHNOLOGYMedical claims processing software solutions
has merged with
S
UPPLYC
HAINS
OFTWARE Cloud-based supply chain management solutionshas been acquired by
H
EALTHCARET
ECHNOLOGYSaaS-based software for the post-acute care
industry has been acquired by
I
NFRASTRUCTURES
OFTWARE ITOM, business intelligence, and security software solutionshas been acquired by
H
EALTHCARET
ECHNOLOGYRegulatory process management solutions for life sciences industry has been acquired by
H
EALTHCARET
ECHNOLOGY Cloud-based Medical data archiving and storage solutionshas been acquired by
F
INANCIALT
ECHNOLOGY Property tax collection, valuation and ancillary solutions has received a significantequity investment from
E
NTERPRISES
OFTWAREERP and e-commerce
software
has received a significant equity investment from
H
EALTHCARET
ECHNOLOGYMedical claims processing software solutions
has received a minority investment from has been acquired by
H
EALTHCARET
ECHNOLOGY Clinical and administrative HCIT systemsE
NERGYT
ECHNOLOGY SaaS-based energy service management solutionsPlease contact us regarding our experience in any TMT sector.
APPENDIX: SOFTWARE
SECTOR
PUBLIC
COMPANY
UNIVERSE
SA
A
S
H
O
RI
ZO
N
TA
L
IN
FRA
SOF
TW
A
RE
VE
RTI
C
A
L
Software Bellwethers Google Microsoft Oracle IBM Intel Cisco SAP HP EMC
Communication Software Nuance NICE Synchronoss NeuStar BroadSoft MobileIron Tangoe
Enterprise Software Oracle IBM SAP Adobe Intuit Sage Open Text TOTVS Progress IFS Human Capital Management (HCM) Workday Ultimate SW Paycom Cornerstone Paylocity ClickSoftware Halogen
Marketing Software Salesforce HubSpot CTCT Marketo Callidus Bazaarv oice
PLM & Design Software Dassault Autodesk Ansys Synopsys Cadence PTC Mentor Graphics
Supply Chain Management (SCM) Manhattan Aspen Tech Fleetmatics Descartes SPS SciQuest American Amber Road Speed Comm.
Energy Software Av ev a OPOWER Silv er Spring EnerNOC PSI
Financial Software Fiserv SS&C Solera Jack Henry Oracle Financial DH Corp. Ev estnet Bottomline Q2
Healthcare IT (HCIT) Cerner athenahealth Veev a Medidata Allscripts HMS MedAssets Quality Systems CPSI Impriv ata Public Sector Software Constellation Tyler Tech Blackbaud NIC K12
Large-Cap SaaS (≥ $2Bn Mkt Cap) Salesforce Workday NetSuite Ultimate athenahealth Guidewire Solera Veev a Medidata Xero Large-Cap SaaS (cont'd) Proofpoint Demandware Dealertrack
Small-Cap SaaS (≤ $2Bn Mkt Cap) Zendesk Paycom Fleetmatics RealPage Qualys Cornerstone LogMeIn HubSpot Cv ent SPS Small-Cap SaaS (cont'd) Marketo RingCentral Benefitfocus Q2 Castlight Callidus inContact OPOWER SciQuest Bazaarv oice Small-Cap SaaS (cont'd) Fiv e9 Amber Road Upland
Data & Analytics Splunk Tableau Teradata Verint Qlik Fair Isaac MicroStrategy Pegasystems PROS Holdings
Network Management VMware CA Red Hat Citrix F5 Networks SolarWinds NetScout Progress Infoblox Radware Data Storage EMC NetApp Iron Mountain Brocade Box Barracuda CommVault Nimble Storage Carbonite
IT Security Symantec Check Point VeriSign FireEye Fortinet Trend Micro Proofpoint Qualys Imperv a AVG Tech
A
PP
LI
C
A
TION
SOF
TW
A
RE
PAGE | 20
APPENDIX: SOFTWARE
SECTOR
PUBLIC
COMPANY
METRICS
SOFTWARE BELLWETHERS
Enterprise Market % of 52 1-Year Stock 3-Year Stock Revenue Growth LTM EBITDA Enterprise Value / Price /
Company Ticker Value Capitalization Week High Performance Performance LTM NTM Margin LTM Rev. 2015E Rev. LTM EBITDA Earnings
Google Inc. GOOGL $320,641 $375,259 91.1% (0.5%) 73.0% 18.9% 14.1% 32.5% 4.9x 4.2x 14.9x 26.0x
Microsoft MSFT 272,694 333,525 81.2% (0.8%) 26.0% 12.0% 7.7% 36.0% 2.9x 2.9x 8.1x 16.1x
Oracle Corporation ORCL 177,356 188,439 92.4% 5.5% 48.0% 2.5% 0.6% 43.2% 4.6x 4.6x 10.6x 17.4x
IBM IBM 191,111 158,642 80.6% (16.6%) (23.1%) (5.7%) (8.0%) 26.3% 2.1x 2.2x 7.8x 13.2x
Intel Corporation INTC 147,423 148,095 82.5% 21.1% 11.2% 5.7% (0.6%) 43.6% 2.6x 2.6x 6.1x 12.6x
Cisco Systems, Inc. CSCO 108,023 140,508 90.8% 22.8% 30.1% 0.4% 3.6% 29.1% 2.2x 2.2x 7.7x 16.2x
SAP SE SAP 94,805 86,414 99.2% (10.8%) 3.5% 4.4% 13.4% 34.2% 5.0x 4.5x 14.7x 21.8x
HP HPQ 63,170 56,635 75.8% (3.7%) 30.8% (1.7%) (5.4%) 11.9% 0.6x 0.6x 4.8x 11.4x
EMC Corporation EMC 49,331 50,528 82.7% (6.7%) (14.5%) 5.2% 6.3% 23.9% 2.0x 1.9x 9.0x 18.6x
Median $147,423 $148,095 82.7% (0.8%) 26.0% 4.4% 3.6% 32.5% 2.6x 2.6x 8.1x 16.2x
COMMUNICATION SOFTWARE
Nuance Communications, Inc. NUAN $6,227 $4,668 73.2% (16.4%) (43.9%) 3.5% (0.6%) 9.7% 3.2x 3.1x 33.3x NM
NICE Systems Ltd. NICE 3,499 3,747 99.6% 38.5% 56.3% 6.6% 6.2% 18.7% 3.5x 3.3x 18.6x 36.4x
Synchronoss Technologies, Inc. SNCR 1,979 2,027 87.8% 38.4% 48.7% 31.0% 24.7% 26.6% 4.3x 3.5x 16.3x 52.1x
NeuStar, Inc. NSR 1,838 1,372 70.9% (24.3%) (33.9%) 6.8% 4.7% 37.2% 1.9x 1.9x 5.1x 8.4x
BroadSoft, Inc. BSFT 898 972 93.6% 25.2% (12.5%) 21.5% 21.4% 8.7% 4.1x 3.4x 47.5x 960.1x
MobileIron, Inc. MOBL 599 717 71.5% NA NA 25.3% 34.0% (43.3%) 4.5x 3.5x NA NM
Tangoe, Inc. TNGO 488 537 72.2% (25.8%) (26.6%) 12.5% 12.8% 7.7% 2.3x 2.0x 29.8x 183.0x
Median $1,838 $1,372 73.2% 4.4% (19.6%) 12.5% 12.8% 9.7% 3.5x 3.3x 24.2x 52.1x
Oracle Corporation ORCL $177,356 $188,439 92.4% 5.5% 48.0% 2.5% 0.6% 43.2% 4.6x 4.6x 10.6x 17.4x
IBM IBM 191,111 158,642 80.6% (16.6%) (23.1%) (5.7%) (8.0%) 26.3% 2.1x 2.2x 7.8x 13.2x
SAP SE SAP 94,805 86,414 99.2% (10.8%) 3.5% 4.4% 13.4% 34.2% 5.0x 4.5x 14.7x 21.8x
Adobe Systems Incorporated ADBE 35,715 36,990 92.1% 12.5% 115.5% 5.2% 17.7% 19.8% 8.4x 7.3x 42.3x 120.8x
Intuit Inc. INTU 25,963 26,831 96.1% 24.7% 61.2% 11.0% (3.9%) 30.6% 5.7x 5.7x 18.5x 33.3x
Sage Group plc SGE 8,059 7,470 93.9% (0.5%) 37.8% (5.0%) 8.4% 28.4% 4.2x 3.8x 14.6x 24.7x
Open Text Corporation OTEX 7,208 6,458 85.7% 10.9% 73.0% 35.4% 18.1% 30.0% 3.9x 3.6x 12.9x 23.7x
TOTVS S.A. TOTS3 1,817 1,848 86.2% (27.7%) (38.3%) 10.0% 6.7% 23.2% 3.3x 2.9x 14.2x 18.7x
Progress Software Corporation PRGS 1,091 1,375 97.7% 24.6% 15.0% 4.5% 26.5% 26.5% 3.3x 2.6x 10.4x 36.8x
IFS IFS B 766 808 96.9% 15.7% 108.2% 12.2% 6.3% 12.2% 2.2x 2.1x 17.9x 29.7x
Median $17,011 $17,151 93.1% 8.2% 42.9% 4.8% 7.5% 27.5% 4.0x 3.7x 14.4x 24.2x
APPENDIX: SOFTWARE
SECTOR
PUBLIC
COMPANY
METRICS
(CONT.)
HUMAN CAPITAL MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE
Enterprise Market % of 52 1-Year Stock 3-Year Stock Revenue Growth LTM EBITDA Enterprise Value / Price /
Company Ticker Value Capitalization Week High Performance Performance LTM NTM Margin LTM Rev. 2015E Rev. LTM EBITDA Earnings
Workday, Inc. WDAY $14,505 $15,869 86.7% (7.7%) NA 68.0% 45.0% (19.9%) 18.4x 12.7x NA NM
The Ultimate Software Group, Inc. ULTI 4,754 4,862 97.6% 24.1% 131.9% 23.3% 22.0% 14.4% 9.4x 7.7x 65.2x 108.7x
Paycom Software, Inc. PAYC 1,873 1,871 89.4% NA NA 40.3% 30.4% 14.6% 12.4x 9.5x 85.3x 330.5x
Cornerstone OnDemand, Inc. CSOD 1,500 1,557 58.0% (39.6%) 32.3% 42.4% 28.4% (16.1%) 5.7x 4.4x NA NM
Paylocity Holding Corporation PCTY 1,356 1,446 86.2% 19.1% NA 41.2% 35.5% (7.3%) 10.6x 8.3x NA NM
ClickSoftware Technologies Ltd. CKSW 249 293 84.4% (13.1%) (30.7%) 22.3% 12.0% 0.3% 2.0x 1.8x NA NM
Halogen Software Inc. HGN 118 159 91.9% (18.0%) NA 18.1% 18.9% (18.0%) 2.3x 1.8x NA NM
Median $1,500 $1,557 86.7% (10.4%) 32.3% 40.3% 28.4% (7.3%) 9.4x 7.7x 75.2x 219.6x
MARKETING SOFTWARE
salesforce.com, inc. CRM $43,359 $42,157 94.1% 17.0% 73.0% 32.0% 21.2% 3.1% 8.1x 6.7x NA NM
HubSpot, Inc. HUBS 1,164 1,288 90.0% NA NA 49.3% 39.2% (40.4%) 10.0x 7.2x NA NM
Constant Contact, Inc. CTCT 1,065 1,228 88.5% 56.2% 28.3% 16.2% 17.0% 11.2% 3.2x 2.7x 28.6x 85.8x
Marketo, Inc. MKTO 971 1,077 71.9% (21.6%) NA 56.3% 37.1% (31.0%) 6.5x 4.7x NA NM
Callidus Software Inc. CALD 657 679 73.3% 1.3% 62.4% 21.6% 20.4% (1.9%) 4.8x 4.0x NA NM
Bazaarv oice, Inc. BV 401 449 60.2% (22.6%) (71.6%) 20.0% 13.9% (12.1%) 2.2x 2.0x NA NM
Median $1,018 $1,152 80.9% 1.3% 45.3% 26.8% 20.8% (7.0%) 5.6x 4.4x 28.6x 85.8x
PLM & DESIGN SOFTWARE
Dassault Systemes SA DSY $16,237 $17,095 98.3% 15.8% 47.5% 11.0% 16.2% 25.1% 6.6x 5.6x 26.3x 48.5x
Autodesk, Inc. ADSK 12,044 13,323 90.2% 19.2% 38.6% 10.5% 4.6% 10.7% 4.8x 4.6x 44.7x 162.9x
Ansys, Inc. ANSS 7,150 7,939 99.1% 14.5% 35.6% 8.7% 2.7% 46.0% 7.6x 7.4x 16.6x 31.2x
Synopsys Inc. SNPS 6,504 7,119 97.8% 20.6% 51.1% 7.9% 7.7% 18.9% 3.1x 2.9x 16.2x 27.7x
Cadence Design Systems Inc. CDNS 5,064 5,395 94.4% 18.7% 55.7% 8.3% 7.6% 20.9% 3.2x 3.0x 15.3x 34.0x
PTC Inc. PTC 4,501 4,157 90.3% 2.1% 29.5% 4.5% (2.7%) 20.9% 3.3x 3.4x 15.9x 27.6x
Mentor Graphics Corp. MENT 2,810 2,789 94.5% 9.1% 61.7% 7.6% 3.1% 20.1% 2.3x 2.2x 11.0x 19.0x
PAGE | 22
APPENDIX: SOFTWARE
SECTOR
PUBLIC
COMPANY
METRICS
(CONT.)
SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
Enterprise Market % of 52 1-Year Stock 3-Year Stock Revenue Growth LTM EBITDA Enterprise Value / Price /
Company Ticker Value Capitalization Week High Performance Performance LTM NTM Margin LTM Rev. 2015E Rev. LTM EBITDA Earnings
Av ev a Group plc AVV $1,231 $1,404 60.2% (37.0%) (22.2%) (7.1%) (12.1%) 27.2% 3.9x 3.8x 14.2x 20.7x
OPOWER, Inc. OPWR 389 514 39.0% NA NA 44.8% 14.4% (29.7%) 3.0x 2.7x NA NM
Silv er Spring Networks, Inc. SSNI 322 442 51.5% (48.6%) NA (41.5%) 0.9% (41.9%) 1.7x 1.2x NA NM
EnerNOC, Inc. ENOC 223 340 46.8% (48.8%) 58.3% 23.1% (10.2%) 10.0% 0.5x 0.5x 4.7x 28.1x
PSI PSAN 185 202 81.3% (30.9%) (42.6%) (0.5%) 6.3% 6.2% 1.0x 0.9x 15.8x 40.7x
Median $322 $442 51.5% (42.8%) (22.2%) (0.5%) 0.9% 6.2% 1.7x 1.2x 14.2x 28.1x
ENERGY SOFTWARE
Manhattan Associates, Inc. MANH $3,633 $3,757 91.4% 44.5% 325.9% 18.7% 9.3% 27.1% 7.4x 6.8x 27.2x 45.8x
Aspen Technology, Inc. AZPN 3,165 3,396 79.5% (9.1%) 87.5% 20.4% 11.6% 38.9% 7.5x 6.9x 19.3x 31.7x
Fleetmatics Group PLC FLTX 1,549 1,700 96.5% 34.1% NA 30.6% 24.7% 25.1% 6.7x 5.4x 26.6x 61.9x
The Descartes Systems Group Inc TSX: DSG 1,021 1,139 96.7% 7.8% 73.1% 12.9% 11.2% 29.5% 6.0x 5.4x 20.2x 75.6x
SPS Commerce, Inc. SPSC 978 1,109 95.3% 9.2% 149.6% 22.6% 22.3% 10.3% 7.6x 6.2x 73.9x 410.1x
SciQuest, Inc. SQI 337 468 61.6% (37.3%) 11.1% 13.0% 6.2% 5.1% 3.3x 3.1x 65.5x NM
American Software, Inc. AMSW.A 231 289 97.0% 0.5% 19.2% 1.3% 2.9% 11.1% 2.3x 2.0x 20.6x 35.6x
Amber Road, Inc. AMBR 203 241 51.1% (39.9%) NA 23.4% 19.8% (35.2%) 3.1x 2.6x NA NM
Speed Commerce, Inc. SPDC 145 42 16.1% (82.5%) (64.1%) NA NA 5.3% 1.4x 1.0x 25.7x NM
Median $978 $1,109 91.4% 0.5% 73.1% 19.5% 11.4% 11.1% 6.0x 5.4x 26.2x 53.8x
FINANCIAL SOFTWARE
Fiserv , Inc. FISV $22,461 $18,952 98.1% 40.1% 128.9% 5.2% 4.7% 29.7% 4.4x 4.2x 14.1x 25.1x
SS&C Technologies SSNC 5,785 5,255 95.9% 55.7% 167.0% 7.7% 12.5% 38.9% 7.5x 6.7x 19.4x 40.1x
Solera Holdings Inc. SLH 5,780 3,471 74.2% (18.4%) 12.6% 22.8% 15.2% 38.0% 5.3x 4.9x 14.0x 76.4x
Jack Henry & Associates Inc. JKHY 5,687 5,715 99.6% 25.3% 104.8% 6.5% 7.4% 34.6% 4.5x 4.2x 13.1x 27.2x
Oracle Financial Serv ices 532466 3,955 4,409 91.4% 1.2% 1.2% 3.3% 4.8% 39.6% 6.4x 5.5x 16.2x 21.9x
DH Corporation DH 3,393 2,640 94.7% 9.0% 64.8% 36.1% 13.4% 24.1% 3.8x 3.4x 15.6x 28.7x
Env estnet, Inc. ENV 1,873 1,937 96.3% 39.6% 347.9% 43.8% 22.5% 11.2% 5.4x 4.4x 48.1x 136.7x
Bottomline Technologies, Inc. EPAY 1,020 1,053 75.4% (22.1%) (2.0%) 19.8% 10.6% 12.6% 3.2x 2.9x 25.0x NM
Q2 Holdings, Inc. QTWO 682 770 96.3% 36.1% NA 39.1% 32.8% (18.9%) 8.6x 6.5x NA NM
APPENDIX: SOFTWARE
SECTOR
PUBLIC
COMPANY
METRICS
(CONT.)
HEALTHCARE IT
Enterprise Market % of 52 1-Year Stock 3-Year Stock Revenue Growth LTM EBITDA Enterprise Value / Price /
Company Ticker Value Capitalization Week High Performance Performance LTM NTM Margin LTM Rev. 2015E Rev. LTM EBITDA Earnings
Cerner Corporation CERN $23,807 $25,098 97.9% 30.2% 92.4% 16.6% 43.4% 29.0% 7.2x 4.9x 24.7x 47.8x
athenahealth, Inc. ATHN 4,654 4,560 71.0% (25.5%) 61.1% 26.5% 22.2% 8.2% 6.2x 5.1x 75.6x NM
Veev a Systems Inc. VEEV 2,936 3,334 75.8% (4.4%) NA 49.0% 26.1% 23.3% 9.4x 7.4x 39.7x 82.6x
Medidata Solutions, Inc. MDSO 2,637 2,668 83.7% (9.8%) 268.2% 21.0% 19.7% 10.8% 7.9x 6.6x 72.7x 438.0x
Allscripts Healthcare Solutions, Inc. MDRX 2,682 2,159 65.0% (33.7%) (28.0%) 0.4% 4.1% 4.1% 1.9x 1.9x 47.1x NM
HMS Holdings Corp. HMSY 1,430 1,365 65.2% (18.9%) (50.5%) (9.9%) 5.5% 19.9% 3.2x 3.1x 16.3x 97.9x
MedAssets, Inc. MDAS 2,011 1,133 73.6% (23.8%) 43.0% 5.9% 5.4% 29.9% 2.8x 2.6x 9.3x NM
Quality Systems Inc. QSII 839 963 84.6% (5.3%) (63.5%) 8.2% 9.8% 9.0% 1.8x 1.6x 19.5x 44.2x
Computer Programs & Systems Inc. CPSI 580 614 80.5% (16.0%) (4.0%) 1.9% (2.8%) 26.0% 2.8x 2.9x 10.9x 18.7x
Impriv ata, Inc. IMPR 257 334 82.4% NA NA 36.4% 25.6% (13.6%) 2.7x 2.1x NA NM
Median $2,324 $1,762 78.2% (16.0%) 19.5% 12.4% 14.7% 15.3% 3.0x 3.0x 24.7x 65.2x
PUBLIC SECTOR SOFTWARE
Constellation Software Inc. CSU $7,531 $7,326 7.3% 42.3% 286.6% 37.9% 14.7% 14.6% 4.9x 3.9x 33.6x NM
Tyler Technologies, Inc. TYL 3,851 4,057 95.8% 44.0% 213.8% 18.4% 15.7% 21.8% 7.8x 6.7x 35.8x 68.8x
Blackbaud Inc. BLKB 2,460 2,194 99.1% 51.4% 42.6% 12.0% 12.4% 16.5% 4.4x 3.9x 26.5x 77.6x
NIC Inc. EGOV 1,081 1,169 88.8% (8.5%) 45.5% 9.2% 7.8% 26.2% 4.0x 3.7x 15.2x 29.9x
K12, Inc. LRN 532 604 60.0% (30.6%) (33.5%) 7.1% 2.5% 8.6% 0.6x 0.6x 6.6x 17.8x
Median $2,460 $2,194 88.8% 42.3% 45.5% 12.0% 12.4% 16.5% 4.4x 3.9x 26.5x 49.4x
LARGE-CAP SAAS
salesforce.com, inc. CRM $43,359 $42,157 94.1% 17.0% 73.0% 32.0% 21.2% 3.1% 8.1x 6.7x NA NM
Workday, Inc. WDAY 14,505 15,869 86.7% (7.7%) NA 68.0% 45.0% (19.9%) 18.4x 12.7x NA NM
NetSuite Inc. N 6,995 7,171 81.1% (2.2%) 84.5% 34.2% 29.7% (9.2%) 12.6x 9.7x NA NM
The Ultimate Software Group, Inc. ULTI 4,754 4,862 97.6% 24.1% 131.9% 23.3% 22.0% 14.4% 9.4x 7.7x 65.2x 108.7x
athenahealth, Inc. ATHN 4,654 4,560 71.0% (25.5%) 61.1% 26.5% 22.2% 8.2% 6.2x 5.1x 75.6x NM
Guidewire Software, Inc. GWRE 3,146 3,691 94.3% 7.3% 70.9% 17.2% 6.8% 8.7% 8.5x 8.1x 98.2x 196.1x
Solera Holdings Inc. SLH 5,780 3,471 74.2% (18.4%) 12.6% 22.8% 15.2% 38.0% 5.3x 4.9x 14.0x 76.4x
Veev a Systems Inc. VEEV 2,936 3,334 75.8% (4.4%) NA 49.0% 26.1% 23.3% 9.4x 7.4x 39.7x 82.6x
Medidata Solutions, Inc. MDSO 2,637 2,668 83.7% (9.8%) 268.2% 21.0% 19.7% 10.8% 7.9x 6.6x 72.7x 438.0x
Xero Limited. XRO 2,309 2,437 60.3% (47.1%) 447.9% 79.6% 79.1% (48.1%) 32.1x 15.9x NA NM
Proofpoint, Inc. PFPT 2,257 2,309 97.5% 59.7% NA 41.8% 27.1% (16.4%) 11.5x 9.1x NA NM
Demandware, Inc. DWRE 1,980 2,223 85.0% (4.9%) 104.4% 50.6% 45.5% (13.2%) 12.3x 8.5x NA NM
Dealertrack Technologies, Inc. TRAK 2,651 2,094 76.1% (21.7%) 27.3% 77.4% 27.7% 12.4% 3.1x 2.4x 23.3x NM
PAGE | 24
APPENDIX: SOFTWARE
SECTOR
PUBLIC
COMPANY
METRICS
(CONT.)
SMALL-CAP SAAS
Enterprise Market % of 52 1-Year Stock 3-Year Stock Revenue Growth LTM EBITDA Enterprise Value / Price /
Company Ticker Value Capitalization Week High Performance Performance LTM NTM Margin LTM Rev. 2015E Rev. LTM EBITDA Earnings
Zendesk, Inc. ZEN $1,770 $1,885 80.5% NA NA 76.3% 48.4% (46.9%) 13.9x 9.4x NA NM
Paycom Software, Inc. PAYC 1,873 1,871 89.4% NA NA 40.3% 30.4% 14.6% 12.4x 9.5x 85.3x 330.5x
Fleetmatics Group PLC FLTX 1,549 1,700 96.5% 34.1% NA 30.6% 24.7% 25.1% 6.7x 5.4x 26.6x 61.9x
RealPage, Inc. RP 1,583 1,590 87.1% 10.9% 5.1% 7.3% 12.5% 7.2% 3.9x 3.5x 54.2x NM
Qualys, Inc. QLYS 1,449 1,576 93.0% 82.8% NA 23.7% 26.1% 15.8% 10.8x 8.6x 68.5x 52.1x
Cornerstone OnDemand, Inc. CSOD 1,500 1,557 58.0% (39.6%) 32.3% 42.4% 28.4% (16.1%) 5.7x 4.4x NA NM
LogMeIn, Inc. LOGM 1,169 1,370 96.3% 24.7% 58.9% 33.5% 18.1% 9.3% 5.3x 4.5x 56.6x 172.2x
HubSpot, Inc. HUBS 1,164 1,288 90.0% NA NA 49.3% 39.2% (40.4%) 10.0x 7.2x NA NM
Cv ent, Inc. CVT 993 1,160 76.9% (22.4%) NA 28.0% 25.3% 3.6% 7.0x 5.6x NA 646.8x
SPS Commerce, Inc. SPSC 978 1,109 95.3% 9.2% 149.6% 22.6% 22.3% 10.3% 7.6x 6.2x 73.9x 410.1x
Marketo, Inc. MKTO 971 1,077 71.9% (21.6%) NA 56.3% 37.1% (31.0%) 6.5x 4.7x NA NM
RingCentral, Inc. RNG 938 1,054 81.2% (15.3%) NA 37.0% 28.2% (15.8%) 4.3x 3.3x NA NM
Benefitfocus, Inc. BNFT 1,045 1,047 74.6% (21.7%) NA 31.2% 26.3% (37.6%) 7.6x 6.0x NA NM
Q2 Holdings, Inc. QTWO 682 770 96.3% 36.1% NA 39.1% 32.8% (18.9%) 8.6x 6.5x NA NM
Castlight Health, Inc. CSLT 521 713 31.1% (63.4%) NA NA 66.9% (186.0%) 11.4x 6.8x NA NM
Callidus Software Inc. CALD 657 679 73.3% 1.3% 62.4% 21.6% 20.4% (1.9%) 4.8x 4.0x NA NM
inContact, Inc. SAAS 659 669 91.4% 13.5% 95.3% 32.1% 21.2% (4.1%) 3.8x 3.2x NA NM
OPOWER, Inc. OPWR 389 514 39.0% NA NA 44.8% 14.4% (29.7%) 3.0x 2.7x NA NM
SciQuest, Inc. SQI 337 468 61.6% (37.3%) 11.1% 13.0% 6.2% 5.1% 3.3x 3.1x 65.5x NM
Bazaarv oice, Inc. BV 401 449 60.2% (22.6%) (71.6%) 20.0% 13.9% (12.1%) 2.2x 2.0x NA NM
Fiv e9, Inc. FIVN 244 275 59.5% NA NA 22.5% 16.3% (28.2%) 2.4x 2.0x NA NM
Amber Road, Inc. AMBR 203 241 51.1% (39.9%) NA 23.4% 19.8% (35.2%) 3.1x 2.6x NA NM
Upland Software, Inc. UPLD 102 107 57.5% NA NA 56.8% 10.1% (13.1%) 1.6x 1.4x NA NM
Median $971 $1,054 76.9% (15.3%) 45.6% 31.6% 24.7% (13.1%) 5.7x 4.5x 65.5x 251.3x
DATA & ANALYTICS
Splunk, Inc. SPLK $6,551 $7,401 77.6% (17.2%) NA 49.0% 33.8% (45.1%) 14.5x 10.9x NA NM
Tableau Software, Inc. DATA 5,900 6,581 91.3% 21.6% NA 77.5% 42.2% 4.8% 14.3x 10.1x NA 1,120.5x
Teradata Corporation TDC 6,174 6,540 89.0% (10.3%) (35.2%) 1.5% (1.5%) 22.0% 2.3x 2.3x 10.3x 17.8x
Verint Systems Inc. VRNT 4,195 3,772 97.6% 32.0% 91.2% 24.4% 5.8% 14.2% 3.7x 3.4x 26.3x 121.9x
Qlik Technologies, Inc. QLIK 2,586 2,830 94.0% 17.1% (2.7%) 18.4% 10.8% 0.5% 4.6x 4.2x NA NM
Fair Isaac Corporation FICO 3,300 2,788 99.2% 60.4% 102.1% 7.6% 5.6% 23.3% 4.2x 3.9x 17.9x 30.2x
MicroStrategy Inc. MSTR 1,571 1,916 92.6% 46.6% 20.9% 0.7% 1.1% 6.9% 2.7x 2.7x 39.4x 380.6x
Pegasystems Inc. PEGA 1,449 1,660 92.8% 23.2% 14.0% 15.9% 10.9% 12.8% 2.5x 2.2x 19.2x 49.9x
PROS Holdings, Inc. PRO 674 725 76.1% (21.6%) 32.1% 28.3% 20.8% (2.7%) 3.6x 3.0x NA NM