COMPUTER & E-GOVERNANCE

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CHAPTER-9

COMPUTER & E-GOVERNANCE

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COMPUTER & E-GOVERNANCE BSNL Mail

Using the Internet facility we can use BSNL mail service (http://mail.bsnl.co.in).

The user should have valid user account, which can be created by the BSNL mail administrator of the respective circle. With the help of this user can receive and send mails (along with attachments) to different users across the world.

BSNL Intranet

BSNL is having its own intranet (http://intranet.bsnl.co.in) on which it posts various orders issued by the Corporate Office as well as other circles like ITPC, ALTTC etc. These orders are very useful in order to expedite the working, as the corresponding office can take on these printed orders. User account can be created the Intranet Administrator of the circle.

BSNL Instant Messenger:

Instructions for downloading and installing the BSNL Instant Messenger

1. Click on the Link “How to configure BSNL Instant Messenger” on BSNL Intranet to download BSNL Instant Messenger file.

2. Save the BSNL_Instant_Messenger.rar file on your local machine.

3. Extract the BSNL_Instant_Messenger.rar to get the BSNL_Instant_Messenger.exe, which is the executable for BSNL Instant Messenger.

4. Click on the BSNL Instant Messenger.exe, the wizard will open and it will take you through the installation process.

5. After successful installation an icon is displayed on the desktop of your local machine with the name “BSNL Instant Messenger”.

Instructions for configuration of the BSNL Instant Messenger

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1. Click on the icon

'BSNL Instant Messenger' available on your desktop.

2. Click on ' Advanced '.

3. Click on the General tab.

4. Uncheck the check box showing

“Automatically discover host and port”, if it is selected.

5. Type "chat.bsnl.in" in the host field.

6. Type 5222 in port field, if it is not there.

7. Click “OK

8. In the login screen, type your

bsnl.co.in mail-id, without the domain name (without @bsnl.co.in),

its corresponding password and in the server field type, imserver.

9. Click on Login.

BSNL, India For BSNL internal Circulation Only Page 3

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BSNL Instant Messenger can be used for

a. Online chat (one-to-one) with all the users of BSNL Mail b. Online conference (Multiple users)

c. Exchange / Transfer of files d. To know the availability of user

PDF: Portable document Format

PDF is the file format created by Adobe Systems in 1993 for document exchange.

PDF is a fixed-layout format used for representing two-dimensional documents in a manner independent of the application software, hardware, and operating system. Each PDF file encapsulates a complete description of a 2-D document that includes the text, fonts, images, and 2-D vector graphics that compose the documents.

PDF is an open standard, and recently took a major step towards becoming the ISO 32000.

Advantages of PDF

• Platform Independent or Compatible Across platforms

• Compact & Small

• Can be created from any source document/application

• Securable, avoid people from modifying & redistributing your work

• Secure almost no chance of getting infected with viruses.

• Easy and quick to create when using the right software

• Software to view PDF Files is completely free

• Viewable within most web-browsers

• PDF Files meet legal document requirements.

• Compatible with modern portable reader systems

Creation of PDF

For converting document into PDF lots of freeware are available on the Internet.

One of them is pdf995, which can be used for converting any document into PDF. This application works as a printer. This can be downloaded and used free of cost from www.pdf995.com

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Acrobat Reader

The Acrobat Reader can be downloaded free of cost from adobe site (www.adobe.com). The latest version of it is Version 9.4.

This application becomes more important as most of the office orders on BSNL sites are now hosted as PDF instead of word or other format.

File Compression

File compression is done to compress data and therefore save time, disk- space and make downloading software / e-mail attachments faster.

For file compression two of the most popular utilities are WINZIP and WINRAR, which can be downloaded free of cost from the Internet. The same utility is used for compression as well as un-compression of the file.

Good Practices for PC Maintenance

1. Anti Virus

Antivirus is a soft ware, which is installed on the computer to protect PC from different forms of malicious codes like virus, Worms, Trojan etc. Antivirus is very important for smooth working of the PC and protection of file from corruption. Good antivirus softwares include Symantec, Trend micro, Avast, AVG etc.

Using older version of Antivirus software as they are having old signatures of the virus and updates cannot be downloaded if the license has expired

2. Windows Update

Windows updates are online updates of Windows operating System from the Microsoft Websites. Windows updates are important to protect PC from different forms of intrusion. As the Operating System in use might have been launched months / years back and in order to update it with the latest version it is suggested to update it. It will close different bugs and shortcomings of OS which are identified by the Microsoft.

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3. Disk Cleanup

Disk Cleanup is a computer maintenance utility included in Microsoft Windows designed to free up disk space on a computers' hard drive. The utility first searches and analyzes the hard drive for files that are no longer of any use, and then removes the unnecessary files. There are a number of different file categories that Disk Cleanup targets when performing the initial disk analysis:

a. Compression of old files b. Temporary Internet files c. Temporary Windows file d. Downloaded Program files e. Recycle Bin

f. Removal of unused applications or optional Windows components g. Setup Log files

h. Offline files

4. Disk Defragmentation

In the context of administering computer systems, defragmentation is a process that reduces the amount of fragmentation in file systems. It does this by physically reorganizing the contents of the disk to store the pieces of each file close together and contiguously. It also attempts to create larger regions of free space using compaction to impede the return of fragmentation. Some defragmenters also try to keep smaller files within a single directory together, as they are often accessed in sequence.

5. User Management

User Management is to control access to the resources of the PC. With the help User Management different user accounts can be created which will allow access to computer without sharing the administrator user account. Moreover, the users can be clubbed together to form the groups so that resource privilege can be managed for efficiently.

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MS-Outlook

Microsoft Outlook provides a single, integrated solution for organizing and managing your digital communication tools such as e-mail and instant messaging, along with all your day-to-day information from calendars and contacts to task lists and notes.

Then, you may encounter Outlook Express before, what is the different between them? Actually MS Outlook and Outlook Express is not the same program, and they do not offer the same features.

Outlook Express is a basic e-mail program. Hence, it doesn't provide the advanced functionality of Microsoft Office Outlook.

Here are the 4 important features of Outlook:

1) E-mailing

This is the fundamental of the program. If Microsoft Outlook already installed in your computer then you need to set up Outlook to receive or send e-mail. Once set up, you can send or receive e-mail messages that contains text, graphic, clip, audio and video files to your friend using Microsoft Outlook.

Nowadays, you also can use Outlook to receive or send e-mail messages with free e-mail services such as Hotmail, SBC Yahoo! or AOL.

2) Calendar

Are you busy with your work or daily jobs? Then, Microsoft Outlook allows you to plan/schedule your tasks nicely according to your timing.

For example, Monday 10 am you have an appointment with client, you can jot down on it and save it. You can plan in advance your daily job hourly to fully utilize your precious time.

What happen if you wish to see what have you make in last week or you want to see just the next few day’s tasks? Of course if you save your daily work properly, you can see it with one or two mouse click!

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3) Contacts Information

This is where you can organize the personal or business information for your contact i.e. people that you want to communicate with. You can store information such as name, company, multiple phone numbers, e-mail address, street address, picture, and any other information that relates to the contact.

Hey…Do not worry of too many contacts? You can easily perform search for a particular contact. You also can share the contacts, set a reminder for a contact and delete duplicate contacts.

4) Tasks Scheduling

Another beauty of Outlook is that you can systematically keep your daily tasks. It can be categorized it into simple or detailed list, active or overdue tasks, by category and completed tasks.

Each task detailed with the project start and end date, status, priority, etc. So, either to the individual directly involved in the project or company management, it’s easy to supervise the entire project.

Exploring Microsoft Outlook 2007

Microsoft Outlook 2007 is part of the Microsoft Office. It can be used as a time-tracking tool, with calendar, contacts and tasks as well as a full email system.

To start Outlook using the Windows Start menu

• Click on the Start button, point to Programs, and following by Microsoft Office and click on Microsoft Office Outlook 2007.

• Immediately you will see the screen shown below.

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The Outlook window contains a number of standard features including the Menu bar, Standard toolbar and Web toolbar.

The Outlook 2007 contains three major panes as shown here:

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Navigation pane is located in the left side of the screen allow you to navigate between different folders.

Folder pane located in the middle of the screen, you can select the folder that you wish to view.

Reading Pane, which by default is on the right side of the screen. It is the place for you to view/read the content.

The Navigation Pane is new in Outlook 2007, it replaces the Outlook bar. To view it,from the View menu, click Navigation Pane.

• The Navigation Pane area holds the Mail, Calendar, Contacts, Tasks, Notes, Folder List, Shortcuts and Journal icons.

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• By right-clicking on any of the icons in the Navigation Pane, a pop-up menu will appear:

• By selecting Navigation Pane Options will open the Navigation Pane Options dialog box as shown here:

• Tick on the particular box will enable you to choose which buttons to show in the pane.

• Using the Move Up and Move Down button you can change the order of the buttons.

• When finish, click on the OK button.

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The Standard Toolbar

The icons on the Standard toolbar are most frequently used icons. It’s used for general purpose as describe here:

• New - click the icon to create a new message OR Click on the arrow beside the icon to open the drop-down menu.

• Print - allows you to print messages, attachments, calendars and tasks – anything that is displayed in the main viewing area.

• Move to Folder - to instantly move a selected message between various folders.

• Delete - removes any selected item from a message or task to a calendar item.

• Reply – to create a reply message for a message selected from the Inbox Information view without having to open it.

• Reply to All - create a reply message to all recipients addressed in the original message without having to open it.

• Forward – you can create a forwarding message to another recipient without having to open it.

• Send/Receive - to instantly refresh any mail being sent, or any in-coming mail.

• Find - to search for a message by contact name, content, or from any area where messages may be held.

• Address Book - opens the Address book so you can search for and select a contact name.

• Find a Contact - to enter a contact name, and open the contact’s information dialog box.

• Help - opens the Microsoft Outlook Help pane.

The Web Toolbar

The Web toolbar is similar to the Internet Explorer Standard buttons. Most of the time we use this toolbar when surfing the net. Let’s see the toolbar icons:

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• Back – allow you to move back to past views (page) as required.

• Forward - allow you to move forward to a page after moving back from it. It’s only available within the Outlook main viewing area, and the Back button has been used.

• Stop – if click, the search for a page is stopped.

• Refresh - if click, the current page will refresh (reload).

• Start Page – will go to the start or default page.

• Search the Web – will bring out the search page for you to search for information.

• Address - Either type a web page address, or select the arrow at the end of the field to open the drop-down menu containing a list of previously viewed sites.

The Advanced Toolbar

This toolbar will give you more options to navigate the page. See the available icons and its function below:

• Outlook Today - allows you to quickly open the Outlook Today pane in the main viewing area.

• Back - to move back from the current view in the viewing area to the preceding view.

• Forward - is active when using an Internet application through Outlook, allowing you to move forward to pages already viewed.

• Up One Level - allows you to move up through the list of folders, even if the Folder List bar is not open.

• Reading Pane - allows you to quickly open or close the Reading Pane.

• Print Preview - allows you to open the Print Preview dialog box and view the selected item in the Information view that is to be printed.

• Undo - allows you to undo message deletions, without having to go into the Deleted Items folder, finding the item, and dragging it out.

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• Current View - allows you to sort how items are viewed. It depends on which view that you are in: Mail, calendar, contacts, etc.

• Group by Box - allows you to group emails by sender name, by subject heading, date received, and more.

• Auto Preview - allows you to quickly open the Auto Preview function.

Mail Merge

Mail Merge is an automated feature of MS Word that enables you to merge a data source( a file that stores fields and records of information, like first name, last name, etc...) into a copy of a document to customize or personalize the document.

The Word 2007 Mail Merge toolbar looks as follows:

Mail Merge in Word is accomplished by the following steps:

Step 1: Set the data document type.

The data document holds the text that repeats for all merged documents.

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Word offers the following types of documents:

• Letters: Use this option for composing and designing mass mailings for which only the recipient information varies. This document type is also used when sending out a form letter or invoice.

• E-mail Messages: Using e-mail merge, multiple addresses in the To, Cc or Bcc fields can be avoided. Each recipient can receive a personalized e-mail.

• Envelopes: Use this option for producing envelopes.

• Labels: Use this option to print sheets of labels. Many addresses can be printed on the same page, in different label formats.

• Directory: Use this option when printing a catalog or any other document that requires printing multiple records per page.

Step 2: Associate a data source with the document:

In the Mailings tab, choose Select Recipients.

The various options are:

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this option. Navigate to and select a data source file. Typically, the data source is created in Excel or Access.

• Type New List: If you choose this, click Create, and then use the dialog box that appears to enter names and addresses. If you don't plan to use the entire database, you can use the Mail Merge Recipients dialog box, to select just the recipients you want. To open the dialog box, click Edit Recipient list in the Start Mail Merge group of the Mailings tab.

The recipient list can be refined by Sort, Filter, Find Duplicates, Find Recepient and Validate addresses options.

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• Select from Outlook Contacts.

Step 3: Design your data document by combining ordinary document features with Word merge fields.

Placeholders can be used when designing the data document for information pertaining to the intended recipient. When you are done, edit your document and substitute Merge Fields for the placeholders. To insert a merge field, position the insertion point where you want the field to appear. In the Mailings tab, choose Insert Merge Field in the Write &

Insert Fields group. Click on the field you want to insert. Special sets of merge fields like Address Block and Greeting Line can be inserted to save time.

Step 4: Preview the finished document by testing to see how it looks with different data records.

Click the Preview Results button in the Preview Results group of the Mailings tab. Navigation buttons help you to traverse through the records.

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Step 5: Finish the process

Merge the data document with the data source, creating a printed result, a saved document or an e-mailed document

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Your other option is to use the Mail Merge Wizard! In the Start Mail Merge group of the Mailings tab, click the Start Mail Merge button and choose Step by Step Mail Merge Wizard.

Advantage of Mail Merge:-

• No need for expensive letterhead

• No need to sign each letter

• Letters that appear Professional and Friendly

• Each person on your list receives a customized letter that includes their name, address, date, and any other related information that is provided from the mailing list.

MS-Excel

Microsoft Office Excel is an advanced computer-based spreadsheet, which is used to store data in columns and rows which can then be organized and/or processed.

Spreadsheet is simply a sheet that contains many columns and rows.

To start Excel using the Windows Start menu

When Excel is started, you will see the screen shown below. In the right hand side of the screen, the Getting Started task pane provides help to you.

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By default, Microsoft Excel workbook contains 3 blank worksheets, which are identified by tabs displaying along the bottom of the screen.

Selection Techniques

The selection techniques in Microsoft Excel allow you to select or highlight the cell(s) quickly so that you can perform the tasks such as deleting, copying, etc.

To select a cell

• Click on the cell you wish to select. To select a range of cells by dragging the mouse

• Click on the first cell in the range.

• Hold down the left-hand mouse button and drag over the cells you wish to include in the selection.

To select a range of cells (making up a rectangular block)

• Click on the first cell of the rectangular block that you wish to select (i.e. the left top- left hand corner)

• Move down to the cell that marks the bottom-right corner of the rectangular block.

• Depress the Shift key (and keep it depress).

• Click once on the last cell of the required block and release the Shift key.

To select a non-contiguous range

• Select the first cell or range.

• While holding down the Ctrl key, select the next range of cells.

Microsoft Excel - Inserting and Deleting

Microsoft Excel offers a convenient way for you to either insert or delete cell(s), column(s), row(s), or entire worksheet.

To insert a row(s) into a worksheet

• Select the row you want to move down when the new row is inserted above it.

• To select more than one row, drag the mouse pointer across the required row headings.

• Right-click on the selected row(s) to display a pop-up menu.

• Select Insert. Any existing data will move down to accommodate the new cells.

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To insert column(s) into a worksheet

• Select the column you want to move to the right when the new column is inserted.

• To select more than one column, drag the mouse pointer across the required column headings.

• Right-click on the selected column(s) to display a pop-up menu.

• Select Insert. Any existing data will move down to accommodate the new cells.

To delete a row or column

• Use the same techniques outlined above, but select the Delete command from the pop-up menu.

To insert cells or range of cells

• Select the cell where you want to insert a new cell.

• From the Insert menu, click Cells.

• From the Insert dialog box, select one of the following options A) Entire column B) Entire row C) Shift cells down D) Shift cells right

• Click on the OK.

To delete cells or ranges of cells

• Select the cell(s) you want to delete.

• From the Edit menu, click Delete.

• From the Delete dialog box displayed, select one of the options.

• Click on the OK button.

The Excel Formatting

To change the font used in a cell or range of cells

• Select the cell or range of cells you wish to change.

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• On the Excel Formatting toolbar choose a font from the Font drop down list.

To change other font characteristics

• Select the cell or range you wish to change.

• From the Format menu, click Cells.

• From the Format Cells dialog box displayed, select the Font tab to change the Font, font style, or size.

• Select the Underline: drop down list box to select a style of underline or None to remove the underlining.

• Select the Color: drop down list box to choose a font color.

• In the Effects section, you can tick Strikethrough, Superscript, or Subscript.

• To change all the settings in the dialog box back to the Normal style which is set in the Style dialog box, tick the Normal font check box.

• Select OK to close the Format Cells dialog box.

To align data between the left and right sides of a cell

• Select the cell, or cells, you wish to align.

• On the Excel Formatting toolbar, click on the Align Left icon to align data with the left edge of the cell.

• Click on the Align Right icon to align data with the right edge of the cell.

• Click on the Center icon to center data in the cell.

To align data between the top and bottom of a cell

• Select the cell, or cells, you wish to align.

• From the Format Cells dialog box displayed, click on the Alignment tab.

• In the Text alignment section, choose the Top, Center, or Bottom option in the Vertical area to align the data in the cell.

• To make the lines of data fit evenly within the height of a cell, tick the Justify distributed option and click on OK.

To change the orientation of data cells

• Select the cell, or cells, you wish to change.

• In the Orientation section, you can change the Degrees of the text or use the mouse to drag the 'red small diamond' up or down. When satisfied, click on OK.

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To wrap multiple lines of data in a cell

• Type the data you require into the cell and press Enter. The entry will appear as one long line and select the cell, or cells, you wish to format.

• In the Text control section, tick the Wrap text check box and click on OK.

To shrink the text into one cell

• Type the data you require into the cell and press Enter.

• In the Text control section, tick the Shrink to fit check box and click on OK.

To merge several cells

• Select the cells that you wish to merge to become one cell.

• Right-click on the selected cells, click Format Cells.

• In the Text control section, tick the Merge cells check box and click on OK.

Excel Formula and Function

Excel Formula

A formula is an equation that performs operations on worksheet data. Excel formula can perform mathematical operations, such as addition and multiplication, or they can compare worksheet values or join text.

To enter a formula

• Place the cursor in the cell where the formula will appear.

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• Enter an = sign.

• Enter the expression that will produce the result you want, e.g. A5+E5. This will add the value in A5 with the value in E5.

• When the formula is complete, press Enter. The result of the formula will be calculated and displayed in the cell.

• If there is an error in an Excel formula, an error message which begin with a # sign will display.

To enter a cell or range reference by pointing

• Place the cursor in the cell where the formula will appear.

• Enter the formula up to the point of the cell or range reference, e.g. to enter the formula =E2+E5, only enter the = sign.

• Using the arrow keys, move the cell pointer to the first cell reference, in this case E2.

The formula will track your progress and enter the current address into the formula.

• Enter the operand, + sign.

• Using the arrow keys, move the cell pointer to the second cell reference, in this case E5. If you are calculating a range of cells, hold down the Shift key while using the arrow keys to move to the intended cells.

• Press Enter to complete the formula when you have reached the cell you require.

Excel Function

Functions are special commands used in formulas to perform mathematical processes.

To enter functions directly into the worksheet cell

• Select the cell into which the formula will be entered.

• Insert an equal (=) sign to begin the formula. The formula toolbar buttons will appear.

• Enter the name of the function [e.g. SUM], followed by an opening parenthesis [(], any arguments required for the function [e.g. E2:E5], and closing parenthesis[)].

• Press Enter. If there are no errors in the formula, the result of the function will be entered in the cell. If you activate the cell again, the function will be displayed in the formula bar.

To use the AutoSum function

• The functions can be accessed through the AutoSum icon on the Standard toolbar.

• The functions included in the AutoSum drop-down menu will insert the function and predict the arguments.

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AutoSum will display a sum function with the list of the arguments.

The Chart Wizard– Chart Type

Step-1

• Click on any cell within the data containing the information that you wish to display as a chart, or highlight the exact data that you wish to display as a chart.

• Click the Chart Wizard icon on the Standard toolbar. This will display the Excel Chart Wizard as show below:

From the Chart type: section you can select the type of chart that you wish to create.

• Then from the Chart sub-type: section you can select the exact format that you required for the selected chart type.

• To see how the selected chart will look, use the Press and Hold to View

Sample button within the dialog box. In our example, we accept the default selection.

• Click the Next button to see the next page of the dialog box - Chart Source Data.

Step-2: Data Source

• The Data Range tab allows you to specify the exact data that you wish to display within your chart.

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• You can choose to display Series in Rows or Columns. In the case of the example data used, the two effects will be as illustrated. Choose the Series in Rows.

• When you click on the Next button, this will display the Chart Options dialog box.

Step 3: Chart Options

From the chart options dialog box displayed, you can select Titles, Axes, Gridlines, Legend, Data Labels and Data Table tabs and make the necessary changes.

To add title to a chart

• In the Chart title: text box, enter the name for the chart, i.e. Exam results.

• In the Category (X) axis: text box, enter a title for the X axis, i.e. Subject.

• In the Category (Y) axis: text box, enter a title for the Y axis, i.e. Mark score.

• In the example used, the screen will be as illustrated.

To customize the chart axis

• From the Chart Option dialog box displayed, click on the Axes tab.

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check box to see the effects on the chart.

To customize chart gridlines

• From the Chart Option dialog box displayed, click on the Gridlines tab.

• You can choose to display the major and minor X and Y gridlines for the axis by clicking on the particular check box.

To customize chart legend

• From the Chart Option dialog box displayed, click on the Legend tab.

• You can choose to display or not the chart legend and the placement of the legend in the chart by clicking on the radio button.

To customize data labels

• From the Chart Option dialog box displayed, click on the Data Labels tab.

• You can choose to display or not the chart data labels by clicking on the radio button.

To display a data table

• From the Chart Option dialog box displayed, click on the Data Table tab.

• You can choose to display or not the chart data table by ticking on the check box.

• Click on the Next button to continue and this will display the final page of the Chart Wizard – Chart Location.

Step 4: Chart Location

To define the chart location

• You can choose to place the chart on an existing worksheet as an object, or you can place it on a new worksheet. Two options for you to choose:

As new sheet: – It will place the chart in the new worksheet.

As object in: - It will place the chart in the existing worksheet.

• Click on the Finish button and the chart will be created as you have specified during the Chart Wizard creation process.