1G. KARTHY,2M. SANKAR ANANDH,2S.S.SHIVASOMU,2D.MUTHU KUMAR
Abstract—
Nowadays, in large and busy traffic areas the most significant issue is searching of free available space in the paring slot. Several smart parking lot systems are fully equipped by means of sensors and various micro-controllers so as to count and monitor the parked cars in the slot automatically. On the other hand, such a system might not signify the empty spaces/spots. Also, traditional approaches are very costly and are having long processing time with large consumption of energy. In these days, technology ZigBee is trending and is having low-power and low-cost wireless communication module. In this work, an automated smart parking system using ZigBee wireless transmission module is proposed. Thus, the proposed system is suitable for finding available free parking lots for cars thereby sending information through wireless module, and LCD display regarding the parking space status. The Infrared sensor (IR) sensor is responsible for detecting and intimating the microcontroller Arduino Uno which is being displayed on LCD sensors. The L293D motor driver is used control the opening and closing function of entry gate. The hardware setup of the proposed design is shown for both transmitter side and receiver side.
Index Terms— ZigBee, smart parking lot, Infrared sensor, LCD display, Arduino Uno microcontroller, wireless module.
I. INTRODUCTION
In urban areas, finding the vacant parking slot is the daily concern for most of the drivers particularly at the rush or peak hours. This has been a major time-consuming one that leads to heavy traffic jamming, frustration of drivers, and the air pollution. Recent survey reported that about 45% of total traffic was due to the vehicles searching for parking space. Hence, a lot of parking monitoring and management system was employed so as to diminish that congestion of traffic and also to enhance vehicle driver’s convenience. Some techniques focuses on video camera monitoring system to view the parking slot availability, however this system is of expensive and a huge quantity of data is generated which is
difficult to transmit over wireless network[1]. So as to overcome these limitations, there is a huge demand on smart vehicle parking monitoring system.
A number of protocols which employs wireless personal area network (WPAN) comprise ZigBee, Bluetooth, Infrared Data Association (IrDA), andUltra-wideband (UWB). All of these are enhanced or optimized for specific domains orapplications[2, 3]. This has the capability for communicating over low power and at a data rate of about 250 kb/s. ZigBee is regarded as a popular one since it is simple in terms of interoperability with coordinating device and other products of wireless. The characteristic ZigBee application domains like: building, home control, industrial automation, agricultural, &medical monitoring, security, embedded sensing[4, 5]. The majorbenefit of using ZigBee is the low consumption of current and the capability to communicate in wide range if the application consists of better line of sight (LOS). Consequentlyit is essential to solve the parking problem by the implementation of ZigBee system[6, 7].
In this work, smart parking system is proposed for assisting the drivers to know the availability of parking slot. At a first preference, the driver should come to know the information regarding empty spaces in parking area before the choices are made[8, 9]. For this purpose, a simple an effective design is essential for monitoring parking space and display the space availability in LCD format which is located in the entrance of parking area.. The LCD and Zigbee module is interfaced with Arduino Uno microcontroller for wireless transmission of data to the master module.
II. RELATED WORKS
This section is the detailed report of various existing methods employed in the design of smart parking system.[10] introduced a unique approach which in turn enhances the efficiency of present cloud dependent smart parking system and also developed a Internet-of-things (IOT) based network architecture. A technique which aids the users to find free parking space automatically proposed in this work at a small cost. By considering distance and number of free space available, the performance metric was evaluated in every car parking lot. This rateis employed for offering solution of finding the available free space once the request is generated by user thereby suggesting a solution to park once a current car park is fully occupied. However security aspect is the major concern of this work which has to be overcome.
[11]considered a System of Smart Parking Management which aids the user for recognizing the free space for parking automatically. This system comprisesESP8266-01 Wi-Fi Module, Arduino Uno, Cloud server,and Ultrasonic sensor. IOT dependent new parking policieswhich aids in connecting, analyzing, and the automatic data that is gathered from the system and to execute the possible parking that are feasible. This in turn allowsoccupancy, monitoring and managing of vehicles that wereavailable in real-time for parking space that reduces pollution. Proposed system offers optimizing the parking space usage and acquiressignificant revenue generation.
[12]suggested a real-time cloud to vehicular clients (VCs) in the smart car parking system (SCPS) background which satisfynon-deterministic and deterministic constriction. Intra-Edge-Fog and Vehicular cloud computing (VCC) node design is offered for ICCP. This is aimed at the dispersedself-energized mini-sized Fog data centers/nodes, locatedamong the VCs anddistributed remote cloud. The real-time data-disseminated architecture processes services to the VCs connected. The consumption of energy is the major downside of this system.
[13]considered a system of smart parking for a heavy traffic atmospherewith the use of wireless transmission moduleZigBee. The anticipatedscheme was appropriate for buildings with multi-floor and competentof sendingcommunication to vehicles regarding the parking spacesstatus. The parking monitoring system constantlycollect the information from the detectors of parking slot and after that it informs the vehicle sector.
[14]stated a solution which comprises of sensor range integrating cameras of high resolution all over the car parking lot. The cameras are incorporated with the use of several kinds of wireless communication. The information is processed by the sensors in real–time and directed to the servers of cloud at which the storage, analyzes, and processing takes place to the end-user.
[15]described an intelligent automobile parking system based on IoT. In this work, the system is responsible for finding free car parking slots automatically at short period of time. This in turn supported new performance parameters for calculating the cost of user who are parking through considering the availability and the total free places number in all parking slot.
III. PROPOSEDWORK
In automobile field the smart vehicle parking is regarded as an incredible technology. An automatic smart car parking system with the use of ZigBee module is proposed in this work. Figure 3.1 demonstrates the flow of projectedautomatic smart car parking system.
TRANSMITTER
RECEIVER
A. ZigBee Technology:
A technology ZigBee is a low data-rate, low cost,low power; wireless networking module that are designed towards creating innovation on remote control and the automation application. Bluetooth aids relatively low bandwidth and a very short range and these are typically intended for handheld strategyfor an operating space of approximately 10m. This can be regarded as a wireless mesh network that is dependent on IEEE standard 802.15.4. ZigBee uses a direct sequence spread spectrum having 16 channels and 2MHZ bandwidth. The data rates of Zigbee’s are low and the entire connection can be updated and optimized vigorously and each nodes of network can be gained by multiple features, links that causes Zigbee a flexible network that is capable of dealing with link and node failures. This in turn offers IP functionality and suggestscompatibility and interoperability via communication supporting with IPv6 dependent nodes with the utilization of other network architectures such as Ethernet,Wi-Fi.
B. Parking analysis unit:
The parking inquiry module in vehicle contains a ZigBee module, liquid crystal display (LCD), IR sensor, Arduino Uno micro-controller, and L293D motor driver. The module of parking analysis is integrated in the entrance of parking lot which intimates the vehicles or cars entering the parking area regarding the available slots for parking. The information is being displayed in LCD screen available at the entrance; after that the request will be sent by means of wireless ZigBee monitoring system.
C. Parking detection and monitoring system using Arduino Uno Microcontroller:
The exact free space informationfor car parking is identifiedusing IR sensorsalong with micro-controller Arduino Uno. Once the parking slot have no cars in that case the IR sensor is responsible for detecting and intimating IR the microcontroller Arduino Uno which is being displayed on LCD sensors that are inexpensive and are appropriate in the detection by means of emitting and sensing Infrared radiation. The detector of the parking slot covers Transmitter for sending the information to parking monitor systemcontinuously. The information is error free and thecommunication is reliable. In case of no vacancy of free space for parking then, it sends “No vacant” message. Thereforethe complete control is being taken and hence it is proficientof reducing the human responsibilities of parking monitoring system.
D. RFID Module:
In the proposed technique, the display unit in turn displays the parking areas visual representation which intimates the occupied and empty slots that aids in making decision whether to park their car or not. This system not only saves the time but also aids in managing check-in and check-out of cars with the control of RFID tags/readers along with some additional features like entry logging data. This logging data ID is generated temporarily. Once, the car exists the ID created was deleted/changed.
E. Motor driver:
L293D is regarded as the usual type of Motor Driver IC or motor driverthat allows the driver to move or drive in both/either direction. L293D is a IC with 16-pin that controls two DC motors set in any direction simultaneously. This means that it can be controlled in open/close function of the entry gate as per the command. This mechanism functions in a H-bridge concept. Hence H-bridge IC are ideal for driving a DC motor.Due its size it is very much used in robotic application for controlling DC motors.
IV. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION
This section describes about the hardware module of our project:
WORKING:
Fig4.2 Hardware implementation of Transmitter PHASE 1:TRANSMISSION PHASE:
When the car enters into the parking area the IR sensor will automatically detects the entry,and it automatically sends the car to the parking slots if any vacancy available.
PHASE 2:SIGNAL PROCESS:
Fig4.3 Hardware implementation of signal processing
In this section,IR sensor sends the detecting signal to the Arduino UNO then arduino will forward the signal to Zigbee(master). EMBEDDED C program used in arduino.By using Master Zigbee we send the signal information to slave Zigbee (for carin=1;carout=0).
Fig 4.4 Hardware implementation of signal processing Receiver side:
On the receiver side, Zigbee(slave) receives the information from master and sends to receiver ArduinoUNO,then Arduino UNO drives the motor to open and close the gate.
WORKING:
PHASE 1:RECEVING SIDEFOR ENTRY:
In this phase theIR sensor detects the car enters at the parking area and sends the signal to the Arduino UNO present in the transmitter side.When the Zigbee receives the signal it directly forwards the signal to the Zigbee present in the receiver side that will again forward to the Arduino in the receiver side.With the Embedded C program in the system and it will control the motor driver to opening and closing the gate.
PHASE 2:MOTOR WORKING SIDE :
Whenever Arduino sends the driving signal to the motor,motor will open and close the gate according to the signal received from the Arduino.
PHASE 3:DETECTION PHASE:
fig 4.5 Hardware implementation of detection phase
In the detection phase the working process is same as the transmitter side.But it has some different level of programming compare to the transmitter side.In the exit,IR sensor will detect the car which is going out of the parking area then it will automatically sends the message(0=car out) to the Arduino by using the Zigbee present in both sides.Then it will allow the motor drivers to open the gate at entry side.
PHASE 4:DISPLAYING MODULE FOR EXIT:
Fig4.6 Hardware implementation of displaying module
In the final phase LCD screen will display the information about spaces available in the parking slot by using Arduino.
V. CONCLUSION
In recent days, the implementation of microcontrollers and sensors in the parking areas helps in counting parked lot in the slot. In this busy environment it is a tedious job and a time consuming one. Therefore, to overcome the limitations of existing techniques, the proposed system is implemented with an automated smart car parking system with the use of ZigBee module, Arduino Uno microcontroller, RF module, etc. This system isimplemented in the car parking slots and employed to avoid the traffic related issues in heavy parking slots like shopping malls and other eventful areas. This proposed system is appropriate for identifying free parking lots available for cars in that way conveyingmessage/information over the wireless module ZigBee, and displayed in LCD display about the status of parking space. The sensor Infrared sensor (IR) isuseful in the detection and intimation of status to the microcontroller Arduino Uno which is being displayed on LCD screen. The hardware design is provided in the result analysis section for both transmitter and receiver side. Hence, this proposed scheme is an effective one for automating the smart car parking monitoring system.
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First Author - G. Karthy Assistant professor Electronics and communication engineering ,Kalasalingam academy of research and education srivilliputhur, India
Second Author- M. Sankar Anandh Electronics and communication engineering Kalasalingam academy of research and education srivilliputhur, India
Third Author-S.S.Shiva somu
Electronics and communication engineering Kalasalingam academy of research and education srivilliputhur, India
Fourth Author_ D.MUTHU KUMAR
Electronics and communication engineering Kalasalingam academy of research and education srivilliputhur, India
