NEC IPASOLINK 400
INSTALLATION AND PROVISIONING
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ... 6
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION ... 6
IPASOLINK 400 ... 7
COMPATIBLE OUTDOOR UNITS ... 8
NHG ... 8 NHG2 ... 8 IHG ... 9 BLOCK DIAGRAMS ... 9 AVAILABLE CONFIGURATIONS ... 11 UNPROTECTEDHOP ... 11 PROTECTEDCONFIGURATIONS ... 11
ETHERNET PROTECTION USING 2+0 OR XPIC 1+0 ... 11
RADIO TRAFFIC AGGREGATION ... 11
CONFIGURATION DIAGRAMS ... 12
ASYMMETRICAL HOPS ... 15
EXTERNAL CONNECTION SPEED AND RADIO PATH CAPACITY ... 15
IPASOLINK CAPACITY ... 16
QOS AND OVERPROVISIONING ... 18
ADAPTIVE MODULATION ... 18
MAIN SPECIFICATIONS ... 20
IDU CONFIGURATIONS ... 22
PDH-INTERFACES ... 24
INDOOR UNIT CONFIGURATIONS ... 25
ORDERING CODES ... 26
PREINSTALLED LICENSES ... 26
SAFETY ISSUES ... 26
OPEN WAVEGUIDE AND OPTICAL CONNECTORS ... 26
AVOID THE FRONT OF THE ANTENNA ... 26
RADIATIONMONITORINGDEVICES ... 27
SAFETYDISTANCEFORTHEPUBLICEXPOSURE ... 27
INDOOR UNIT INSTALLATION ... 28
VENTILATION ... 28
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS ... 28
POWER CONNECTION ... 29
ASSEMBLINGTHEPOWERCABLE ... 29
ETHERNETCABLECONNECTIONS ... 30
PDH CONNECTIONS ... 30
ODU INSTALLATION ... 30
6GHZ ODUWITHSTANDARDWAVEGUIDE ... 31
SEPARATE INSTALLATION OF 7 AND 13 GHZ DIRECT MOUNT ODU... 32
DIRECTMOUNTINSTALLATION ... 32
ODU CABLE INSTALLATION ... 34
CABLECONNECTORS ... 35
GROUNDING ... 35
Grounding outside ... 35
Grounding in the shelter ... 36
IDU AND CABLE LABELLING ... 36 OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION ... 36 LOCAL MANAGEMENT ... 37 MANAGEMENTTOOL ... 37 RECOMMENDED BROWSER ... 37 LOCAL CONNECTION ... 37
REMOTE LOGIN USING THE BROWSER ... 38
LOGINWINDOW ... 38
MAIN PAGE – MENU AND CURRENT STATUS ... 39
NAMING OF THE IDU AND MODEMS ... 39
BASIC SETTINGS ... 39
PROVISIONINGCLEAR ... 40
NETWORKMANAGEMENT(NMS)SETTINGS ... 47
MODEMSETTINGS ... 51
SYNCHRONIZATION SETTING ... 52
DATE AND TIME SETTING ... 55
NETWORK MANAGEMENT SECURITY SETTINGS ... 56
ANTENNA ALIGNMENT ... 61
MANAGEMENT NETWORK ... 63
DCN OVER PDH/SDH ... 65
MANAGEMENTUSINGMETROETHERNETVPLSSERVICE ... 65
PROVISIONING PDH ... 66
ETHERNET SETTINGS ... 69
VLAN SETTINGS ... 70
SAMPLE VLAN SETTINGS ... 73
QOS SETTINGS ... 76
TRAFFICCLASSIFICATIONPRINCIPLES ... 76
SAMPLEQOSPOLICY... 79
QOSSETTINGS–CLASSIFYANDINGRESSPOLICING ... 80
PORT QOS SETTINGS ... 82
QOS SETTINGS SUMMARY ... 84
COPYING SETTINGS FROM ONE IDU TO ANOTHER ... 85
PRECONFIGURATION FILES ... 90
KNOWN PROBLEMS ... 91
APPENDIX A. RECEIVER THRESHOLD DATA ... 92
APPENDIX B. MC-A4/16E1-A MDR68-CONNECTOR PIN LAYOUT ... 95
APPENDIX C. MC-A4 D-SUB-44 CONNECTOR PIN LAYOUT ... 96
APPENDIX D. QUICK INSTALLATION GUIDE/CHECK LIST ... 97
INTRODUCTION
This document describes the installation and provisioning of NEC iPasolink 400 microwave transmission equipment. The information is based on the IDU firmware version 3.00.37. Additional information is available in the manual iPasolink 400 Installation, Operation and Maintenance (NWD-115474-05E). iPasolink 200 and iPasolink 1000 are very similar; however, there are some differences due to hardware configurations. Reference is made to the appropriate equipment manuals.
Appendix D contains a quick provisioning guide. The quick guide is based on the configuration files that have to be copied to the equipment before using the quick setup. The configuration files have to be customised for each customer’s basic HW configuration. Rebooting of the equipment with traffic interruption will take place when the configuration file is copied to the equipment.
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
The microwave transmission family (iPasolink 100/200, 400 and 1000) enables full duplex wireless
transmission between two modems at a rate of over 400 Mbit/s per direction. With XPIC and radio channel aggregation, over 800 Mbit/s per radio channel can be achived.
The interfaces are based on the Ethernet, PDH and SDH standards.
Frequency division duplex is used. A pair of channels separated by certain duplex spacing is required. iPasolink uses licensed frequency bands. The frequency administration provides interference-free channels to different operators based on frequency planning: transmitter powers and antenna sizes etc are
specified. Alternatively, in some countries, the operator may be given a block allocation of spectrum and the operator is then responsible for the proper frequency planning inside the block. In any case, the correct operation is only possible with proper frequency planning so that adequate signal-to-interference margin is available. Moreover, the microwave hop has to be planned according to current ITU-R methods in order to ensure sufficient margin against fading.
NEC iPasolink uses the traditional split mount installation method: indoor unit (IDU), coaxial cable, outdoor unit (ODU) and antenna. Different products of the iPasolink 100/200/400/1000 family may interface over the air with certain limitations regarding maximum modulation. Fully outdoor versions (iPasolink AX, SX and EX) are also available but are not over-the-air compatible with iPasolink 100, 200, 400 or 1000.
The indoor unit contains the baseband interfaces (nxE1, STM-1, FE or GbE) as well as modems, a power supply (or supplies) and a control unit with NMS interfaces. The interconnecting cable uses intermediate frequencies below 400 MHz for the data and control signals. It feeds the power to the outdoor unit at -48
V. The frequency bands available cover the standard bands 6 to 42 GHz. Microwave signals do not penetrate buildings, vegetation or terrain nor bend around obstacles. Therefore the antenna has to be placed on top of a tall building or on a tall tower or mast in order to provide free line-of-sight connection to the opposite end.
IPASOLINK 400
This guide is based on the middle-sized member of the family, the iPasolink 400. It may contain up to four (4) modems. Each modem can provide Ethernet L2 capacity 10 to 400 Mbit/s or PDH/SDH capacity up to 152 x E1 or 2 x STM-1 or various combinations. The actual capacity depends on the available channel width and available signal to noise/interference ratio and the fade margin required to fulfil the availability targets. In the most basic configuration only one of the four slots contains a modem. The main card has always FE/GbE and E1 interfaces. The other slots may contain additional GbE, SDH or E1 interfaces or modems. In addition, TDM over packet (PWE), Synchronous Ethernet etc. options are available.
The highest capacities (400 Mbit/s) require access to a frequency band with 55 to 60 MHz channel spacing, typically such channels are available in the upper 6 GHz, 18 GHz, 32 GHz or 38 GHz bands. On such bands where the maximum spacing is only 27.5 or 28 MHz, the maximum capacity per modem is limited to about 200 Mbit/s. If necessary, two modems can share the same channel by using orthogonal polarizations and XPIC (cross-polarization interference canceller). In such a setup the maximum combined capacity is about 400 Mbit/s (27.5 or 28 MHz channels) or about 800 Mbit/s (55 or 56 MHz channels).
The element management connection is based on Ethernet/IP transmission. All elements should be connected to an EMS (PNMSj or MS5000). Within each iPasolink cluster the management traffic is carried internally and separated from the customer traffic. A dedicated gateway connection (NMS port) to the management data communication network (DCN) is typically used at the “root” element of the cluster. Another solution is to use a traffic interface at the root element (in-band connection to root element).
In the unit in Fig. 1 two modems (left) and a GbE interface card (right) have been installed. The unused slot is covered by a blank cover. In the lower part are (from the left): the main card, a power supply, an unused power supply slot and the fan unit.
COMPATIBLE OUTDOOR UNITS
Figure 2. Compatible outdoor units.
Indoor units: IHG is the latest version, silver coloured. NHG2 is white on the higher bands and beige on the lowers bands whereas the NHG and the 6 to 11 GHz NGH2 look identical.
Any two IDUs belonging to the iPasolink 100/200/400/1000 family can be connected over the air. Note that iPasolink IDU cannot interface to a previous generation (e.g. PASOLINK NEO) IDU. However, older
generation ODUs can be reused with iPasolink IDUs. There are certain limitations presented below. NHG
NHG does not support 256QAM or higher modulations; only 128QAM and lower modulations formats are guaranteed to work properly. When used with iPasolink IDU the FW version of the NHG ODU has to be 3.50 or later. This upgraded ODU will not work with a Pasolink NEO IDU any more - unless FW is downgraded back to 3.50.
NHG2
NHG2 FW 4.06 works only with an iPasolink IDU. Earlier FW versions than 4.06 work only with Pasolink NEO IDU. The recommended NHG2 FW version is 5.08 or later, which are compatible with both Pasolink NEO
and iPasolink indoor units. NHG2 upgrade to level 5.08 from lower level than 4.90.0 is a two-step upgrade: to level 4.90.0 first and then to level 5.08 or later.
IHG
IHG FW version should be 5.08 or later. IHG will then work with iPasolink and PASOLINK NEO.
BLOCK DIAGRAMS
The block diagram of iPasolink 400 Indoor Unit (IDU) is presented in Figure 3. The Outdoor Unit (ODU) is described in Figure 4.
The IDU main card has a separate TDM switch and a packet network L2 switch. It supports natively both circuit-switched TDM as well as packet-switched Ethernet transport modes. In addition the equipment supports the ”TDM-over-Ethernet” mode when equipped with the PWE option.
The modulator part of the modem generates an intermediate frequency signal. It is modulated by the digital baseband signals and sent up to the ODU. The demodulator part demodulates the intermediate frequency signal coming down from the ODU.
The demodulator includes an adaptive equalizer which repairs the linear distortions (poor amplitude and phase response of the channel) caused by multipath fading. It also includes a FEC (Forward Error Correction code) which is able to correct bit errors even very close to the threshold receive level. The system is almost error-free until very close to the threshold and the transition to outage is within a couple of dB.
It is possible to equip the iPasolink 400 and 1000 IDUs with two redundant power supplies. Interruption of one -48V supply voltage or a fault in one power supply unit will not cause any traffic interruption. Note: iPasolink 100/200 has two independent connections to external -48V voltage but does not contain a redundant power supply unit.
Figure 3. iPasolink 400 IDU, block diagram.
Figure 4. IHG ODU, block diagram.
The Outdoor Unit (ODU) generates the final microwave signal using the IF signal from the IDU by upconverting it one or two times (MIX). The output of the mixer is band-pass filtered (BPF) in order to remove the unwanted mixing products and then power amplified (PA). In the receive direction there is a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) and a mixer/filter which generates the receive direction IF signal. The local oscillator (LO) frequencies are synthesized and controlled by the Control unit (CTRL). Transmitter output power is fine-controlled automatically according to the modulation used and optionally based on the remote end received power (Automatic Transmit Power Control, ATPC).
Both the modem in the IDU and the ODU contain a duplexer (DUP, MPX) which combines the different directions of transmission to the same cable connector. The ODU power supply uses the DC voltage (-48V)
connected to the single coaxial cable centre conductor. The ODU can be mounted up to 500 metres from the IDU, when a high-quality (e.g. ½ inch low-loss) coaxial cable is used.
AVAILABLE CONFIGURATIONS
UNPROTECTED HOP
The most basic configuration is a 1+0 or unprotected hop between a pair of modems. A single iPasolink 400 IDU can have up to four (4) 1+0 connections to separate sites. In this maximum configuration four ODUs, four antennas and four coaxial cables are needed together with one IDU and four modems.
PROTECTED CONFIGURATIONS
If the requirement for the service restoration time after a failure is very strict, there is no time to go to the site to replace the failed unit. In some cases the Service Level Agreement (SLA) does not allow any service interruption caused by equipment failures. In such cases a 1+1 protected hop can be used. Both
transmitters may be transmitting always, each using a separate channel (frequency diversity, twin path). Alternatively the spare transmitter is activated and the main transmitter muted only during a transmitter failure (hot standby). In both solutions the receivers and demodulators are always activated and the IDU will select the better (less bit errors) signal for processing.
The reliability (MTBF) of iPasolink is very high, which means that the traffic MTBF of the 1+1-solution is extremely high, provided that the first fault is repaired within a reasonable time (within a few days). The main disadvantage - in addition to double equipment cost - of the 1+1-solution is that the number of equipment faults will double compared to the 1+0 solution. As an expample: if the equipment MTBF of a 1+0 hop is 100 years, then the MTBF of a 1+1 hop is approximately 50 years. But the traffic MTBF of a 1+1 hop could be perhaps 1000 years, however, depending on the fault repair time. Another disadvantage of the 1+1 twin path solution is that only 50% of available capacity per MHz is in actual use.
ETHERNET PROTECTION USING 2+0 OR XPIC 1+0
A more cost efficient solution to protect Ethernet connections is to use 2+0 (or XPIC 1+0) on the same hop. The traffic is then distributed between two modems and ODUs. The normal capacity could be as high as 800 Mbit/s. In case of a failure of an ODU, as an example, the traffic may still use the other ODU at 400 Mbit/s.
It is possible to use a dual-polarised antenna with XPIC (Fig. 7). It should be noted that the partial
equipment protection using “1+0 XPIC” is not fully automatic: the non-functional side transmitter has to be muted manually in order to operate the remaining side at full speed.
RADIO TRAFFIC AGGREGATION
When using L2 aggregation, a single “stream” is not distributed to the two radio paths due to the known limitation of the standard LAG method. Several streams (e.g. different MAC DA or SA) are needed in order to use the full capacity.
The more advanced NEC proprietary L1 aggregation (Physical RTA, PRTA) method will create a genuine combined Ethernet port towards the air and even a single Ethernet stream can use the full capacity. Modem versions supporting L1 aggregation PRTA: see Table 6 below (page 24).
CONFIGURATION DIAGRAMS
Figures 5 to 7 present the available configurations for iPasolink.
Figure 5. Basic configurations
From top to bottom, Figure 5 shows first a basic 1+0 hop, then a 1+1 Hot Standby (HS) and finally a three-antenna Space Diversity (SD) solution combined with HS protection.
A single antenna is used with a hybrid (HYB). The hybrid will cause some extra attenuation in the radio path, with a corresponding loss in the fade margin and increase in the outage time caused by fading. The three-antenna SD solution is thus less effective than a genuine SD solution. In addition the space diversity in the right-to-left direction is based on transmitter switching, which is not hitless (bit errors when switching over).
Figure 6. Additional configurations.
Figure 6 shows on the top a HS/SD solution using four antennas per hop. This is the best solution for long hops: no loss of fade margin and switching is hitless in both directions.
The middle solution is 2+0, i.e. two working channels and no protection channel. However, considering Ethernet traffic, 2+0 has some protection against a single equipment failure. Two separate radio channels are required and when properly configured, when a fault occurs in an ODU or modem, L2 or L1 aggregated packet traffic is automatically rerouted to the remaining working channel. Half of the packet capacity is still available when one channel is faulty.
The bottom configuration in Fig. 6 is an aggregation node solution: separate sites connected to a single IDU and a single Ethernet connector. One or more radio channels will be needed depending on the angular spacing of antenna directions. In principle 4+0 without XPIC can be even used on a single hop but then four radio channels are needed.
It is possible to use less radio channels on the same hop using XPIC and crossed polarizations (Figure 7 below). The modems are interconnected using XPIC cables. The system calculates the original signals using all available information, i.e. both IF signals are connected to both modems.
Figure 7. XPIC configurations.
Figure 7, top, shows a basic XPIC 1+0 (could be called XPIC 2+0 as well). It uses a single channel pair, two polarizations and four modems per hop over a single antenna per site. Double capacity is achieved without using any extra spectrum. Note: 1+0 XPIC partial protection for aggregated packet traffic is not automatic. When a fault occurs preventing the use of XPIC, the interfering transmitter has to be manually muted (either locally or remotely) in order to remove the interference and allow maximum speed operation of the remaining modem.
This solution uses a dual-polarized antenna with an integrated Orthomode Transducer (OMT). Four ODUs can be attached directly to a single antenna without any cables or waveguides between the antenna and the ODU.
The middle part of Figure 7 shows a 1+1 XPIC solution: it is protected against modem, cable and ODU faults. A single fault will not affect the traffic capacity. This solution uses a hybrid connection between antenna and the ODUs to connect two ODUs at a different frequency to the same antenna port.
The last solution with separate IDUs is the most complex but also best protected against equipment failures. An external Ethernet switch is required at each end for traffic rerouting. Switching or load balancing can be based on Link Loss Forwarding (LLF) or Link Aggregation Group (LAG). This solution protects against practically all IDU failures.
XPIC requires the use of dual-polarized antennas. If an XPIC upgrade is anticipated, a dual-polarized antenna with an integral OMT for two or four ODUs may be installed initially. The unused ports are protected by blanking plates and gaskets and the empty fixing screw holes should be fitted with a screw, washer and rubber washer in order to keep the OMT interface clean and ready for ODU and cable installation later.
ASYMMETRICAL HOPS
Often the two ends of the hop are identical. But it is possible to use a different IDU (e.g. iPasolink 400 or 1000 in the aggregation node and iPasolink 200 or 100 in the remote end). The interface type can be different (e.g. FE in the remote IDUs, optical GE in the aggregation IDU). Several Ethernet ports may be used in one end and aggregated to a single port in the other end.
Similarly, it is possible to aggregate n x E1 interfaces of a long chain of links to a single STM-1 interface at the trunk network node. In other words, the E1 channels of a modem can be cross-connected to the 16 x E1 connector of the main card, to another modem or to a time slot in the STM-1 connection.
EXTERNAL CONNECTION SPEED AND RADIO PATH CAPACITY
The total L1 capacity of the external Ethernet interfaces of an IDU may well exceed the available radio path capacity. This is normal, of course. The type and speed of the external interface is selected based on the external requirements. It is the sum of the L2 traffic carried by the interfaces at a given moment (plus the available buffering capacity in iPasolink) that must fit in the radio channel. Note that iPasolink only transmits the L2 bytes over the air. Constant L1 overhead bytes are removed and restored by the system (L1 compression). For this reason the corresponding external L1 speed is always greater than the L2 capacity needed to transmit the information at the air interface (Figure 8).
Figure 8. Typical Ethernet frame. Preamble, Start of frame delimiter and Interframe gap (L1 overhead) are never transmitted over the air. Optionally also MAC destination and Mac source adresses may be compressed.
The highlighted octets (20 octets) in Figure 8 are removed and instead three octets are added for internal purposes. The net compression is 17 octets per frame. The effect of compression is only significant when frames are very short (in the order of 64 to 512 octets). There is no compression gain at all when the average frame size is large (e.g. 1500 octets/frame).
Optionally L2 layer compression of MAC addresses can be used. This will remove almost 12 octets, assuming that only a very few MAC addresses are in use at a given time. In the same way as for L1 compression, removing some octets has no significance when the average frame size is large. When talking about link capacity, it is always recommended to define if it is measured at the external interface at L1 level (including and counting all octets) or if it is the L2 capacity. The difference is only significant when small frames are used for the measurement.
IPASOLINK CAPACITY
Table 1 shows examples of maximum capacities available in iPasolink currently. Modulation Channel Spacing (MHz) Frame size (L2 octets) Radio capacity L2 + internal (Mbit/s) External L1 capacity occupied (Mbit/s) L2 capacity transmitted (Mbit/s) 256QAM 56 64 367 460 350 256QAM 56 1500 367 371 366 256QAM 56 8000 367 367 367 512QAM 56 64 412 517 394 512QAM 56 1500 412 417 412 512QAM 56 8000 412 413 412
Table 1. Example capacities at various frame sizes (L2 MAC compression not used)
The above figures show how the L1 capacity required at the external interface is much larger than the radio capacity used for small frames. On the other hand, the available L2 radio capacity is best used with large frames (internal use of three octets per frame becomes negligible).
For a reference, Table 2 shows the standard 1000 Mbit/s GbE L2 speeds for the same frame sizes as above. As always, the available L2 speed depends on the frame size and the L1/L2 difference vanishes with large frames.
Frame size (L2 octets) L1 capacity (Mbit/s) L2 capacity (Mbit/s) 64 1000 761,9 1500 1000 986,8 8000 1000 997,5
Table 2. GbE interface L2 capacity also depends on the frame size.
If the average frame size were only 64 octets, there would be a problem fitting the 2+0 maximum capacity at 56 MHz and 512QAM into a single GbE interface. This is because the total L2 speed is 2 x 394 = 788M, which would need over 1 Gbit/s at interface L1 speed (2 x 517 = 1034M). In other words two modems could send more packets than a single GbE interface can handle.
In practise the average packet size is always much larger than 64 octets, perhaps 500-1000 octets, and then the GbE interface can handle all the packets delivered by two modems.
The compression can become an interpretation problem when measuring the link capacity with the smallest frame size. If the capacity is defined using the smallest frames only, that capacity cannot be achieved with real traffic and a larger average frame size. This may cause SLA problems between the operator and the end customer. It is recommended that the capacity is defined and measured using the largest possible frames which will remove the L1/L2 difference. Then the real capacity achievable is always slightly larger than the measured one.
Table 3 shows iPasolink radio capacities with each available modulation and channel spacing. This value is practically identical with the L1 and L2 capacity when the average frame size is 1500 octets or larger. (1024QAM and 2048QAM are preliminary values).
Radio capacity (Mbit/s)
Modulation Channel spacing 7MHz 14MHz 28MHz 56MHz QPSK 10 22 45 91 16QAM 22 45 91 183 32QAM 27 56 113 228 64QAM 33 67 136 274 128QAM 39 79 159 320 256QAM 45 90 182 366 512QAM - - 205 412 (1024QAM) - - (228) (458) (2048QAM) - - (251) (504)
QOS AND OVERPROVISIONING
If the traffic coming to the IDU is very bursty and time-variable, so called “overprovisioning” (or
“overbooking”) of the radio is a possible method for cost savings. Due to the statistical variation and the fact that the traffic peaks seldom occur simultaneously. The combined traffic has a peak value less than the sum of the peak values of contributing interfaces.
The random nature of real traffic will sometimes cause the radio channel to be overloaded. This will happen more often when unfavourable weather conditions force the use of lower modulation formats (when adaptive modulation, AMR, is used). Overprovisioning must take into account overloading conditions and the priority of frames must be considered. Obviously less important traffic and non-realtime traffic should be dropped first.
iPasolink can use statistical multiplexing very effectively because it understands the incoming frame priority, it may shape the traffic and there is a queuing mechanism to the radio path.
The operator should design the radio capacity based on the traffic statistics and SLA requirements and define the QoS parameters required in the radio.
ADAPTIVE MODULATION
As was the case already with the previous generation PASOLINK NEO HP AMR, iPasolink may use adaptive modulation (AMR) which improves the reliability of high priority traffic or alternatively increases the available capacity for lower priority traffic during majority of time. AMR is especially important when using high modulation formats with lower sensitivity and lower fade margin resulting in higher equipment costs such as larger antenna. With AMR different traffic classes may have a different fade margin and availability.
Figure 9. Adaptive modulation.
An example: the most cost-efficient solution could be that a nominally 366 Mbit/s hop is designed for 99,9993% availability for 16QAM 183 Mbit/s for “Business Critical and Real Time” traffic. For Best Effort traffic, the full 366 Mbit/s 256QAM availability could be 99,993% of time. In this manner, the last 25% of traffic (e.g. Real Time) would have practically 100% availability (91 Mbit/s QPSK). This kind of availability
design is of course based on the empirical rain and multipath fading models for the average worst month. No real guarantee for the availability due to weather conditions can be given, but statistically the designed hops will meet the targets.
A more expensive solution would be to design the hop for 99,999% availability for the full 256QAM 366 Mbit/s. This would mean using larger antennas and/or shorter hop lengths (i.e. additional CAPEX). The adaptive modulation would then ensure that high priority traffic at lower capacity would have much better availability.
It is crucial that the hop attenuation after aligning the antenna is correct when compared to the fade margin calculation. If the designed fade margin is not available, the availability for the various traffic classes cannot be achieved.
MAIN SPECIFICATIONS
The following tables present the main technical specifications of the iPasolink 400 equipment. Some performance data are given in Appendix A.
PDH SDH LAN
ODU frequency bands 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 15, 18, 23, 26, 28, 32, 38, 42 GHz Capacity per modem (*512QAM
Modem HW 2.00 and later)
152 x E1 (256QAM) 1x155 Mbit/s tai 2x155 Mbit/s< 412 Mbit/s* External line signals and
interfaces
E1 (ITU-T G.703) 75/120 ohms
MDR-68 female (16xE1) (See Appendix B and C).
S-1.1/L-1.1 (ITU-T G.957): LC ITU-T G.703: DIN 1.0/2.3 10/100/1000 Base-T(X):RJ-45 1000 Base-SX/LX: LC IDU-ODU connectors, cable
attenuation allowed
ODU: N-female 50 ohms IDU: TNC-female 50 ohms
Maximum attenuation: 25 dB at 340 MHz (E.g. Draka RFA ½” > 500m)
ODU RX level monitor connector F-female (DC voltage proportional to the input level at antenna port) Channel spacing and radio capacity QPSK 7/14/28/56 MHz 11/22/45/91 Mbit/s 16QAM 7/14/28/56 MHz 22/45/91/183 Mbit/s 32QAM 7/14/28/56 MHz 28/56/114/229 Mbit/s 128QAM 7/14/28/56 MHz 39/79/160/320 Mbit/s 256QAM 7/14/28/56 MHz 45/90/183/366 Mbit/s 512QAM -/-/28/56 MHz -/-/205/412 Mbit/s Environmental conditions (ODU for outdoor use, IDU for temperature-controlled indoor use or outdoor cabinet with similar conditions)
Full specifications: ODU: -33…+50 ˚C, IDU: -5…+50 ˚C Operation guaranteed: ODU: -40…+55 ˚C, IDU: -10…+55 ˚C Transportation: ODU, IDU: -40…+70 ˚C
Relative humidity: ODU: 100 % IDU:
90 % (no condensing allowed) Power supply -48 VDC (-40,5… -57 VDC),Fuse/over current protection > 10A (6A for max 3 x ODU) Power consumption (1+0) ODU: 30 W (6-11 GHz), 23 W (13-52 GHz)
IDU:
45 W + 10W/modem + 8W/GbE-cardTotal < 210 W (fully equipped, feeding four 6 GHz ODUs) Mechanical data ODU: 237(l)x237(w)x101(h); ~3-3,5 kg
IDU: 19” 1U (483x44x240mm); ~3-4 kg (including plug-in units) LCT (local element
management)
LCT port: RJ45 10/100Base-T using a web browser Management port NMS/NE ports: RJ-45 10/100 Base-T
Service Channels (SC) RS-232C 9600 bit/s 2 ch., V.11 64/192 kbit/s 2ch; D-44 female (See App. F) External relay output/input
(AUX/ALM)
D-44 female (See Appendix F)
Others USB-port for a memory stick (USB v.2.0)
Switching capacity 48 Gbit/s (theoretical, exceeds the maximum interface capacity available per IDU)
MAC-table Address table per each VLAN 128k (configurable)
VLAN
802.1Q port and tag, tunnel 802.1ad port and tag, selective 4094 VLAN ID per IDU
MEF9 certified EPL, EVPL and ELAN; L2CP tunnelling (multicast frame
filtering/forwarding configurable) Jumbo frames max. 2000/9600 octets (FE/GE)
QoS
Ingress ports
Configurable mapping QoS -> internal priority: based on VLAN CoS/IPv4 DSCP/IPv6 DSCP/MPLS Exp
Configurable mapping internal priority -> 4/8 egress queues (port based setting: default one to one and two user profiles plus one user-defined DSCP profile i.e. four profiles total per IDU)
MEF/RFC4115 based ”policing” (CIR/EIR/CBS/EBS) per QoS-class and optionally per VLAN
For each egress port
Queuing 4 or 8 classes 4xSP, 4xDWRR, SP+3xDWRR, 8xSP, SP+7xDWRR, 2xSP+6xDWRR,
Shaping per class
Buffer size setting per class Yellow/Green threshold per class Egress port shaping
ETH OAM 802.1ag Service OAM (CC/LB/LT)
Y.1731 PM (LM/DM)
Equipment/traffic protection STP/RSTP, G.8032v2 ERPS (Ethernet Ring) Traffic aggregation over the air 802.1AX, 1:1 LACP redundancy; RTA load
balancing based on L2 (MAC, VID, TPID, port) or L3 (IP source and destination, both TCP/UDP port numbers), frame ordering preserved; maximum speed per stream is equal to single modem speed; Physical RTA: maximum speed per stream equal to combined capacity minus a small overhead Synchronous Ethernet Supported (optional clock module required)
TDM PWE RFC4533 SAToP (MEF8)
Other Link Loss Forwarding, Mirror/Monitor, Broadcast
Storm Control, L2 Filter, Port Isolation Table 5. iPasolink 400 Ethernet-switch main characteristics
IDU CONFIGURATIONS
Table 6 lists the available plug-in unit options.
Type number Name Description
NWA-055298-001 MC-A4 Control unit with
16E1(MDR) + 2GbE(RJ45)+ 2GbE(SFP) – mandatory
NWA-055300-xxx*) MODEM-A
Modem can be installed in universal slots 1 to 4, optional. TNC connector (female) for the ODU-cable. Grounding connector. Modem power switch. XPIC-connectors. 512QAM supported HW-version 2.00 and later
NWA-055303-001
NWA-055303-101 GbE-A 2GbE(T) + 2GbE(SFP) interface card for slots 1 to 4, optional
NWA-060926-002-01 Sumitomo SCP6G44-GL-CWH LX SFP LX SFP Module 1000 Mbit/s NWA-060926-003-01
Finisar FCLF8521P2BTL GbE T (TRI) SFP Electrical GbE (TRI-MODE) SFP: 10/100/1000 BASE-T
NWA-055294-001,-002 FAN-C Fan unit, mandatory
NWA-055310-001 PS-A4 Power supply unit (one mandatory, second optional)
CBE-009983-001,-003 136147-3 SFP-port protecting plug
NWM-034915-001 BLANK COVER Universal Slot blank cover (mandatory when Universal Slot empty) NWM-034910-001 BLANK COVER Power Supply blank cover (mandatory when PS not installed in slot)
NEC-XCB-1023-0,4 XPIC CABLE XPIC cable 40 cm, two cables per XPIC modem pair
NWA-055302-001
NWA-055302-101 16E1-A 16 x E1 interface card for universal slots 1 to 4, optional NWA-055304-004
NWA-055304-104 STM1-A
STM-1 interface card for universal slots 1 to 4
Optical Interface(S-1.1)/(L-1.1) or Electrical G.703, optional
NWA-055306-001 MSE-A PWE-card for universal slots 1 to 4, optional. For transporting E1 over Ethernet packets.
NWA-055307-001 AUX-A
Additional interfaces (ALM, EOW, NE2) , for universal slots 1 to 4, optional.
NWA-055289-002 CLK2M-C
Clock module, installed on the MC-A4 card, required for Synchronous Ethernet and SDH-demultiplexing. Optional. Can be retrofitted in the field.
Table 6. IDU cards
*) xxx = 001 (discontinued); 202 = ASIC version; 102 = PRTA version (required for L1 physical Radio Traffic Aggregation); 322 = unified version, available 9/2012.
Limitation: the SFP modules installed in each MC-A4, GbE-A or STM1-A SFP port have to be identical or the right port empty. Third party SFP modules do not generate an alarm (note: FW version dependent) but correct operation is guaranteed only for an SFP delivered by NEC.
Figure 10 presents the plug-in unit configurations in the indoor unit and Figure 11 depicts the plug-in units.
Figure 10. Indoor unit NWA-055268-001 and its ODU connection
PDH-INTERFACES
The control unit (main card) MC-A4 and 16E1-A-card MDR68-connector and pin layout is identical with the Pasolink NEO HP AMR MDR68-connector. See Appendix B and the section on ”PDH provisioning”.
MANAGEMENT AND AUXILIARY INTERFACES
MC-A4- and/or AUX-A-card (optional) provide the following management and auxiliary interfaces (Table 7).
Interface Description MC-A4
(channels)
AUX-A (channels)
Note
HK-ALM
(IDU alarms and external inputs) IN - 6 OUT 2 4 OW (engineering order wire) Plug for headset 1 - Push button for buzzer 1 - EXT IN/OUT - 2 DSC (Digital Service Channel) V.11 2 - 64 or 192 kbit/s synchronous/asynchronous RS-232C 2 - asynchronous DCN (Data Communications Network) LCT 1 - 10/100BaseT(X) DHCP server at 172.17.254.253 (fixed) NMS 1 - 10/100BaseT(X) IP address configurable NE1 1 - DCN: 10/100BaseT(X) IP address configurable User traffic: 10/100/1000Base-T NE2 - 1 9.6 kbit/s RS-485 asynchronous
USB 1 - IDU/ODU FW updates,
configuration file backup/restore
EXT Clock IN/OUT
2 Mbit/s or 2 MHz
1 - CLK2M-C module required
Table 7. Other interfaces.
The serial interface (V.11 and RS-232C) pin layout is presented in Appendix C. The external clock (EXT CLK) connections are included in the same connector but they are activated only when using the CLK2M-C module.
INDOOR UNIT CONFIGURATIONS
Figure 12. Modem positions for various single and dual IDU setups
Figure 12 presents a summary on possible modem positions when using a single or dual IDU setup. For additional detais, see the Ordering Guide.
ORDERING CODES
See the Price List and the Ordering Guide for the ordering codes.
PREINSTALLED LICENSES
When agreed between the customer and NEC, the IDU may have all the licenses preinstalled. Certain functionalities are then always paid for and available for immediate use. Certain functions require additional payment before use. See the Price List and the Ordering Guide for details.
In case of a missing license key, it has to be prepared and delivered by the factory for installation. The following serial numbers are required and are associated with the license key:
- iPasolink 200: IDU serial number
- iPasolink 400: MC-A4 card serial number - iPasolink 1000: serial number of TERM-M card
SAFETY ISSUES
The following presents some basic safety issues related to microwave installations.
OPEN WAVEGUIDE AND OPTICAL CONNECTORS
During the installation and operation it is important to remember at all times that any open microwave connection (waveguide or coaxial) will radiate microwave signals. Similarly, open optical connectors may emit invisible optical signals. These signals may damage the eye permanently if the connector is too close to the eye. The risk is a microwave-induced cataract or laser burn damage of the retina. The damage is similar to any burn damage and is caused by excessive heating of the tissue and occurs almost
instantaneously.
AVOID THE FRONT OF T HE ANTENNA
One should avoid the intense radiation close to any radiating aperture unless the system has been designed for close human exposure. The appropriate national safety regulations have to be followed. Microwave antennas may cause radiation fields exceeding the regulated limits. Working in front of an antenna should be avoided when the transmitter is switched on.
RADIATION MONITORING DEVICES
It is recommended that the installation crews use personal radiation monitoring devices. They are most useful when working close to high power HF/VHF/UHF transmitting antennas, in order to ensure that power has been switched off or reduced to a safe level.
There are no cumulative long-term radiation effects known for non-ionizing radiation such as microwaves. The damage is caused only when the tissue temperature increases too much. Low level non-ionizing radiation below the excessive heating level is not known to cause any long-term effects. In this respect microwave radiation differs from X-ray, alpha, beta and gamma radiation, where no safe limit exists and it is the total cumulative dosage that matters.
For monitoring microwave radiation the monitoring devices are not as useful as in case of HF/VHF/UHF radiation. The radiation is very local. When the upper body is in front of a microwave antenna, the
monitoring device hanging on the belt may not see any significant levels even if the legal safe limit is locally exceeded.
SAFETY DISTANCE FOR THE PUBLIC EXPOSURE
The antenna must not be installed in such a place where it causes too high exposure to the public. The safe distance depends on the transmitter power, antenna size and frequency band. In case of iPasolink the safe distance is presented in Table 12. The calculation assumes maximum two (2) IHG ODUs per antenna and the assumed legal limit is 10 W/m2. The calculation is based on the “far field formula”, which is always on the safe side.
Antenna diameter (m) F (GHz) 0,3 0,6 1,2 1,8 2,4 3 6 3,6 7,2 10,8 14,4 18,0 7 4,2 8,4 12,6 16,8 21,0 13 2,5 4,9 9,9 14,8 18 3,0 6,1 12,2 23 3,9 7,8 15,5
Table 12. Safety distance in front of the antenna (metres). Two IHG ODU per antenna.
The radiation is concentrated in front of the antenna aperture and the zone to avoid is a cylinder with the length indicated and diameter equal to antenna diameter. E.g. for a 7 GHz 3m antenna the safety zone is a cylinder 3m by 21m in front of the antenna. In practice some extra margin should be given, especially when it is easily available.
In reality the far field formula overestimates the power density near the antenna. Therefore the distances are in most cases pessimistic, especially in case of large diameter antennas it may well be that the 10 W/m2 limit is not exceeded at any distance from the antenna.
One should be aware that the worst hot spot is usually 1 to 3 antenna diameter from the antenna aperture on the antenna symmetry axis. Another rule of thumb is that the maximum intensity is larger for a smaller antenna. The most dangerous “antenna” is an open waveguide (i.e. very small radiating aperture). The safety zone for a large antenna can be very long but the maximum intensity much lower than in case of a small antenna.
INDOOR UNIT INSTALLATION
The indoor unit is installed in a 19-inch or ETSI rack. The delivery includes brackets for both racks. There is an AMP-power connector included in the box but it is recommended to use a factory-made power cable. The indoor unit is cabled as usual (grounding, power cable, Ethernet, E1, SDH, management). It is not necessary to connect all E1 channels to the external connector and connection frame: internal cross-connection can be used for E1 signals between modems. Same applies for Ethernet.
VENTILATION
iPasolink does not necessarily require any free space above and below the IDU due to cooling, but there has to be enough free space on each side of the IDU inside the rack, because the air intake and fan exhaust is on the side.
Free space may be required when there is some other equipment requiring free space for cooling. Also cabling is easier when there is free space between units. Labelling of the modems is easier on the top side of the IDU. Therefore it is recommended to leave 1U of free space above and below each IDU.
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS
According to the specifications, the indoor unit operates within -5 to +50 degrees Celsius and the maximum non-condensing relative humidity is 90 per cent.
The limits indicate the allowed short-term temperatures, e.g. during cooling system failure. Long-term average temperatures should be kept as low as possible, however, because a high average temperature will decrease the MTBF of any electronic equipment. The number of failures will typically double when the average temperature increases by 10 degrees.
The indoor units should not be installed close to the ceiling: the distance should be at least one metre.
Hot air currents should be avoided (eg. the exhaust of a base station cabinet fan).
POWER CONNECTION
The indoor unit PS-A4 card -48V connector should be connected to a 10A fuse or automatic circuit breaker. This is sufficient when using a 2 x 1.5mm2 power cable and takes into account the fact that the current will increase when the battery voltage drops. Smaller fuses (6A) might blow when the IDU is fully equipped and the battery drains during a power failure in the site.
Figure 13. Power supply connector
Pins number 1 and 2 are internally connected on the equipment side (-48V) and so are pins 2 and 3 (0 V). It is not necessary to connect all four pins when using 2 x 1.5mm cables. Connect e.g. pin 1 and 4 only. The connector housing is Tyco Electronics 1-178288-4 which will accept four pieces of connector pins, type number 1-175218-2 (Figure 14). These connector pins (female) are for 0.5 to 1.3mm2 wires. The connector kit is included in the standard delivery. It is in practise suitable up to 1.5 mm2 fine stranded wires as well.
ASSEMBLING THE POWER CABLE
Normally a ready-made DC cable should be used. Field installation of the connector should be done only exceptionally.
It is recommended to use the appropriate tool Tyco Electronics TE 91558-1. Please note that the insulation is attached separately from the wire (remove the insulation for 3 to 3.5mm only). It may be necessary to flatten the insulation with pliers or similar in order to push the connector pin inside the connector housing. Do not bend the guide blades. Each pin has to be pushed in until it locks audibly. Test each pin by pulling back; the connector must not move back from the housing.
Figure 14. Connector pin. The two guide blades (at the centre of the pin pointing upwards) should not be bent. Crimp the insulation blades and the conductor barrel only.
ETHERNET CABLE CONNECTIONS
The Ethernet cabling is done in the usual manner: electrical using Cat6 cables and optical using LX-type cables with LC-connectors. Alternatively SX-type SFPs are available.
When inserting the SFP modules make sure that the module is locked in place (keep the latch in the locked or up position). Remove by pressing the latch fully down until the module is released. Never try to pull the SFP out when the latch is not pressed fully down.
All optical connectors should be cleaned using a cleaning tool. Empty connectors have to be protected with plugs.
PDH CONNECTIONS
There are several types of ready-made E1 cables available (8 channels and 16 channels), one end with MDR68, the other end without any connector or with a connector suitable for a I/O-board. Please consult the price list.
ODU INSTALLATION
iPasolink uses frequency division duplex and therefore ODU is always either a LOW or HIGH version working on the same sub band. The LOW version has the transmit frequency lower than the receive frequency and HIGH version is of course the opposite. Each hop has to have one HIGH and one LOW type ODU of the same sub band. Moreover, the correct site has to use HIGH as instructed by the frequency planner (given in the
license). Note that all ODUs on the same site have to be either HIGH or LOW, if they use the same frequency band.
The ODU version is indicated as HIGH or LOW on the box and on the ODU label.
Andrew antennas are installed on a steel tube with outer diameter 48 to 115 mm (0.3m and 0.6m), 65 to 115mm (0.8m) or 115 mm (1.2m and larger).
Aerial Oy antennas use 100mm installation tubes.
The ODU mounting brackets for separate installation are designed for a tube of 48 to 115 mm outer diameter.
6 GHZ ODU WITH STANDARD WAVEGUIDE
6 GHZ ODU may use either N-type coaxial or PDR70 type waveguide interface. It should be installed separately.
An installation bracket without any adapter is required for the ODU. Either a coaxial cable or flexible wave guide is installed between the ODU and a separately installed antenna. In case of the waveguide ODU version with PDR70 the flexible and twistable waveguide should have a UDR70 flange at the ODU end. The gasket (O-ring) has to be installed for weather-proofing. The waveguide should be attached at the middle in order to avoid vibration damage caused by wind. The attachment method must not change the shape of the waveguide, the bending radius has to be sufficient and twisting should be minimized.
Note. If a “pressurized” e.g. a PDR-flange must interface another identical flange, then a double thickness gasket (O-ring) is required or at least two normal-size gaskets are needed. Usually PDR will interface to UDR with a normal gasket.
In case of N-type coaxial ODU, the interconnecting cable would be N-type and the antenna would need to have either an N-type connector or to be equipped with a N to PDR70 adapter.
SEPARATE INSTALLATIO N OF 7 AND 13 GHZ DIRECT MOUNT ODU
The “antenna direct mount” type ODUs for 7 GHz and 13 GHz are possible to install directly to the antenna using the NEC proprietary antenna interface. It is also possible to use a separate installation using a waveguide. The ODU installation bracket will then have an adapter from NEC interface to the appropriate IEC standard waveguide interface.
7 GHz uses UDR/PDR84 flanges and 13 GHz uses PBR/UBR140. See Figure 16 for the 7 GHz case. Again, UDR to PDR or PBR to UBR joints should be used with the suitable gasket or O-ring for weather-proofing.
Figure 16. 7 GHz separate mount using a direct mount ODU and mounting bracket with adapter
DIRECT MOUNT INSTALLATION
In the 7 GHz bands and higher, the standard installation method is to use e.g. Andrew antennas with an integrated NEC proprietary antenna interface, which includes the four attaching holes and the hole for the guide pin etc. See Figure 17. The antenna is fixed to the installation tube and the direct mount type ODU to the antenna.
Figure 17. 13 GHz ODU attached directly to a 0.6m antenna. NHG type ODU; the IHG antenna interface is identical.
The antenna delivery includes two different O-rings. For direct mount, the larger O-ring has to be used. The smaller one is for attaching a flexible waveguide in a separate installation. Both O-rings must not be used. Figure 18 below depicts the antenna flange. The inner groove is for the PDR-flange (used for separate installation). The larger outer groove is for the direct installation.
Figure 18. Flexible waveguide for separate installation uses the inner groove and smaller O-ring. Direct mount installation uses the larger O-ring in the outer groove.
Groove for the large O-ring for direct
mount installation
method.
O-ring (gasket) for the IEC standard flange.
Figure 19. Changing the polarization. Details vary depending on the antenna version.
In order to change the polarization of the antenna, the antenna feed has to be turned by 90 degrees. The feed screws are opened slightly to allow turning of the feed. Note: when the waveguide opening is horizontal (broadside up) the polarization is vertical.
Figure 20. Changing of ODU polarization.
The ODU has to be turned by 90 degrees so that the waveguide opening is aligned with the antenna opening. In order to fit the antenna, the polarization guide pin has to be moved to the other available position marked with V (for Vertical) or H (for Horizontal). Misalignment of the waveguide opening 0 to 90 degrees will cause additional loss of 0 to 40 dB.
ODU CABLE INSTALLATION
The ODU cable is typically similar to mobile base station antenna feeder, e.g. Draka ½ inch cable (RFA ½ -50) with suitable high-quality water resistant connectors. Both ends are normally fitted with a flexible tail cable with high-qaulity water-proof connectors.
The maximum cable length when using the above Draka cable as an example is about 500m, which includes an allowance for the higher per unit attenuation in the tail cables.
Cables should be marked as required by the tower/shelter owner. Cables should be attached using proper permanent cable brackets – not temporary plastic cable ties. The minimum bending radius should be observed (e.g. RFA ½ - 50: 70mm). The cable outer conductor must not be deformed by the cable brackets. One well-known installation fault is a periodic deformation of the cable causing multiple reflections, signal distortion and bit errors.
CABLE CONNECTORS
Cable connectors have to be installed to the cable following the manufacturer’s instruction strictly and using the appropriate tools. The connector has to be sealed as recommended to the cable jacket using self vulcanizing rubber tape or a heat shrink tube with melting glue.
Connectors which are installed improperly may be destroyed by moisture and electrochemical corrosion within a few months. The connector has to be absolutely dry when installed to the cable and also when the actual connection between the two connectors is made.
The connector type has to be chosen so that the connection is water-proof without using any external seal (rubber tape) covering the two connectors. Taped connections are difficult to check for tightness of the connection between connectors. Rubber taping of the connection is thus not recommended.
GROUNDING
OPERATOR’S OR SHELTER/TOWER OWNER’S GROUNDING INSTRUCTIONS AND LOCAL REGULATIONS ARE TO BE FOLLOWED.
GROUNDING OUTSIDE
The ODU should be grounded to the tower grounding wire using 16 mm2 or larger copper cable. The size of the grounding terminal screw is M4 (Metric 4 mm). A suitable cable lug (e.g. 16-5.5, tinned copper) should be used. The connection to the tower grounding wire should be done using an appropriate C-type
connector (Cu-Cu or Cu-Fe).
In case of a roof-top installation, the grounding should use a 16 mm2 or larger copper cable from the ODU ground terminal
directly to the main ground bar of the building
to the nearest ground wire of the lightning protection system of the building to a TV common antenna system ground wire provided that it is minimum 6 mm2
Cu and continuity to the main grounding bar of the building is verified by measurement,
Grounding wires should be installed as straightforward as possible, avoiding bends and loops
GROUNDING IN THE SHELTER
Grounding of the lower end of the ODU cable should be done at the connection between the ½-inch cable and the tail cable as close as possible to the wall feed-through point to the nearest grounding bar or wire using as short 16 mm2 Cu cable as possible. The length of the tail cable should be suitable so that the grounding point is close to the outer wall.
The indoor unit should be grounded using the grounding connector of the modem to the grounding bar of the rack. Note that grounding using the rack screws is not reliable as the rack maybe painted using non-conducting paint. The rack grounding bar should be connected to the shelter grounding bus. All grounding wires should be as short as possible without any unnecessary bends or loops. If the grounding wire is too long, it has to be cut to suitable length. Coiling the extra length of wire is equivalent to leaving the grounding wire disconnected due to the inductance seen by lightning currents.
SUITABLE GROUNDING CONNECTORS Tyco Electronics connecotr types:
C-LOK 1-83016-0 Cu16-Cu16
C-LOK 0-81713-3 Cu16-Cu50 or 3/8" grounding rod C-LOK 0-83713-1 Cu16-1/2" grounding rod
C-LOK 0-81663-1 Cu16-Fe 7*1.20 tai 7*1.57 steel wire C-LOK 0-81663-6 Cu16-Fe 7*2.12 25mm2 steel guy wire C-LOK 0-81663-5 Cu16-Fe 7*2.44 35mm2 steel guy wire
Ensto C-connector (crimp connector)
SE 36 Cu 16...25mm2 - Cu 16...25mm2
Ensto connector with a tightening nut
SE 12.1 10...70 mm2 - 10...70 mm2
IDU AND CABLE LABELLING
Labelling should follow operator’s instructions.
OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION
There is no requirement to install any overvoltage protection devices to the IDU/ODU cable. Proper grounding should ensure that excessive potential differences do not occur.
LOCAL MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT TOOL
The indoor unit is managed using a PC and a standard web browser.
Note. The previous generation (Pasolink NEO) LCT and PNMTj software are not compatible with iPasolink nor are there any such versions available.
RECOMMENDED BROWSER
Firefox is the recommended browser, because the ”Menu Bar” of the web page shows the FW-version, the site name and the modem IP address. Internet Explorer (IE9) does not show these labels, at least not when using the browser with default settings.
Firefox normally works with the default settings, but it is advisable to set (Tool Bar) Tools -> Options, ”Always ask me where to save files” so that downloaded files can be saved directly to the proper folder. It may be necessary to change the security settings of the browser to lower level. In case of IE the ”medium-high” level normally works. Firefox should work with the default settings after the standard installation.
LOCAL CONNECTION
The PC is connected to the LCT port of the IDU using an RJ-45-cable. The LCT port contains a DCHP server and web server. The PC LAN card should be configured to obtain the IP address automatically.
Figure 23. PC is connected to the LCT port using a LAN cable (RJ-45).
Port name LCT
Port IP address 172.17.254.253 User name Admin
When the DHCP server has given the LAN card an IP address, the default gateway indicated for the LAN card is the LCT port (and the web page) address. The address is easy to check by running cmd and typing ipconfig. If necessary, ipconfig -release and ipconfig -renew should get the proper address. Alternatively disable and enable the LAN card of the PC using the Control Panel (Windows 7).
REMOTE LOGIN USING THE BROWSER
The IDU can be managed remotely in the same way as locally (but with some limitations in allowed operations). The IDU need not be attached to PNMSj or MS5000. When using the NMS port for logging in, use the NMS port address if the IDU Bridge1 address is unknown. Then check the local and remote IDU Bridge1 addresses using the management interface and use the Bridge1 address to log in directly to the desired IDU.
LOGIN WINDOW
Figure 24. Login window. Default User Name = Admin and Password = 12345678
After logging in the main status page opens in a new window or (recommended) in a new tab, depending on browser settings.
When the hop is operating properly (and the local and remote Bridge1 addresses are in the same subnet), the remote IDU can be logged in by using the pull down menu at the top of the main page. If necessary Refresh (F5) the page. The remote end will open in a new window or tab. Identify each IDU using the Menu Bar.
MAIN PAGE – MENU AND CURRENT STATUS
The page opened shows the Menu tree and the Current Status of the IDU.
Figure 25. Current Status –window shows the active alarms after pressing Refresh.
In order to allow changing of the settings immediately, the status window is not updated until the Refresh is clicked (FW 3.00.37 and later).
NAMING OF THE IDU AND MODEMS
The IDU and modem ports should be named based on the site name and on the radio hop ID (e.g. opposite site name, hop ID) following operator’s conventions.
The IDU is named separately from the modem ports. The alarms in the PNMSj are identified by the IDU name and e.g. Modem Slot1 (= first slot from the left). The IDU name is visible in the web browser Menu Bas (Firefox, see Fig. 25). The modem port name is visible in the LAN switch (Ethernet) settings.
BASIC SETTINGS
This chapter describes the minimum setting required to align the antennas and establish connection to the opposite end and establish connection with PNMSj.
Note: if suitable basic configuration files are first copied to each IDU, following the Quick Installation Guide (Appendix D) is sufficient. The basic configuration files should contain all the default settings for the operator. Then only those settings that vary from each NE to NE need to be changed during installation.
PROVISIONING CLEAR
If the IDU is not at the factory settings, it may be useful to return all Provisioning Settings to factory settings using Equipment Utility -> Shipment -> Shipment.
This operation disables all modems and other cards and removes all settings under Provisioning. Note: e.g Network Management Configuration and Security Management settings (such as NMS port adresses and SNMP, NMS and NTP server addresses etc.) remain unchanged.
Before the Provisioning Clear it is necessary to set the MAINT status on. Select ”Provisioning Clear”. The IDU will be reset, and it is necessary to wait a few minutes for the reset to complete. The operation is finished when the MAINT led stops blinking and LCT port is again operable.
Note. Possible only locally using the LCT port. Not possible remotely using the NMS port.
MODULE SETUP
It is normally not useful to use the ”Easy Setup Wizard” because the detailed settings need to be changed anyway.
Equipment Setup -> Equipment Configuration -> Setup
Changes are made using the Setup button. The setting window shows the Current Setting and on the right the New Setting is used to input new values. Continue by clicking Next > and OK.
Figure 27. Equipment Configuration. Use Setup button to modify.
NE Name – Give IDU name (e.g. Site Name – IDU – IDU#). Maximum 32 characters, no special characters!
Element setting.
Equipment Configuration – Select the cards (press Auto Detect), if necessary disable by selecting ”Not
used” for cards that should not be used. Note that cards should not be removed physically due to EMC and IDU cooling reasons unless a blank cover is installed. Element setting.
Figure 28. Enabling and disabling modules.
RADIO CONFIGURATION
Equipment Setup -> Radio Configuration -> Setup
Figure 29. Radio Configuration Setup
The thin green frame in the left upper corner indicates which modem is being set up. Unfortunately the modem port name is not shown in this window (shown in the Ethernet settings only). ”ODU Information” shows the available settings of the ODU connected currently. New setting is used to input new values.
Reference modulation: This selection determines the maximum available power. In order to get maximum
power at QPSK, select Reference Modulation = QPSK. Element setting.
Note. The transmitter power depends on a) MTPC setting and b) current modulation. When the reference modulation is QPSK, the MTPC setting allows selecting the maximum power. But even with MTPC selected, the power is automatically adjusted slightly lower according to the current modulation automatically selected by AMR.
In other words, MTPC includes an automatic TX power fine adjustment part. EXAMPLE
License allows -6dBW or +24dBm. If the reference modulation is selected as 256QAM and adaptive modulation is used, the maximum MTPC setting is +19 dBm. When the hop fades, the modulation is changed all the way down to QPSK, but nevertheless the power is limited to +19 dBm.
If QSPK is selected as the reference, the maximum MTPC setting is +24 dBm. The hop will then tolerate 5 dB more fading at QPSK (will use +24 dBm), but will normally (no fading) use 256QAM at +19 dBm.
Radio Mode – Select High Capacity, unless otherwise instructed. This setting selects the error correction code settings. High System Gain will give about 1 dB more fade margin, but will reduce the capacity by several Mbit/s (shown in ETH Bandwidth). This setting has to be the same at both ends of the hop. Hop setting.
E1 and STM-1 Mapping (CH) – Capacity reserved for E1- and STM-1 -channels. Change under AMR / Radio Mapping Configuration. Hop setting.
ETH Bandwidth (Mbps) – Indicates the remaining available Ethernet capacity (Mbit/s) for the reference modulation. Radio Mode and E1/STM-1 mapping setting will change this value.
TX and RX Frequency (MHz) – Set the frequencies given in the license exactly. Element setting.
If the setting fails, check that the ODU sub band is correct and that the HIGH/LOW version is correct. Check the ODU information or Inventory. Verify that the correct modem is selected for configuration.
Note. Setting of the frequency is not possible without a proper ODU connected to the modem. Frame ID – default 1.
Frame ID has to be identical for both modems at each end of the radio connection. Frame ID is checked in order to prevent communication with a wrong modem in case the remote transmitter fails or fades away. Using different Frame ID settings may be necessary in a hub with several iPasolink ODUs using the same channel. XPIC modems using the same channel must have different ID values. Default = 1.
TX Power Control – Select MTPC (fixed power excluding AMR adjustment), unless otherwise instructed. Default setting = MTPC.
Automatic ATPC mode might be necessary for the remote sites connected to a hub, in order to prevent excessive interference from other hops re-using the same or adjacent channel.
Radio Traffic Aggregation – aggregating the Ethernet capacity of two modems operating on the same hop. Hop setting.
Figure 30. Radio Configuration changes confirmed by OK.
ADAPTIVE MODULATION RADIO (AMR)
Equipment Setup -> AMR/Radio Mapping Configuration, Setup
Figure 31. Adaptive modulation (AMR) settings. Example: license allows 32QAM, 16QAM and QSPK.
If antennas have not been aligned, select AMR Non Operation. Adaptive modulation changes the transmit power slightly which would cause problems during the alignment.
After the alignment is ready remember to select AMR Mode (Used) for the appropriate modulations. Input the number of E1 and STM-1 channels for each modulation level.
NETWORK MANAGEMENT (NMS) SETTINGS
Figure 33. Typical NMS subnet
The root element (Root NE) is the indoor unit where this cluster is connected to the NMS DCN using the NMS port (or in band connection). The rest of the cluster is connected internally or by connecting NMS ports together at the intermediate sites.
The relevant settings are under
Network Management Setting -> General Setting (Detail)
Note. Network Management Configuration -> General Setting. Ignore this. All settings are under General Setting (Detail).
Figure 34. NMS settings.
NE2 Port Setting: NE2 is on the AUX-A card, a serial port used when interfacing some legacy equipment. Default Not Used.
In band Management VLAN Setting - Default “Not Used”. The settings here assume that NMS port is used for management. Default setting.
Ethernet Port Setting NMS
Root Element select Used, Auto Negotiation: Enabled and Discovery Usage: Used. LLDP Mode: Standard. This setting is correct for root elements.
Other elements. Normally NMS port is Not Used unless two IDUs are interconnected. Modify default setting for normal elements. Element setting.
NMS port can be used for testing the connection to NMS server from the remote sites. The PC should be given a suitable IP address from the same subnet as the iPasolink cluster by the network administrator.
Note that the LCT port can also used for pinging the NMS server using the standard PC settings for local management, i.e. using the local IP address given by the DHCP server of the LCT port.
NE Branch Setting – If the network elements are in a different subnet than the NMS port or if the NMS port or NE1 port is used for connecting another subnet then the element is configured as a router. Two or more Bridges (Bridge1, Bridge2 etc) are configured, these are the ports of the internal router, each having an address within a different subnet.
Default Gateway. This is the gateway port of the elements’ subnet that is used to access the NMS server. In the root element where the NMS port is in a different subnet, it is the IP address of the nearest DCN router where the NMS port is connected. In such a subnet the normal element default gateway is the root
element Bridge1 address (it is the nearest router for those elements). Element setting.
Bridge: if the element uses two or more branches (i.e. the element acts as a router), the NMS port is Bridge2 and the modem is Bridge1. Note that the PNMSj server is looking for network elements in the Bridge1 subnet. Element setting.
Bridge No., using the link 01 Bridge 1 i.e. modem IP address is set according to the instructions of the DCN designer who manages the addresses. Using the link 02 Bridge 2 i.e. the NMS port address is set, etc. Element setting.
NE1 or NMS or MODEM: the link is used to select the Bridge number assigned to that port. First set up the IP addresses for the bridges and then select the bridge number for each port.
M-Plane Bandwidth Limitation: use ”Disable”, unless otherwise instructed. This setting limits the
management traffic in the radio, if necessary, to provide more capacity to the user traffic. Default setting. M-Plane Priority: Default: QoS = 7, which means that management traffic has the highest priority. Default setting.
NMS Port Setting : In the root element, select ”Connect NMS port to NMS” = ”Yes”. Default setting for the root element.
In non-root elements select ”Connect NMS port to NMS”= ”No”. Element setting. Note: if there is a Pasolink NEO cluster behind the iPasolink cluster connected to the NMS port, select ”Connect NMS port to NMS” = ”Yes” for that element.
LCT Port Setting
Restrict LCT Connection: Select “Any”. LCT port can access the whole network (“Local” would prevent the management of other elements than the local IDU). Default setting.
Equipment Setup -> Network Management Setting -> Routing Setting
There should be no need to change these settings. 0.0.0.0 associated with the Default Gateway IP address should be automatically listed. Default setting.
