Tutorial
MIDAS
Material
00
Overview
- A two span of 23m long composite bridge consisting of five precast, post tensioned girder beams sp
aced at 3m centers are generated using beam elements with defined construction stages.
- The behavior of the bridge under Static loads, Prestress loads and Moving loads are examined
In this tutorial we will learn the following things;
-
How to generate composite sections in midas Civil.
-
How to assign static and prestress load in midas Civil.
-
How to define moving load as per Eurocode in midas Civil.
-
How to define composite section for construction stages in midas Civil.
-
How to interpret the tendon losses, forces, stresses represented by midas Civil.
-
How to formulate load combinations in midas Civil.
-
How to carry out PSC composite design as per Eurocode in midas Civil.
2-Span PSC Composite I Girder Bridge
Program Version Civil 2016 (v1.1)
Bridge Type:
PSC composite bridge (Composite I + girder)
Span Length:
23-m, 2-Span
Width:
15 m
Moving Loads:
Eurocode
Time Dependent Material:
Eurocode
General Arrangement Detail of the Bridge
00
3D View of the Model generated in midas Civil
Mid Section
End Section
3m
0.25m
0.15m
0.10m
0.50m
0.30m
0.45m
0.45m
0.50m
0.025m
0.15m
1.20m
0.15m
0.10m
1.525m
General Arrangement Detail of the Bridge
00
Structural sections
Expansion Gap between the 2 spans is 40mm.
Girders are spaced 3m c/c.
Support
Section
Tapered
Section
Mid Section
2m
3m
6.5m
0.45
m
0.3m
Half Girder Elevation
CL of Girder
Invoke midas Civil
Open New File
Select the Unit System [ kN, m]
Save as ‘2-Span PSC Bridge’
Modeling >
Generating Model
01
12 3
Model Generation – Define
Units
.
1 3
Go to “Properties”
Click on “Material Properties”
Click on “Add” to define materials
Define Material data:
Name > C35/45
Type of design> Concrete Concrete Standard > EN04(RC) DB: C35/45
Click on Apply Name > C25/30
Type of design> Concrete Concrete Standard > EN04(RC) DB: C25/30
Click on Apply Name > Diaph
Type of design> Concrete Concrete Standard > EN04(RC) DB: C35/45
Click on Apply Name > Substructure Type of design> Concrete Concrete Standard > EN04(RC) DB: C25/30
Click on Apply Name> Tendon Type of Design: Steel
Steel Standard: EN05(S) DB: S235 Click on Apply Click on OK
01
1 2 3 4Model Generation – Material
Properties
Modeling >
Material Properties
2 3 4 5 1 5
01
1 2 3 4 5Model Generation – Time
Dependent Material Properties
Change unit system [ N, mm ]
Go to “Properties”
(Creep/Shrinkage)”
Click on “Add” to define properties
Define Creep / Shrinkage data:
Name > C35/45 C&S Code > European
Compressive strength of concrete at the age of 28 days > 35 N/mm2
Relative Humidity of ambient environment (40–99) > 70
Notational size of member > 1000mm Age of concrete at the beginning of shrinkage > 3 days
Click on Apply Name > C25/30 C&S Code > European
Compressive strength of concrete at the age of 28 days > 25 N/mm2
Other data are same as above Click on Apply
Click on Show Result to see the
graph
7
Modeling >
Time Dependent Material Properties
6 2 3 1 4 5 7 6
Note: To get the creep & shrinkage strains, the value of relative humidity is to be considered as 70%, Notational size of member, h as 1000mm and Age of concrete at the beginning of shrinkage as 3 days. Later, the h value would be automatically updated for composite sections
01
12 3
4
Model Generation – Time
Dependent Material Properties
Go to “Properties”
Click on “Comp. Strength”
Click on “Add” to define properties
Define Compressive Strength data:
Name > C35/45 Comp Type > Code
Development of Strength > Code >
European)
Mean compressive strength of concrete at age of 28 days (fck+delta_f) > 43N/mm2
Click on Redraw Graph Click on OK
Click on Add
Name > C25/30 Comp Type > Code
Development of Strength > Code >
European
Mean compressive strength of concrete at age of 28 days (fck+delta_f) > 33N/mm2
Click on Redraw Graph Click on OK
Modeling >
Time Dependent Material Properties
2 1 5 6 4 3 5 6
01
1 2 3 4 5Model Generation – Time
Dependent Material Link
Go to “Properties”
Click on “Material Link”
Time Dependent Material Link Data
Creep/Shrinkage > C35/45 C&S Comp. Strength > C35/45 Comp Double click on C35/45 under Materials to shift it to the Selected Materials list
Click on “Add / Modify”
Repeat steps 4 to 7 with following input:
Creep/Shrinkage > C25/30 C&S Comp. Strength > C25/30 Comp Double click on C25/30 under Materials to shift it to the Selected Materials list
Click on “Add / Modify” Click on “Close”
6
Modeling >
Time dependent Material Link
2 1 7 6 8 4 5 7 8
Any time during the modeling, analysis and design stage, invoking F1 key takes you to web help.
01
12
4 5
Model Generation – Defining
Girder Support Section
Change unit system [ KN, m ]
Go to “Properties” > Section
Properties”
Click on “Add..”
Click on tab “Composite”
Select Section type
“Composite-General”
Import “mid section sec file”
created using SPC.
Enter Section Name as “Mid”
Check option “Composite Section
for PSC Design” & Enter Web
Thick. For Shear (total) as
“0.4m”
Click “Change Offset”
Select Offset : Center- Top Click “OK”
Click “Apply”
Modeling >
Defining Section
2
4 1
3
6
Note: For getting the correct transformed properties of the composite section, the material properties for slab and girder should be defined accordingly in SPC (Section property Calculator) for creating the section.
10 3 9 6 7 5 7 8 9 8 10 3
01
1Model Generation – Girder Mid
Select Section type
“Composite-General”
Import “support section sec file”
created using SPC.
Enter Section Name as “Sup”
Check option “Composite Section
for PSC Design” & Enter Web
Thick. For Shear (total) as
“0.9m”
Click “Change Offset”
Select Offset : Center- Top Click “OK”
Click “Show Calculation Results”
Click “Apply”
Modeling >
Defining Section
4
2
4
Note: Invoke the section data window by following Steps 1 to 4 in Page 11.
3 2 7 1 6 5 7 3 5 6
01
12 3
Model Generation – Defining Tapered Section
.
Click on tab “Tapered”
Select “Composite General Section”
Define Taper Right Section:
Enter name as “Mid-Sup”
Click “Import Section” for section-i and import “mid section sec
file”
Click “Import Section” for section-j and import “support section
sec file”
Check option “Composite Section for
PSC Design” & Enter Web Thick.
For Shear (total) as “0.4m” and “0.9m” as shown for i and j ends respectively
Click “Change Offset”
Select Offset : Center- Top Click “OK”
Click on “Apply”
6
Modeling >
Defining Tapered Section
1
7
Note: The internal Process of calculation of sectional property as per dimensional variation is explained in the help file. Path: Help > Contents > Start > Model >
Properties > Section > Tapered tab, under Note, click on ‘Details’ 2 4 5 7 6 8 5
Note: Invoke the section data window by
following Steps 1 to 4 in Page 11. 3
8 4
Similarly Define Taper Left Section:
Enter name as “Sup-Mid”
Click “Import Section” for section-i and import “support section
sec file”
Click “Import Section” for section-j and import “mid section sec
file”
Check option “Composite Section for
PSC Design” & Enter Web Thick.
For Shear (total) as “0.9m” and “0.4m” as shown for i and j ends respectively
Click “Change Offset”
Select Offset : Center- Top Click “OK”
01
12 3
Model Generation – Defining
Cross Girder Section
Go to “Properties”
Click on “Section Properties”
Click on “Add..”
Click on tab “DB/User”
Define End Diaphragm:
Name > End Diaphragm Section Type > Solid Rectangle Select “User”
H > 1.4m, B > 0.45m Click “Change Offset” Select Offset : Center- Top Select Vertical Offset: “User”
User offset Reference: Extreme fiber(s) Enter value of I: > -0.25
Click on “Apply”
Define Internal Diaphragm:
Name > Internal Diaphragm Section Type > Solid Rectangle Select “User”
H > 1.4m, B > 0.3m Click “Change Offset” Select Offset : Center- Top Select Vertical Offset: “User”
User offset Reference: Extreme fiber(s) Enter value of I: > -0.25
Click “Show Calculation Results”
Click on “OK”
Modeling >
Defining Section
2 5 7 6 1 4 6
Note: To define prismatic sections in midas Civil, go to Models > Properties > Section > Value and here enter the section properties directly instead of section dimensions. To know how sectional properties are calculated go to Help > Contents > Start > Model > Properties >
Section > Section Properties
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7 3
5
01
12 3
5
Model Generation – Defining
Pier Cap & Pier Sections
Go to “Properties”
Click on “Section Properties”
Click on “Add..”
Click on tab “DB/User”
Define Pier Cap :
Name> Mid Pier Cap
Section Type > Solid Rectangle Select “User”
H > 1.5m, B > 1.5m Click “Change Offset” Select Offset : Center- Top Click on “Apply”
Define Pier:
Name > Pier
Section Type > Solid Track Select “User”
H > 1.5m, B > 3m
Click “Show Calculation Results”
Click on “OK”
Modeling >
Defining Section
2
5 1
4
6 7
Note: To define prismatic sections in midas Civil, go to Models > Properties > Section > Value and here enter the section properties directly instead of section dimensions. To know how sectional properties are calculated go to Help > Contents > Start > Model > Properties >
Section > Section Properties
4
6 7
01
23
4
Model Generation – Creating
Elements (Girder Mid)
Click on “Structure”
Click on “Prestressed Composite
Bridge” wizard
Enter Span information as “ [email protected] ”m Enter Deck width as “ 15 ” m Enter Spacing(a) as “ 0.04 ” m & Spacing(b) as “ 0.5 ” m
Enter Elastic link Stiffness for bearings of Abutment & Pier as
Kx = “1e+8” kN/m Ky = “1000” kN/m Kz = “1000” kN/m
Enter Elastic link length as “0.1”m Select Material for Pier and Pier-cap as “Substructure” , select Section as “Pier-Cap” & enter its Length as “13.5”m
Select Section as “Pier” & enter its Height as “10”m
Modeling >
Creating Elements
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01
23
4
Model Generation – Creating
Elements (Girder Mid)
Click on “Section” tab
Enter Deck Thickness as “ 0.25”m Select Deck material as “ C25/30 ” Select Girder material as “ C35/45 ” Select Diaphragm material as “ Diaph” Enter Number of Girders as “5” and
click “Apply” and enter girder offsets as “-6, -3 , 0, 3, 6” respectively for girders “1 to 5” Select Diaphragm sections at End &
Pier support locations as “End
Diaphragm” and for
intermediate diaphragm as “Internal Diaphragm” For Transverse deck element, select
“ Divisions per span ” and number of divisions as “21” Enter No. of Divisions as “5” and click
“Apply”. Select sections and enter end lengths as shown. Repeat Step 7 for “Span2”
Uncheck “Generate 10thpoints..” option
Modeling >
Creating Elements
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01
23
4
Model Generation – Creating
Elements (Girder Mid)
Click on “Tendon” tab
Click “ …” to define Tendon property
Click “Add”
Enter Tendon Name “Tendon” Select Tendon Type
“Internal(Post-Tension”
Select Material “Tendon”
Click “…” in the dialog box for Total Tendon Area
Select Strand Diameter “15.2mm(0.6”)”
Enter Number of Strands “12” Click “OK”
Enter Duct Diameter “0.09”m Select Relaxation Coefficient “European – Low”
Click “OK” Click “Close”
Modeling >
Creating Elements
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01
23 4
Model Generation – Creating
Elements (Girder Mid)
Enter Tendon Data in the table
as Shown
Change Jacking Stress to
“1395000” kN/m^2
Click “Add”
Change Segments to “Span2” &
repeat Step3
Modeling >
Creating Elements
1 1
2
3 4
01
4
5 1
Model Generation – Creating
Elements (Girder Mid)
Click on “Load” tab
Enter widths
b1= b5 = “0.5”m
b2= b4 = “7”m
b3= “0”m
Enter wet Con’c density as
“25”kN/m^3 & Thickness
as “0.25”m
Enter Crash Barrier load intensity
as “9”kN/m. Also uncheck
the option of “Median
Strip” loading
Enter Wearing Surface load
Density as “22”kN/m^3 &
Thickness as “0.1”m.
Modeling >
Creating Elements
3 3 4 5 2 1 2
01
4 5 1
Model Generation – Creating
Elements (Girder Mid)
Click on “Construction Stage”
tab
Check “Reinforcement” option
and Click on “Define
Reinforcement…”
Select “Mid section”
Click on “Multi Add”
Enter Reinforcement data as
shown in the tables
click “OK”
Click “Apply”
Modeling >
Creating Elements
3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 7
01
4 5 1
Model Generation – Creating
Elements (Girder Mid)
Click on “Construction Stage”
tab
Check “Reinforcement” option
and Click on “Define
Reinforcement…”
Select “Mid section”
Click on “Multi Add”
Enter Reinforcement data as
shown in the tables
click “OK”
Click “Apply”
Modeling >
Creating Elements
3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 7 Note:
In case the diameter of rebars is not in terms of P(dia), then change the rebar material code from Tools Preferences Design Concrete Rebar Material Code Select IS(RC) & Click OK
01
4 5 1
Model Generation – Creating
Elements (Girder Mid)
Click on “Shear Reinforcement”
Enter Shear Reinforcement data
under “Diagonal
Reinforcement” as
Pitch: 0.15m
Angle: 90 [deg]
Aw: 0.0004022 m^2 (2Legs
of P16)
Click “Apply”
Click “Copy Reinforcements to..”
Select “Sup” Section and
Click “ -> ”
Click “OK”
Click “Close”
Click “OK” in the wizard window.
Modeling >
Creating Elements
3 2 1 2 4 6 7 3 5 6 7 8 8
01
23
4
Model Generation – Creating
Elements (Girder Mid)
Click on “Node/Element” tab
Click on “Translate” Elements
option.
Type “1to22by3” in element
selection box, press Enter
Goto Works menu
Select “Move” option for
translation
Enter distance
dx,dy,dz: “ 0.5,0,0 ”m
Click ”Apply”
Type “3to24by3” in element
selection box, press Enter
similar to Step3
Change distance to
dx,dy,dz: “ -0.5,0,0 ”m
similar to Step5
Click ”Apply” as in Step6
Click ”Close”
Modeling >
Creating Elements
1 1 3 4 5 5 6 6 7 8 8 9 9 2
01
23
Model Generation – Creating
Elements (Girder Mid)
Switch to Front View by clicking
the button as shown
Goto Tree Menu Works
SectionDouble click on
“Sup” section to select
relevant elements
Click on “Activate” button
Click on select by window button
and select elements
as shown.
Drag and Drop “Sup-mid”
section from Tree Menu in
the Model Window.
Modeling >
Creating Elements
1 4 5 1 2 3 4 X X 5
01
23
Model Generation – Creating
Elements (Girder Mid)
Switch to Front View by clicking
the button as shown
Goto Tree Menu Works
Section Double click on
“Sup” section to select
relevant elements
Click on “Activate” button
Click on select by window button
and select elements
as shown.
Drag and Drop “Mid-Sup”
section from Tree Menu in
the Model Window.
Click on “Activate All” button to
view the whole structure.
Modeling >
Creating Elements
1 4 5 1 2 3 4 X X 5 6 6
01
23
Model Generation – Defining
Tapered Section Groups
Right Click on the ribbon as shown
Check the “Tree Menu 2 “ Option
and another Tree menu will
appear on the right hand side.
Click on “Properties”
Click on “Tapered Group”
Go to “Tree Menu”
Set Group Name as “Mid-Sup” Go to Tree Menu 2, Double Click on
Mid-Sup Section & the element list
will be updated as “95to98 125to128 153to156 183to186 211to214 241to244 269to272 299to302 327to330 357to360”
Click on “Add”
Set Group Name as “Sup-Mid” Go to Tree Menu 2, Double Click on
Sup-Mid Section & the element list
will be updated as “77to80 107to110 135to138 165to168 193to196 223to226 251to254 281to284 309to312 339to342”
Click on “Add” Click on “Close”
Modeling >
Define Taper Groups
2 6 1 8 1 4 3 6 4 7 7 8
01
23
4
Model Generation – Creating
Elements (Girder Mid)
Click on “Node/Element” tab
Click on “Translate” Elements
option.
Type “244to252” in node
selection box, press Enter
Goto Works menu
Unselect “Only Free Nodes”
option for translation
Click ”Apply” & “Close”
Modeling >
Editing Geometry
1 1 3 4 5 5 2
01
23
Moving Loads– Creating Cross
Element Structure Group
Switch to Front View by clicking
the button as shown
Goto Tree Menu Group tab
Right Click on “Structure Group”
& click “New”
Give the structure Group Name
as “LL-Cross Beam“
Change Selection of “y” direction
elements only from
bottom ribbon.
Use button to select the
whole superstructure in
front view as shown.
Drag and drop “LL-Cross Beam”
structure group over the
model window.
Change Selection by direction to
“none”.
Load >
Creating Live Load Distribution Group
1 4 6 1 4 2 7 3 5 5 7 6 8 8
02
12 3
Moving Loads – Define Lane
Go to “Load” tab
Click “Moving Load”
Select “EUROCODE” under Moving
Load Code.
Click “Traffic Line Lanes”
Click “Add”
Enter Lane Name “Lane1” View the figure provided Enter Lane Width “3”m Enter Eccentricity “-4.5”m Enter Wheel Spacing “2”m
Select Vehicular load distribution “Cross beam”
Select cross beam group LL-Cross Beam Select Moving direction as “Both” Select Selection by “2 Points” Click in the “Box”
Click on node no. 5 Click on Node no. 6 Click “OK”
For other lanes, similarly change
names, wheel spacing and
eccentricities as below by reapeating
Steps 5 to 7:
Enter Lane Name “Lane2” Enter Lane Width “3”m Enter Eccentricity “-1.5”m Enter Wheel Spacing “2”m
Load >
Defining Loads
1
2
Node no. 5
Node no. 6
Moving Loads – Define Lane
Enter Lane Name “Lane3” Enter Lane Width “3”m Enter Eccentricity “1.5”m Enter Wheel Spacing “2”m Enter Lane Name “Lane4” Enter Lane Width “3”m Enter Eccentricity “4.5”m Enter Wheel Spacing “2”m Enter Lane Name “RA1” Enter Lane Width “1.5”m Enter Eccentricity “6.75”m Enter Wheel Spacing “0.9”m Enter Lane Name “RA2” Enter Lane Width “1.5”m Enter Eccentricity “-6.75”m Enter Wheel Spacing “0.9”m
4 6 4 7 3 5 5 6 7
02
12 3
Moving Loads – Define Lane
Go to “Load” tab
Click “Moving Load”
Click “Vehicles”
Click “Add Standard”
Click “OK” to add Load Model 1
Load >
Defining Vehicles
1 2 4 3 4 5 5 6
02
12 3
Moving Loads- Load Cases
Go to “Load” tab
Click “Moving Load”
Click “Moving load Cases”
Click “Add”
Enter Load Case Name as
“LM1_1.0TS+1.0UDL”
Check “Ignore Psi Factor” Option
Select all lanes from left and click on
“
->
” to bring all the lanes in
the selected lanes list.
Select Lanes “RA1 & RA2” from
selected lanes list and
click “
->
” to move them under
Remaining Area List.
Click “OK”
Click “Close”
Load >
Defining Moving Load Cases
1 2 4 3 4 7 5 5 6 8 9 6 7 8 9 10 10
02
12 3
Go to “Load” tab
Click on “Construction Stage”
Click “Composite Section for C.S”
Click “Update all H”
Click “OK”
Select “Mid” Section definition
Click “Modify…”
Change Age for Part1 to “21”days and
Part2 to “7”days
Click “OK”
Repeat Step5 to Step7 by selecting
“Sup” Section definition
1 2 4 3 4 5 5 8 9 6 7 8 9 10 7 6
Construction Stage>
Composite Section Definition
Construction Stage – Comp.
Section Definition for Girder
Elements
02
12 3
Construction Stage – Comp.
Section Definition for Girder
Elements
Click “Add”
Select “Stage2”
Select “Mid-Sup” section
For Part1 :
Enter Age as “21” days and h as
“0.439”m
For Part2 :
Select Material Type “Material”
Select Material “C25/35”
Select Composite Stage “Stage3-2”
Enter Age as “7” days and h as “0.23
Click “OK”
Repeat Step1 to Step5 by selecting
“Sup-Mid” Section in Step3
Click “Close”
Construction Stage>
Composite Section Definition
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5
03
12 3
Moving Load Analysis Control
Go to “Analysis” tab
Click “Moving Load”
Enter Distance between points : 0.3m
Select Analysis Results Frame
“Normal + Concurrent Force”
Check “Combined Stress Calculation”
Click “OK”
Analysis >
Moving Load Analysis Control
4 1 2 3 4 5
03
12
Construction Stage Analysis
Control
Go to “Analysis” tab
Click “Construction Stage”
Change Beam Section Property
Changes to “Constant”
Click “OK”
Analysis >
Construction Stage Analysis
2 1 3 3 4 4
03
12
Run Analysis
Go to “Analysis” tab
Click “Perform Analysis”
Analysis >
Perform Analysis
2 1
04
12
Load Combination
Go to “Results” tab
Click “Load Combination”
Click “Concrete Design” tab
Click “Auto Generation…”
Select Design Code “Eurocode 0”
Select “ST+CS”
Select “Both” option
Click “OK”
Click “Close”
Result>
Combination
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12
Service Stage Stresses
Go to “Results” tab
Click “Stresses” “Beam Stresses
Diagram”
Select Load Combination “CBCmax:
cLCB3” which is the critical service
combination
Select “Part1” which is Girder part
Select point “4(-y,-z)” for viewing
stresses at bottom left corner of the I
girder.
Check the “Legend option” option
Click “Apply”
Change the units to “N,mm”
Result>
Service Stage Stresses
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04
12
Design as per Eurocode
Go to “PSC” tab
Select “Eurocode2-2:05” and click on
“Parameters”
Click “Select All”
Click “OK”
Select “Part1” which is Girder part
Result>
Design
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12
Design as per Eurocode
Click “PSC Design Material”
Click “C35/45” in Material List
Select for Girder concrete Material
Code: EN04(RC)
Grade: C35/45
Select for Girder Rebar Material
Code: EN04(RC)
Grade of Main Rebar: Class B
Grade of Main Rebar: Class B
Select for Slab concrete Material
Code: EN04(RC)
Grade: C25/30
Select for Slab Rebar Material
Code: EN04(RC)
Grade of Main Rebar: Class B
Grade of Main Rebar: Class B
Click “Modify” & “Close”
Result>
Design
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12
Design as per Eurocode
Click “Design/Output Position”
“Design Position”
Type “318 331” elements nos in the
element selection box and press enter
Click “Apply” & “Close”
Click “Design/Output Position”
“Output Position”
Repeat Step2
Click “Apply” & “Close”
Result>
Design
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12
Design as per Eurocode
Click on “Shear Connector” option
Type “318 331” elements nos in the
element selection box and press enter
Enter Interface Shear Input as:
Angle: 0 [deg]
Aw: 2355 mm^2
Fy: 500 N/mm^2
Click “Apply” & “Close”
Click “Perform Design” button to
perform design
Click “Excel Report” button after
performing design to get design
output in excel sheet format for
elements 318 & 331
Result>
Design
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12
Result Verification
Go to “Results” of Main Menu
Click “Stresses”
Click “Beam Stresses”
Select Load Cases/Combinations “
Select “Components”
Click Type of Display “Contour”
Click “Apply”
See the Contour diagram in the
“Model View” window
Result>
Stresses
3 4 3 5 6 2 1 7 4 5 6 7 8 8Note: To view the results in tables,
click Results Tables and browse
to required quantity
Note: The significance of various stress components are clearly explained in detail in the help file . Path: Help > Contents > Start > Result > Stresses > Beam Stresses
04
12
Result Verification
Go to “Results” tab
Click “Result Tables”
Click “Tendon”
Click “Tendon Loss”
See the various tendon loss in tabular
format in the window
“Result-[tendon Loss (Tendon Group)]”
Result>
Tendon Loss
3 4 3 5 2 1 4 5
Note: Similarly the tables of tendon
Coordinates,
Elongation
,
Weight can be checked.
By grouping the tendons, the average prestress force at the CG of the cables along the length of the bridge can be seen in Tendon Arrangement (Path: Results > Result Tables > Tendon > Tendon Arrangement.)
04
12
Result Verification
Go to “Results” tab
Click “Result Tables”
Click “Elastic Link…”
Check “LM1_1.0TS+1.0UDL(Mv:max)”
Click “OK”
See the various forces in the bearings
in “Result-[Elastic Link]”
Result>
Elastic Link Forces (Bearing Forces)
3 4 3 2 1 4 5
Note: Similarly, forces for all the cases
could be viewed, which could
be used for design of bearings.
5 6
