00frontmatter.pdf

been

an ever widening

sphere

of interest

and

action.

From

an

earlyfocus

on

the physical

development

ofourcities,planning

has

evolved a

more

general concern that

encompasses

the

rangeof public policy programs. This

has

occurred both

be-cause

oftheinterconnected nature of

government programs

and

because

of

changing

societal definitions ofthe

respon-sibilities

and

acceptable actions of

government.

With the

widening sphere of planning, however, coordination

among

planning efforts

has

become

increasinglydifficult.

In this issue of Carolina planning, F. Stuart

Chapin,

Jr.

examines

the

problems

ofplanning urbanland

use

withinthe

context of the broadening

range

of planning practice. This

publicationcoincideswith the retirementofProfessor

Chapin

from the

Department

of City

and

Regional Planning. Stuart

Chapin has been

a teacher of unparalleled dedication for thirty-twoyears.

He

accepts

each

new

student

as

a colleague

with unique talents

devoted

to solving the

problems

of the profession.

He

regardsevery idea

as

havingthe potential to

provide valuable

new

insight. His

own

ideas

have

led the

professionrepeatedly,

and have

enriched planningpracticein

this issue ofCarolina planning to F. StuartChapin, Jr. Otherarticles discussvaried

elements

ofplanning

method

and

practiceintheSoutheast.

Glenn Harbeck

discussesthe

growth

management

programs

of Wrightsville Beach, North

Carolina,

and

Sanibei, Florida.

Benjamin

T.

Orsbon

and

Richard

J.

Rieman

report

on

the

use

of satellitedatain the constructionof

an

existingland

use

map

inthe

mountains

of

western NorthCarolina.

Two

articles,

one

by

Bruce

B. Clary,

and

another by

Bonnie

A. Nardi

and

Joe

Harding, describe

survey techniquesfordeterminingcitizens'values

and

relating

them

to policy decisions.

Norman

B. Axler

proposes

that

refuse

be

considered as a

power

plantfuelinthePiedmont.

Views

of

two

government programs

are

presented

in

Carolina forum.

Charles

E.

Roe

describes ajointeffortofthe

Nature

Conservancy and

the North Carolina

Department

of

Natural

Resources

and

Community

Development

topreserve

the varietyofnaturalfeaturesinthestate.E. Blaine Liner

and

David

R.

Godschalk

analyze recent

changes

inthe federal

Community

Development

Block Grant formulas,

and

argue

thatthe

South

will suffer

measurably

from them.

Bruce

Stiftel

Carolina

planning

Editor

Associate

Editor

Assistant

Editor

Articles Editor

Bruce

Stiftel

Ann

Silverman

Norman

Axler

Michael

Redmond

Staff

Joe

Biber, Ellen

Cunningham,

Steve

Dopp,

Rick

Gleason,

Steve

Herzberg,

Rob

Klein,

Bruce

Knopf,

Cathy

Morris,

Carolyn

Mosher,

Don

Meserve,

Blair Pollock,

Valerie

Scopaz, Laura

Webb,

Ruth

Ann Weidner

Editorial

Board

faculty

members

Robert

Erskine,

Gorman

Gilbert,

George

Hemmens

student

members

Eric

Hyman, John

Lebens,

Ruth

Ann Weidner

Carolinaplanningispublished semi-annually

by

studentsinthe Departmentof City

and

RegionalPlanning, University ofNorth Carolina, ChapelHill, undergrants fromtheZ. Smith

ReynoldsFoundationofWinston-Salem, NorthCarolina,

and

theJohnA. ParkerTrustFund,

Departmentof City

and

RegionalPlanning.

Carolinaplanning

welcomes

comments

andsuggestionsonarticlespublished

and

willbe pleasedtoacceptmaterialforfutureeditions,h/lanuscriptsshouldbetypedwitha

maximum

of

20 double-spacedpages,

and

become

thepropertyofCarolinaplanning.

SubscriptionstoCarolinaplanningareavailable at theannualrate of$5.00 ($6.50 outsideof North America).

Back

issues,

when

available, are $3.50per copy ($4.25 outside ofNorth America).

Allcommunicationsshould

be

addressedto: Carolinaplanning,DepartmentofCity

and

RegionalPlanning,

New

East033A, University ofNorthCarolina, ChapelHill, NorthCarolina 27514.

Copyright

©

1978 bytheDepartment ofCity and Regional Planning, University ofNorth Carolina,Chapel Hill.

Carolina

planning

>

a..

1

' ' fir/ "' . -IJiPlB^' .^T'

This

issue's

Cover

Coverdesignby

Don

fi^eserve.The

illus-trations

show some

oftheareasthatmust

be

consideredIn

Land

UsePolicy today.

ThesolarhouseiscourtesyofIntegrated

Energy

Systems,

Chapel

Hill, North

7

Urban Land

Use

Policy

in

an

Era

of

Constraints

F.

Stuart

Chapin,

Jr.

Theroleoftheurbanplannerischangingradicallydueto

demands

onlocalities

made

bydisparatefederalandstateprogramsthatboth increase the complexities ofplanning

and

decrease local control overgoals

and

outcomes. Theseprograms

and

theireffectsonthe plannerareexaminedinthecontextofchangesinsocietalvaluesand inthedefinedrotes ofthedifferentlevelsofgovernment. The author

identifiespoints of greatest tension

and makes

predictionsforthe

future.

-MM

/-\

Barrier

Island

provides

a

needed

planning perspective

Carolina

planning

S

u

B

s

C

R

I

B

E

T

O

D

A

Y

)n

g

by

Satellite:

I

D COG,

ird J.

Reiman

;ment

The attemptsoftwo southeasterncoastalcommunitiestocontrol

growth in a period ofrapiddevelopmentare examined. Harbeck

contrasts

and

evaluates the growth

management

programs of WrightsvilleBeach, North Carolina,

and

Sanibel, Florida^according

totheir ability to translateplanning objectivesinto reality.

He

con-cludesthatgrowth

management

effortscan

be

onlyas

good

asthe stateenablinglegislation andcoastal

management

programsthat guidetheirformulation.

Satelliteimagerycan be usedtohelp constructanexistingland

use

map

inruralareas. ThiscasestudyoftheuseofLA

NDSA

Tdatain

preparingsucha

map

inamountainregionofNorth Carolina

illus-trates the economies, advantages, and disadvantages of utilizing

satelliteimageryinplanning.Otherpotentialusesofsatelliteimagery

inthe ruralcontextare described.

Determiningcitizen opinion ofplanalternativesis often

compli-catedbecausecitizensdonotfullyunderstandthealternatives.Clary presentsa techniquethatreducesthiscomplicationbyasking

citi-zenswhattheythink ofvariousenvironmental valuesratherthanplan

alternatives. The planner then determines

how

much

these environ-mental valueswould beaffectedby eachofthe various alternative plans

and

infers citizenopinionoftheplans.Thetechniqueisapplied

tothe Raleigh-Durhamairportexpansioncontroversy.

OQ

Determining

Community

Attitudes

^^

_and

Preferences

for

Programs

and

Services

Bonnie

A.

Nardi

and Joe

R.

Harding

A

survey

method

forobtainingcitizeninputintoplanningeffortsis

presented. In this two stage process, called Heuristic Elicitation, communityneeds,interests,

and

problemsaredetermined through interviews witha small

number

ofhand-pickedindividuals,

and

then quantifiedthroughabroadlydistributed questionnaire. Applications ofHeuristicElicitation tohealthplanninginNorth Carolina,

and

to communityfacilitydesignin

New

f^exico, are described.

^g

Solid

Waste

as

a

Supplemental

Fuel

for

Power

Plants

in

North Carolina

Norman

B.

Axler

Solid wasteis potentially a supplemental fuel for coal-burning

power

plantsin North Carolina. The author discusses technology involvedintheconversion ofconventional

power

plantsto refuse-derivedfuelsystems,supplylevelsnecessaryto

make

thisprocess

economicallyfeasible,

and

theprevious experiencesofother

com-munitiesusingthesystem.

He

concludesbyidentifying

power

plants

been

an ever widening

sphere

ofinterest

and

action.

From

an

earlyfocus

on

the physical

development

ofourcities,planning

has

evolved a

more

general concern that

encompasses

the

range

ofpublic policy programs. This

has

occurred both

be-cause

ofthe interconnected natureof

government programs

and because

of

changing

societal definitions ofthe

respon-sibilities

and

acceptable actions of

government.

With the

widening

sphere

of planning, however, coordination

among

planning efforts

has

become

increasingly difficult.

In this issue of Carolina planning, F. Stuart

Chapin,

Jr.

examines

the

problems

ofplanningurbanland

use

withinthe

context of the broadening

range

of planning practice. This

publicationcoincideswiththe retirementofProfessor

Chapin

from the

Department

of City

and

Regional Planning. Stuart

Chapin has been

a teacher of unparalleled dedication for thirty-twoyears.

He

accepts

each

new

student

as

a colleague

with unique talents

devoted

to solving the

problems

of the profession.

He

regardseveryidea

as

havingthe potential to

provide valuable

new

insight. His

own

ideas

have

led the

professionrepeatedly,

and have

enriched planningpracticein

thisissue ofCarolinaplanning to F. StuartChapin, Jr. Otherarticlesdiscussvaried

elements

ofplanning

method

and

practiceintheSoutheast.

Glenn Harbeck

discussesthe

growth

management

programs

of Wrightsville Beach, North

Carolina,

and

Sanibel, Florida.

Benjamin

T.

Orsbon

and

Richard

J.

Rieman

report

on

the

use

of satellitedata inthe construction of

an

existing land

use

map

inthe

mountains

of

western NorthCarolina.

Two

articles,

one

by

Bruce

B.Clary,

and

another by

Bonnie

A.Nardi

and

Joe

Harding, describe

survey techniquesfordeterminingcitizens'values

and

relating

them

to policy decisions.

Norman

B. Axler

proposes

that refuse

be

considered as a

power

plantfuelinthePiedmont.

Views

of

two

government programs

are

presented

In

Carolina forum.

Charles

E.

Roe

describes ajointeffortofthe

Nature

Conservancy and

the North Carolina

Department

of

Natural

Resources

anri

Cnmmunitv

Develonment

tonreserve

the varietyofnatui

David

R.

Godsch

Community

Deve'

thatthe

South

wll

Carolina

planning

Editor

Associate

Editor

Assistant

Editor

Articles

Editor

Bruce

Stifle

Ann

Silvermat

Norman

Axle

Michael

Redmom

Staff

Joe

Biber, Ellen

Cunningham,

Steve Dopp,

Rick

Gleason

Steve

Herzberg,

Rob

Klein,

Bruce

Knopf,

Cathy

Morris

Carolyn

Mosher,

Don

Meserve,

Blair Pollock

Valerie

Scopaz, Laura

Webb,

Ruth

Ann Weidne

Editorial

Board

faculty

members

student

members

Robert

Erskine,

Gorman

Gilbert,

George

Hemmens

Eric

Hyman, John

Lebens, Ruth

Ann Weidner

CarolinaplanningIspublished semi-annually

by

studentsinthe Departmentof City

and

RegionalPlanning, University ofNorth Carolina, ChapelHill,undergrantsfromtheZ. Smith

ReynoldsFoundationofWinston-Salem, North Carolina,

and

theJohnA. ParkerTrustFund,

Departmentof City

and

RegionalPlanning.

Carolinaplanning

welcomes

comments and

suggestionsonarticlespublished

and

willbe pleasedtoacceptmaterialforfutureeditions.Manuscriptsshouldbetypedwitha

maximum

of

20 double-spaced pages,

and

become

thepropertyofCarolinaplanning.

SubscriptionstoCarolinaplanningareavailable at theannualrate of$5.00($6.50outsideof North America).

Back

issues,

when

available, are$3.50per copy($4.25outsideofNorth America).

Allcommunicationsshould

be

addressedto: Carolinaplanning,Departmentof City

and

RegionalPlanning,

New

East 033A. University ofNorth Carolina, ChapelHill,NorthCarolina 27514.

Copyright

©

1978bythe Departmentof Cityand RegionalPlanning, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.

The

success

of this

valuable

public policy

magazine depends

on your support.

$5

entitles

yoL

to

two

issues

-

_a

one

_year

sub-scription.

Complete

the

attachec

order blank

and

mail today.

This

Issue's

Cover

Coverdesignby

Don

Meserve. The

illus-trations

show

some

oftheareasthatmust

be

consideredinLand UsePolicy today.

Thesolarhouseiscourtesyof Integrated

Energy

Systems,

Chapel

Hill, North

TT

Urban Land

Use

Policy

in

an

Era

of

Constraints

F.

Stuart

Chapin,

Jr.

Theroleoftheurbanplannerischangingradicallydueto

demands

onlocalities

made

bydisparatefederalandstateprogramsthatboth increase the complexities ofplanning

and

decrease local control over goals

and

outcomes. These programs

and

theireffectsonthe plannerareexaminedinthecontextofchangesinsocietalvaluesand inthedefinedrolesof thedifferentlevelsofgovernment. The author

identifiespoints of greatest tension

and

makes

predictionsforthe

future.

1

A

Growth

Management

for

Barrier

Island

Communities:

A

Comparative

Evaluation

Glenn Harbeck

The attemptsoftwosoutheasterncoastalcommunitiestocontrol

growth in a periodofrapid developmentare examined. Harbeck

contrasts

and

evaluates the growth

management

programs of WrightsvilleBeach,NorthCarolina,

and

Sanibel. Florida^according

to their ability totranslateplanningobjectivesintoreality.

He

con-cludesthatgrowth

management

effortscan

be

onlyas

good

asthe state enabling legislation

and

coastal

management

programsthat guide theirformulation.

Q^

Rural

Land

Use

Mapping

by

Satellite:

^^

_A

_Case

_Study

_of

_Region

_D

_COG,

North Carolina

Benjamin

T.

Orsbon and

Richard

J.

Reiman

Satelliteimagery can be usedtohelp constructan existingland

use

map

Inruralareas. Thiscasestudyoftheuseof

LANDSAT

datain

preparingsucha

map

inamountain regionofNorthCarolina

illus-trates the economies, advantages, anddisadvantages of utilizing

satelliteimageryinplanning.Otherpotentialusesofsatelliteimagery inthe ruralcontextaredescribed.

on

Measuring

Public

Values

^^

in

Environmental

Assessment

Bruce

B.

Clary

Determiningcitizen opinion ofplanalternatives isoften compli-catedbecausecitizensdonotfullyunderstandthealternatives.Clary presentsa technique thatreducesthiscomplicationbyasking

citi-zenswhattheythinkofvariousenvironmental valuesratherthanplan

alternatives. The planner then determines

how

much

these environ-mental valueswouldbeaffectedby eachofthevarious alternative plans

and

Infers citizenopinionof the plans. The techniqueisapplied

tothe Raleigh-Durhamairportexpansioncontroversy.

OQ

Determining

Community

Attitudes

^^

and

Preferences

for

Programs

and

Services

Bonnie

A.

Nardi

and Joe

R.

Harding

A

survey

method

forobtainingcitizeninputintoplanningeffortsis

presented. In this two stage process, called Heuristic Elicitation, communityneeds,interests,

and

problemsaredetermined through interviews withasmall

number

ofhand-pickedindividuals,

and

then quantifiedthrough a broadlydistributedquestionnaire.Applicat'ons ofHeuristicElicitation tohealthplanningin North Carolina,

and

to communityfacilitydesignin

New

fi/lexico, are described.

AQ

Solid

Waste

as

a

Supplemental

Fuel

for

Power

Plants

in

North Carolina

Norman

B.

Axler

Solid wasteis potentially a supplemental fuel for coal-burning

power

plantsin hlorth Carolina. The author discusses technology involvedin theconversion ofconventional

power

plantsto refuse-derivedfuelsystems,supplylevelsnecessaryto

make

thisprocess

economicallyfeasible,

and

thepreviousexperiencesofother

com-munitiesusingthesystem.

He

concludesbyidentifying

power

plants