SoberIT
Software Business and Engineering Institute
Business Process
Management
Janne J. Korhonen
SoberIT
Software Business and Engineering Institute
What is a business process?
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Software Business and Engineering Institute
Business Process 1993
“Simply a structured, measured set of activities designed to produce a
specified output for a particular customer or market. It implies a strong emphasis upon how work is done within an enterprise, in contrast to a product focus’s emphasis on
what. A process is thus a specific
Input
Activities
what. A process is thus a specific
ordering of work activities across time and place, with a beginning, an end, and clearly identified inputs and outputs: a structure for action."¹
A.k.a workflow process
Output
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Software Business and Engineering Institute
Business Process 2003
"A business process is the complete and dynamically coordinated set of
collaborative and transactional activities that deliver value to customers."¹
Processes are (ibid): Large and complex
Input
Activities
Collaboration
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY page 4 Dynamic
Widely distributed
Long-running
Automated (at least in part)
Both ”business” and ”technical” in nature
Involve human intelligence and judgment
Difficult to make visible
Executes as a network, not as a chain
Output
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Business Process 2013?
IT and human resources will be exposed as software agents
Agents play different roles in different processes
Agents can coordinate their actions by agreeing upon their roles and future work in the goal-oriented collaboration
page 5
work in the goal-oriented collaboration
Ad hoc processes; essentially mobile
Challenging complexity
Context data ≠ instance data
Agents are stateful: provider behavior not idempotent
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Some modern definitions
A process is a coherent set of activities carried out by a collaborating set of
roles to achieve a goal.
– Ould: Business Process Management: A Rigorous Approach
A business process is the complete and dynamically coordinated set of
collaborative and transactional activities that deliver value to customers.
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collaborative and transactional activities that deliver value to customers.
– Smith and Fingar: Business Process Management: The Third Wave
A business process consists of a set of activities that are performed in
coordination in an organizational and technical environment. These activities
jointly realize a business goal. Each business process is enacted by a single
organization, but it may interact with business processes performed by other
organizations.
– Weske: Business Process Management: Concepts, Languages,
Architectures
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Levels of business processes (Weske)
Business
Strategy
Goals
Determine Realize
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Organizational Business Processes Operational
Business Processes Implemented
Business Processes
Determine
Determine
Determine
Realize
Realize
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Unit of Work (UoW)
Handles a single case of the UoW
Case
The Process Trinity (Ould)
Cases
Handles a single case of the UoW through its lifetime
Manages the continuing flow of cases of the UoW, monitoring over the medium term, scheduling,
and prioritizing case process instances
Case
Process
Case Management
Process
Observes long-term performance and trends, makes predictions, and determines the strategy for the case and case processes in the future
Case Strategy
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What is Business Process
Management?
Business Process Management
(BPM) is about
discovering
the
relationships between business
process participants,
analyzing
Analyze Discover
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process participants,
analyzing
and
redesigning
them,
defining performance
metrics
for each participant, and
monitoring
and
optimizing
their performance.
Optimize Design
Implement Monitor
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BPM is a
Strategic
Tool
Strategic
Management
Monitoring
Discovery
Roles
G
o
a
ls
M
e
tr
ic
s
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Software Business and Engineering Institute
Industrial
Age
1750-1960s
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Software Business and Engineering Institute
Mind the Gap?
As-Is
Analysis
To-Be
Design
IT
Infrastructure
Business
Infrastructure
gap?
Requirements
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Software Business and Engineering Institute
Removing Process from Applications
Business Business
Business Application
Business
Application Business ProcessBusiness Process
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Business Application Business Application Operating System Business Application Operating System Business Application Operating System Data Management Business Application Operating System Data Management Application Operating System Data Management Transaction Processing Application Operating System Data Management Transaction Processing Operating System Data Management Transaction Processing Business Process Management Operating System Data Management Transaction Processing Business Process Management
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The Modeling Spectrum
Code
Model
Model
Model-driven
Design-driven
Level of
abstraction
Code
Model
Code
Model
Code
Code only
Code visualization
Roundtrip
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Top-Down Meets Bottom-Up in BPMS
Collaborative
Business Process Model
Executable
Executable
Process
Development
Business
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Executable
Process
Executable
Process
Service
Fabric
Information Systems
Software
Development
Business
Process
Management
System
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Business Process Management System
(BPMS)
A
business process
management system
is a
generic software system that is
driven by explicit process
representations to coordinate
the enactment of business
processes.
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Functional Faculties of BPMS
Process Administration Process
Modeling
Workspace
Orchestration Environment
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Business Activity Monitoring Rules
Engine
Process Repository
Resource Management Process
Engine
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Pure-Play BPM Integration Enterprise Application Lombardi, Metastorm Pegasystems, Savvion TIBCO, Vitria, webMethods SAP, Oracle
BPM Vendors
Landscape
BPM Functionality Traditional B2B Enterprise Content Management Application Platform Sterling Commerce, Inovis, GXS EMC/documentum, Open Text, FileNet IBM, BEA, Microsoft,SoberIT
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Business Process as a Network:
Private and Public Processes
Private Process
Specifies the process control
logic within the context of a
business process participant
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Executable
Public Process
Governs externally observable
behavior of business process
participants by specifying the
message exchange between
them
Declarative
Private
process
Public
process
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Software Business and Engineering Institute
Orchestration and Choreography specify
private and public process, respectively
Orchestration
is an imperative
formal description of the sequence
and conditions in which an
executable process invokes
Orchestration
Choreography
executable process invokes
services and interacts with other
processes in order to achieve its
design objectives.
Choreography
is a declarative
formal description of the
coordination between multiple
participants, specifying their roles
and observable message
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From an Orchestration Perspective
Send
PO
Transform
From ERP
PO Request
Private Process
Business A Orchestration
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Receive PO
Ack
Receive PO
Response
Transform
To ERP
PO Acknowledgement
PO Response
Orchestration – A private executable business process
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From a Choreography Perspective
PO Request
Send
PO
Receive
PO
Public Process
Business A
Business B
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Receive PO
Ack
Receive PO
Response
Send
PO Ack
Send PO
Response
PO Acknowledgement
PO Response
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Software Business and Engineering Institute
Orchestration and Choreography
Together
Business
B
Business Analyst Tool
Business
A
Send
Business A Orchestration
Generate
Process
Model
Generate
Process
Model
Receive
Business B Orchestration
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Send
PO
Receive PO
Ack
Receive PO
Response
Transform
Transform
PO Request
PO Acknowledgement
PO Response
Receive
PO
Send PO Ack
Receive PO
Response
Transform
Transform
Two process models reflecting a business agreement
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Logical Levels of BPM
Process Model (Notational)
Process template
Process Reengineering
Process Modeling
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Orchestration
Orchestration
Services
Services
Applications
Applications
Process Integration
Process Assets
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Workflow Management (WfM)
Flow of work
Imperative
Suitable for workflow processes
”Controlled process”
Business Process Management (BPM)
IT Approaches to Process Management
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Business Process Management (BPM)
Declarative
Suitable for structured collaborative processes
Explicit interactions
”Coordinated process”
Human Interaction Management (HIM)
Mobile behavior
Agreements
Suitable for irregular collaborations
Tacit interactions
”Contracted process”
HIM
BPM
WfM
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Evolution of Process Management
”Coordinated
”Contracted
Process”
Agreement
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”Controlled
Process”
”Coordinated
Process”
Workflow
Management
Business
Process
Management
Workflow
Orchestration
Choreography
Human
Interaction
Management
Role
Story
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