Intro to Virtualization

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Intro to Virtualization

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Preprepared by Phil Grimes

Coach / Mentor - Security Consultant

Small changes & Additions by Dr. Enis

Karaarslan, 2014

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What is a Virtual Machine?

 Computer within a computerComputer within a computer

 It's there, but it's notIt's there, but it's not

 Logically Logically lookslooks like physical machine like physical machine

Memory (RAM) Memory (RAM)

Ethernet Connection Ethernet Connection Storage (Hard disks) Storage (Hard disks) Other components? Other components?

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Level the Playing Field

 Host operating system (host OS)Host operating system (host OS)

The operating system of the physical computer on The operating system of the physical computer on

which the virtual machine was installed. which the virtual machine was installed.

 Guest operating system (guest OS)Guest operating system (guest OS)

The operating system running inside the virtual The operating system running inside the virtual

machine. machine.

 SnapshotSnapshot

A snapshot is a copy of the virtual machine’s current A snapshot is a copy of the virtual machine’s current

state. state.

Multiple snapshots can be saved to go back to at any Multiple snapshots can be saved to go back to at any

given time. given time.

 ImageImage

The actual virtual machine The actual virtual machine

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VM Advantages

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Flexibility

 Travel back and forward in Travel back and forward in

virtual machine time virtual machine time

 Run multiple operating Run multiple operating

systems (OS) and applications systems (OS) and applications

on one physical machine at on one physical machine at

the same time the same time

 Independent of hardware or Independent of hardware or

software underneath the VM software underneath the VM

 Run legacy applications Run legacy applications

without having to changes without having to changes

current OS settings current OS settings

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Scalability & Portability

 Multiple VMs can reside Multiple VMs can reside

on one physical on one physical

machine machine

 Easily transported from Easily transported from

one machine to another one machine to another

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Cost

 Less expensive than Less expensive than

buying multiple buying multiple machines (less machines (less hardware to purchase) hardware to purchase)

 Less power/electricity Less power/electricity

than having more than having more physical machines physical machines

 Save time testing new Save time testing new

software without it software without it

affecting your current affecting your current

configurations configurations

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VM Disadvantages

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Requirements are a must

 Purpose of the Purpose of the

machine machine

 How many users How many users

will need to be will need to be

accommodated accommodated (now and in the (now and in the

future) future)

 Types of demands Types of demands

users will be users will be

placing on the placing on the

machine (now and machine (now and

in the future) in the future)

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Performance, Resources, &

Failure (oh my!)

 Performance might be Performance might be

degraded if necessary degraded if necessary hardware has not been hardware has not been allocated

allocated

 Running VMs simultaneously Running VMs simultaneously

requires more hardware requires more hardware resources

resources

 Single point of failureSingle point of failure

If host machine fails, all VMs residing on If host machine fails, all VMs residing on

that machine fail that machine fail

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Tools of the Game

 Many tools exist to create Many tools exist to create

and run virtual machines, and run virtual machines,

however, we will use Vmware however, we will use Vmware

 VMware playerVMware player

A free product that will allow you to run A free product that will allow you to run

virtual images on your computer virtual images on your computer

http://www.vmware.com/products/player/ http://www.vmware.com/products/player/

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How to Get VMWare

Read:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/VMware/Player

Steps (for Ubuntu 10.04 and above):

1.Install required packages build-essential and

linux-headers:

headers:

sudo apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-$

(uname -r)

2. Download the latest VMware player

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3. Chmod and run …

chmod +x

~/Downloads/Vmware-Player-6.0.2-1744117.x86_64.bundle

1744117.x86_64.bundle

gksudo bash

~/Downloads/Vmware-Player-6.0.2-1744117.x86_64.bundle

1744117.x86_64.bundle

Vmware Tools and upgrades can be done

automatically after the installation

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Network Setup

Default network connection: NAT to the host

device

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VMWare Image

When you create or download a VMware image you may notice there are

several files associated with that image. DO NOT make any changes to

these files unless specifically instructed to do so. Modifying these files

can severely impact the performance of your virtual image and may

render it inoperable.

Some of the file types you will see associated with a VMware image are

Some of the file types you will see associated with a VMware image are  *.vmdk:*.vmdk:

Simulated hard drive for your virtual system. There may be one or more of these Simulated hard drive for your virtual system. There may be one or more of these files associated with your virtual image as VMware allows you to split a single files associated with your virtual image as VMware allows you to split a single virtual disk into multiple 2GB files.

virtual disk into multiple 2GB files.

 *.vmx:*.vmx:

These files contain details such as the type of hardware to simulate for the virtual These files contain details such as the type of hardware to simulate for the virtual system, the amount of memory to allow the virtual machine to use, and so on. system, the amount of memory to allow the virtual machine to use, and so on.

 *.nvram:*.nvram:

This file stores the state of the virtual machine's BIOS. This file stores the state of the virtual machine's BIOS.

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VMWare Image (con't)

 Netseclab training and competitions require downloading of Netseclab training and competitions require downloading of

VMware images. VMware images.

It is extremely important that you verify you have a “clean” download. It is extremely important that you verify you have a “clean” download.

A checksum is a mathematical calculation based on the data contained in a file – matching A checksum is a mathematical calculation based on the data contained in a file – matching

checksums allows you to determine if a file has been corrupted or modified from its checksums allows you to determine if a file has been corrupted or modified from its

original state. If the checksum of the file you downloaded does not match the checksum original state. If the checksum of the file you downloaded does not match the checksum displayed on the web page where you downloaded the file you must download the image displayed on the web page where you downloaded the file you must download the image again.

again.

 VMware also hosts a Virtual Appliance Marketplace at VMware also hosts a Virtual Appliance Marketplace at

http://www.vmware.com/appliances/. http://www.vmware.com/appliances/.

Pre-built VMware images containing everything from different operating systems to Pre-built VMware images containing everything from different operating systems to

demonstrations of security and network management products are available to download. demonstrations of security and network management products are available to download.

Netseclab

Netseclab is in no way affiliated with the Virtual Application Marketplace or any of the is in no way affiliated with the Virtual Application Marketplace or any of the content made available through the marketplace. Users download and use the virtual content made available through the marketplace. Users download and use the virtual appliances at their own risk.

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Using VMWare Player

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Open VMWare Image

Start the Player

Run

Run->VMware Player->VMware Player from your _{from your}

Ubuntu menu

The dialog box will appear. Click

on “Open a Virtual Machine”.

To launch VMware Player and browse for a virtual

image, follow these steps:

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Open VMWare Image (con't)

This will take you back to the main VMware Player

screen. Select the image name on the left, then click

‘Play virtual machine’

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Open VMWare Image (con't)

Browse to the directory where you’ve downloaded or

unzipped a virtual image. Click to select the .vmx

file associated with the virtual image you wish to

start and click the “Open” button

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Open VMWare Image (con't)

If this is the first time you’ve started the VMware image

a dialog box (see below) will Appear. Select ‘I copied it’,

then Click ‘OK’ to continue.

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Open VMWare Image (con't)

The next screen you may see will a list removable devices The next screen you may see will a list removable devices

that can be associated with and accessed by the virtual that can be associated with and accessed by the virtual

image. Click “OK” to continue. image. Click “OK” to continue.

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Open VMWare Image (con't)

When the virtual image has finished booting, you will see a When the virtual image has finished booting, you will see a

login screen or welcome screen just as you would on a login screen or welcome screen just as you would on a

physical computer loaded with the same operating system physical computer loaded with the same operating system

that is running inside your virtual image. For example, a that is running inside your virtual image. For example, a

virtual image running Windows XP. virtual image running Windows XP.

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Homework

 Download and use VMware Download and use VMware

images from the netseclab images from the netseclab

website website

soon ... soon ...

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