1.1 What is Earth Science and what Earth Scientists study.
Geology Earth, earthquakes, mountains, volcanoes, and Earth’s history. What is Geology__ all of it………..______________________________?
Oceanography
Composition and movements of seawater, coastal processes, seafloor, topography, and marine life?
What is Oceanography?_ all the above_________________________? Meteorology Atmosphere, weather, climate.
What is meteorology?__ all the above__________________________?
Astronomy Universe, solar system.
What is Astronomy?_all the above______________________? What topics are studied in Earth
sciences?
A. Earth’s atmosphere_____________________ B. Earth’s surface_________________________ C. Earth’s neighbors in space_________________ D. Earth’s interior__________________________ What are some of the
subdivisions of Earth Science?
The subdivisions of Earth science include? Geochemistry____________________________ Geophysics______________________________ Paleontology____________________________ Oceanography___________________________ Meteorology____________________________ Astronomy______________________________ What does the word Geology
mean?
The word geology means?
“study of the earth”______________________ “ study of plants”________________________ “ study of worms”_______________________ “ study of soil”__________________________ Geology is divided into two
broad areas
Physical geology and Historical geology. True or False?
What do physical geologists study?
Physical geologists study the materials that make up Earth and the processes_________________that shape our planet.
Rocks and minerals form in response to Earth’s
Internal and external processes.
What do historical geologists study?
physical and biological changes that have occurred in the? Past or the future?
What are the sciences integrated into?
Chemistry?_____________________________ Biology?_______________________________ Physics________________________________ Meteorology___________________________
What do oceanographers study? Oceanographers study the composition and movements of seawater? coastal processes?
seafloor topography? marine life?
The study of the atmosphere and the processes that produce weather and climate is???
Meteorology? Astronomy?
Formation of Earth?
The nebular hypothesis suggests that the bodies of our _solar
system____________________evolved from an enormous rotating cloud called the____solar nebula______________________________.
The solar nebulas is made up of mostly?
Carbon………. Iron……… Oxygen (false)
Describe what is occurring in the first two stages of the formation of the solar system according to the nebular hypothesis.
Draw Picture:
Hydrogen and helium with a small percentage of heavier elements coalesced. The cloud nebula started to rotate and collapse toward the center of the cloud. Heat was generated at the center, which eventually formed the sun.
What is the enormous cloud of dust and gases that makes up our solar system?
An enormous cloud of dust and gases made up mostly of: Hydrogen______________________
Helium_________________________ Heavier elements: can cause collapse. The cloud or nebular started to
rotate and collapse toward the center of the cloud.
Heat was generated to the_______center____________ which eventually formed the sun.
Section 1.2 A View of Earth
Vocabulary Terms: Define
Hydrosphere:
Atmosphere:
Geosphere:
Biosphere:
Core:
Mantle:
Crust:
Vocabulary Terms: Define
Earth can be thought of as consisting of four major spheres: Where is the hydrosphere?
Hydrosphere, atmosphere, geosphere, and biosphere.
Where is the geosphere? The Geosphere is composed of the core, mantle, and crust.
Where is the Biosphere? The Biosphere is all life-forms of Earth.
Hydrosphere: The Hydrosphere is the water portion of Earth.
Atmosphere: Atmosphere is the gaseous envelope of Earth.
Matching Terms Geosphere is composed of the core, mantle, and crust. Biosphere is where all life-forms exist.
Core is the dense, heavy inner sphere of Earth.
Mantle is the located between the crust and core of Earth. Crust is the thin outside layer of the Earth.
What does each letter in the diagram below represent?
Define the following vocabulary:
Inner core: A
Outer core: B
Lower mantle: C
Crust: D
Upper Mantle: E
Oceanic Crust: F
Lithosphere: H
Asthenosphere: I
Upper Mantle: J
Plate Tectonics: True or False?
Forces such as weathering and erosion that work to wear away high points and flatten out Earth’s surface are called constructive forces?
_____________________________
Circle the letter of each type of constructive force?
A. gravity
B. mountain building C. ocean currents D. volcanism In the following sentence true
or false?
Constructive forces depend on Earth’s internal heat for their source of energy?
Circle the letter of the theory that provided geologists with a model to explain how
earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur and how continents move?
A. continental drift B. evolution C. plate tectonics D. Pangaea
Explain the principles of the plate tectonic theory?
Earth’s lithosphere is broken into several individual sections called plates. The plates move
These plates move slowly and continuously due to the unequal distribution of heat within Earth.
The movements of these plates generate earthquakes, volcanic activity, and the deformation of large masses of rock into mountains.
Section 1.3 Representing Earth’s Surface:
A. What do I expect to learn? Latitude and longitude.
B. What do I expect to learn? I expect to learn about different types of maps.
C. What I Learned? Latitude lines measure degrees north and south of the equator ; longitude lines measure degrees east and west of the prime meridian.
disadvantages. Determining Location:
Define all these terms:
Terms:
a. Longitude: a
b. Globe: b
c. Eastern, Western: C
d. Prime meridian: D
e. northern, southern: E
f. latitude:
g. equator
Maps and Mapping A(n) map is a flat representation of Earth’s. Define the following words: Use the terms:
Robinson Projection: D
Gnomic Projection: B
Mercator Projection: C
Conic Projection: A
Topographic Maps: Circle the information that topographical maps show.
A. the round shape of the Earth with no distortion. B. The depth of Earth’s layers
Advanced Technology: is the following sentence true or false?
The process of collecting data about Earth from a distance (such as from orbiting satellites) is called remote sensing…..
true or false?
Circle the things scientists can study using satellite remote sensing?
a. rivers and oceans b. fires.
c. pollution
d. natural resources A. Earth System Science?
B. Earth as a System?
What is a system?
a. system-any size group of interacting parts forming a whole. b. types of systems – closed and open
c. Earth has two energy sources-the sun and Earth’s interior.
d. the parts of the Earth system are linked, so a change in one part can cause changes in all the other parts.
Earth is
a(n)__________________made-up of numerous interacting parts, or subsystems?
A system can be any size group of ………
Subsystem or System
Interacting parts that form a complex whole.
What is a closed system? In a closed system, energy moves freely in and out of the system, but no matter enters or leaves the system.
What is a open system? In an open system, both energy and matter move into and out of the system.
Earth as a System: Is the following sentence true or false?
The Earth system is powered by energy from the sun and Earth’s exterior. Is the following sentence true or
false?
The sun drives external processes that occur in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and at Earth’s surface.
Using the Volcanic Eruption determine the concept map on your handout.
Terms:
a. rivers and streams rerouted b. lower temperatures
c. habitats eliminated
People and the Environment: circle the letter of each statement that is true about
nonliving things that make up the environment.
c. Temperature, humidity, and sunlight are conditions that make up the environment.
d. soil and rock are nonliving things that make up the environment. What are renewable resources? Something that can be replenished over relatively short time spans.
Circle the letter of each item that is a nonrenewable resource.
a. iron b. petroleum c. aluminum d. natural fibers Environmental Problems:
Significant threats to the environment include??
a. air pollution b. acid rain c. ozone depletion d. global warming
Section 1.5 What is Scientific Inquiry?
DEFINE THESE WORDS:
What is a theory? An explanation that is supported by evidence and widely accepted.
What is a Hypothesis: a possible scientific explanation for how or why things happen.
A scientific theory is well tested
and widely accepted by the scientific community……..
And best explains certain observable facts.
Scientific Methods: What is the process of gathering facts through observations and formulating scientific
hypotheses and theories called?
Circle the letter that best answers the question………
a. Scientific hypothesis b. Scientific theory c. Scientific method d. scientific testing
Complete the flowchart showing the basic steps of the scientific method…….
A. Collect scientific facts through observation and measurement.
B. Develop one or more working hypotheses or models to explain observed facts or measurements.
C. Test hypotheses using observations and/or experiments. D. After extensive testing, accept, modify, or reject the remaining hypothesis.
In the following sentence true or false?
