Chapter 27_imperialism_ppt_APUS

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_{Reasons for Imperialism}

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_{Alaska and Hawaii}

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_{The Spanish American War}

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_Cuba

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_{The Philippines}

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_{Puerto Rico}

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_{Reaction to Imperialism}

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_{Teddy Roosevelt’s Role}

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_{Big Stick Diplomacy}

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_{The Panama Canal}

Period 7: Chapter 27 – US

Imperialism

Standing, as I believe the United States stands for humanity and civilization, we should exercise every influence of our great country to put a stop to that

What is Imperialism?

• _{Current problems in America???} • _{Overpopulation in the cities}

• _{Industrialization needs new places to}

sell their products

• _{Monopolies control business in US} • _{Continued Foreign influence in the}

western hemisphere (despite the Monroe Doctrine)

• _{American Expansionism - America wanted}

to compete in colonization with the “Big Dogs” (a.k.a. France, Great Britain,

Germany, Russia, and Japan).

• _{Fredrick Jackson Turner wrote the}

Significance of the Frontier in American History – once the western frontier was explored and developed, the US would have to expand outside its borders.

• _{Imperialism – extend economic, political,}

• _{Military strength - Admiral Alfred Mahan (wanted}

US to become a naval power)

• _{Imperial strength – measured by the size of your}

navy (try to mimic the British Empire)

• _{To avoid potential wars with GB – Great}

Rapprochement (alliance) helps US do this.

• _{New markets - US wanted to increase its Spheres of}

Influence – (other territories that it influenced)

• _{Driven by big business!}

• _{Big Sister Policy – create alliances with Latin}

America to open new places to sell US goods.

• _{Search for new materials - Mercantilism (desire to}

obtain colonies with resources to become economically powerful).

• _{Again, driven by big business!}

Reasons for Imperialism - The 3 M’s

U. S. Foreign Investments: 1869-1908

• _{Anglo-Saxon and Christian Superiority (Josiah}

Strong on Anglo-Saxon Predominance – it is our responsibility to spread our dominant culture and Christianity).

• _{Also used Social Darwinism to explain why}

Anglo-Saxons were superior.

• _{White Man’s Burden by Kipling – poem that}

became a slogan for Imperialism and the spread of Christianity and capitalism.

• _{Jingoism – “chauvinistic patriotism” - bully}

other countries doing what you want them to do.

• _{William Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer – trying to}

get more readers wrote exaggerated accounts of events – Yellow Journalism (made

imperialistic activity sound adventurous).

A Review: US Acquisition of

Alaska

•

_{William Seward – One of his}

trusted and honest cabinet

members – Sec. of state.

•

_{Purchased Alaska from}

Russia for $7.2 million.

•

_{Called “Seward’s Folly”}

or “Seward’s Icebox” -

many thought that it was

just a frozen wasteland.

•

_{Helped with the annexation}

• _{Annexation of Hawaii – had been important to the US…}

why???

• _{Trade (1/2 way to China).}

• _{US population and money is there (3 foreigners to 1}

local due to sugar plantations).

• _{Wanted as a naval base (Pearl Harbor) for refueling.} • _{Queen Liliuokalani – said “Hawaii for Hawaiians”}

(wanted to locals to have more control).

• _{US business – ran sugar and banana plantations}

(McKinley Tariff hurt sugar trade to US).

• _{However…Japanese and Chinese population outnumber}

white and Hawaiian numbers (creates fear over Japanese imperialistic take over).

• _{US businessmen encouraged by Ambassador John}

Stevens started a revolution - put Sanford Dole into power and the queen stepped down.

• _{1898 – US claimed Hawaii.}

Gentleman’s Agreement: 1908

• _{“This understanding contemplates that the}

Japanese government shall issue passports to

continental United States only to such of its subjects as are non-laborers or are laborers who, in coming to the continent, seek to resume a formerly

acquired domicile, to join a parent, wife, or children residing there, or to assume active control of an

already possessed interest in a farming enterprise in this country, so that the three classes of laborers

entitled to receive passports have come to be designated former residents, parents, wives, or children of residents, and settled agriculturists.”

The Spanish American War – A

“Splendid Little War”

Cuba starts it all

• _{Spain controlled Cuba – US wanted to buy}

it and Spain refused.

• _{Cuba revolted – Spain maintained control}

but it weakened – US started investing money in Cuba.

• _{Jose Marti – revolutionist and poet}

attacked US plantations to promote a Cuba Libre!

• _{Yellow Journalism (fanned war fever in}

US).

• _{McKinley tried peaceful negotiations – De}

Lome Letter from Spanish Minister called him “weak” – minister resigned, but US insulted.

• _{McKinley sends the USS Maine to bring}

War With Spain – Remember the

Maine!

• _{April 20, 1898 – US declares war even}

though Spain agreed to all requests of US

• _{Philippines – Commodore George}

Dewey’s fleet destroyed Spanish fleet in Manila – along with locals support and desire for freedom, Spain surrendered to the US by August.

• _{Cuba – Rough Riders (volunteer cavalry}

led by Teddy Roosevelt) – cleared the way for victory at San Juan Hill - TR declared hero!

• _{Treaty of Paris – Spain and US sign an}

armistice on August 12th – war lasted 15 weeks (Splendid Little War).

• _{The issue to decide was Philippines – Social}

Darwinism and White Man’s Burden

justified taking it.

• _{At the end, the US controlled Guam, Puerto}

US in control

• _{Puerto Rico – Foraker Act - end military rule and}

set a civil government (1917 – given citizenship, but not a state).

• _{Cuba – Teller Amendment stated that US had no}

intention of taking over Cuba.

• _{Set up constitution with no mention of US}

relations – US wanted to add the Platt Amendment:

• _{No treaties that gives foreign control to any other} • _{US right to intervene}

• _{No Cuban Debt…unless to US}

• _{US buy/lease land for Naval Stations – G-mo}

Bay

• _{Became a protectorate – Affairs partially}

controlled by US (mostly to protect US businesses).

• _{The Philippines Rebel – wanted independence and revolted (used guerilla warfare and US}

reacted harshly) – took three years to put down revolt (4k lives and 400M$).

• _{Set up governments similar to PR – gave it freedom in 1946.}

• _{Influence in China – China is weak due to other foreign intervention – created the Open}

Door Policy (all imperialist nations should share trading rights in China with the US).

• _{Chinese rebels known as “boxers” wanted imperialists out – Boxer Rebellion lasted two}

months and thousands died.

• _{Open Door Policy illustrated three things:} • _{US economy depended on exports.}

• _{US had right to intervene to keep foreign markets open.} • _{Closing an area off the US threatened its survival.}

• _{Majority of Americans favored Imperialism but minority didn’t – Anti-Imperialist League}

(Andrew Carnegie, Jane Addams, Grover Cleveland) – wrong for US to rule over other people without their consent.

Roosevelt as an Imperialist

“Speak softly and carry a big stick for you will go far”

• Peacemaker –mediated between Japan and Russia - Treaty of Portsmouth (1906 Nobel Peace Prize).

• Panama Canal - Panama had been started and abandoned – US bought it for 40M.

• _{Construction – 5,600 died and cost 380M}

– opened 1914 and 1k ships/first year.

• _{Latin American countries borrowed money}

from European countries – US was worried they would get involved if they defaulted on the loans.

• TR adapted the Monroe Doctrine adding the

U. S. Global Investments &