Secure & Efficient Communication in VANET with Advance AODV Routing Protocol (AAP)

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH IN EMERGING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOLUME-2, ISSUE-12, DEC-2015 E-ISSN: 2349-7610

Secure & Efficient Communication in VANET with Advance AODV Routing Protocol (AAP)

Kamlesh Namdev

¹

and Dr. Prashant Kumar Singh

²

1CSE, PhD Research Scholar, Dr.K.N.Modi University, Newai(Raj) - India

1[email protected]

2[email protected]

ABSTRACT

Safety systems are becoming nowadays an attractive topic for the research community with the increase in the number of traffic accidents and the complexity of the roads infrastructure. Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) is a new class of wireless networks that allows the communications among neighboring vehicles and between vehicles and nearby road-side infrastructure such as traffic lights and command centers or junction.

In Routing algorithm AODV, security related issues are opened and research challenge like attack on communicating vehicles are found and represented in this paper. Security issues still require more effort and research to address them.

Index Terms: AODV, City Scenarios, Security, Attacks, Routing Protocols Etc.

1. INTRODUCTION

Information may be very important for a particular vehicle, or to a vehicle driver, pertaining to traffic problems. In the VANET system the information is forwarded through intermediate vehicle as available in the network. This flow of information can be intentionally disturbed by any mischievous node.

The communication can be attacked by following type:

1) Sending numerous copies of the message or 2) Messages thereby jamming the channel, 3) Delay in passing the information, 4) Dropping the information packet etc.

Figure 1 Attackers in Attacking Mode

Hence, the above stated problem must be addressed properly and we present the main security requirements for VANETs.

There are three main security requirements necessary which are given below [1]:

1.1 Confidentiality

In VANETs, each node requires secure confidential communication.

1.2 Integrity

It ensures that messages or data delivered in VANET can’t altered by attackers.

1.3 Availability

During communication all time network should be available even if it is under an attack without disturbing its performance.

1.4 Privacy

Driver’s personal information or profile must be maintained against attacker’s access.

1.5 Traceability and Revocability

Some important information of vehicle like real identity should be hidden from other vehicles of network.

A well defined solution provided for efficient and secure information through uses some security concept.

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2. INTRODUCTION OF AODV VANET ROUTING PROTOCOL

It is important to develop a routing algorithm which is able to achieve the communications Vehicle to Vehicle & Vehicle to Junction. Routing elaborates the process of carrying a packet from source to destination.

AODV allows mobile nodes to obtain routes quickly for new destinations, and does not require nodes to maintain routes to destinations that are not in active communication. Route Requests (RREQs), Route Replies (RREPs), and Route Errors (RERRs) are the message types defined by AODV. In AODV routing, upon receipt of a broadcast query (RREQ), nodes record the address of the node sending the query in their routing table. This procedure of recording its previous hop is called backward learning. Upon arriving at the destination, a reply packet (RREP) is then sent through the complete path obtained from backward learning to the source.

3. PERFORMANCE & ANALYSIS OF AODV VANET ROUTING PROTOCOL

Following data input into NS2 simulator for simulation

Parameters Simulation value

Simulator NS-2.34

Simulation Time 300 second

Antenna Model Omni directional antenna Radio Propagation Model Two Ray Ground Transmission Range 250 m

MAC Type IEEE 802.11

Interface Queue Type Priority Queue (50 Packets) Routing Protocols AODV

Simulation Area 1000 m X 1000 m

No. of vehicles 20

Table 1 Input Parameters for NS2

3.1 Security Attack on AODV:

On the network when information is disseminated on Vehicle to Vehicle, it is public network because any node can enter or exit from the network. Security problem may occur and any attacker can attack on communicating node.

1) Simulated results on AODV attack

BEFORE ATTACK ON AODV

AFTER ATTACK ON AODV

SEND 9564 9564

RECV 9124 5070

ROUTINGPKTS 2109 418915

PDF 95.4 53.01

NRL 0.23 82.63

No. of dropped data 440 4494

Actual Performance 20797 433549

Efficiency 96.40% 55.51%

Table 2 Result of Attack on AODV

As per the simulated results of before & after attack on AODV routing protocol (table 2) there is huge difference between receiving packet, routing packets, PDF, NRL, dropped data packet & overall performance drop by 44.49% (from 96.40%

to 55.51%).

4. EFFICIENT COMMUNICATION

We find that there are some possibilities to improve the routing protocol. At present there is a difference between sending and receiving packets, high dropping data packet rate, not optimum use of bandwidth, flooding in communication, etc.

1) Routing Load

The routing load for efficient communication should be as low as possible. We feel we are able to reduce this as compared to AODV protocol.

2) Packet Delivery

Packet delivery is the comparison of number of packet received by the destination node with the number of packet sent by the source node. It is the most important yard stick in packet forwarding. It may be influenced by dissimilar crucial factors such as group size, packet size, the mobility and action range. The robust message communication is defined as the full packet delivery. Here full delivery means all the packets sent by source node are received by the destination node before declared time.

Our effort is to minimize the gap between packets sent by the source & destination, and the packets received by the recipient. This will lead to increase in packet delivery.

5. IMPLEMENTATION OF DESIGNED

APPROACH

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We have designed algorithms for efficient and secure communication [2][4] AAP in previous work as follows:

5.1 Algorithm Designed For Cluster Formation a) Cluster Head selection

b) Joining node in the Cluster

c) Removal of Gateway node from cluster d) Cluster merging

e) Packet forwarding algorithm

5.2 Secure Communication Algorithm a) Algorithm for handling attackers b) For attackers handling

c) Control Block Module algorithm d) For queuing module

5.3 Junction Services for Efficient & Secure Communication

a) Location service b) shortest path c) redirection algorithm

After implementation of above algorithms, we designed new Advance AODV routing protocol, & get following results:

5.4 Security Attack on AODV Vs Advance AODV Protocol (AAP) Analysis:

Results on AODV attack v/s AAP attack

AFTER ATTACK ON AODV

AFTER ATTACK ON

AAP

SEND 9564 9564

RECV 5070 9110

ROUTINGPKTS 418915 1499

PDF 53.01 95.25

NRL 82.63 0.16

No. of dropped data 4494 454 Actual Performance 433549 20173

Efficiency 55.51% 96.30%

Table 3 NS2 results before & after attack

As per the simulated results AODV performance drop by 44.49% (from 96.40% to 55.51%) but on newly designed protocol there is a little effect of 3.7% (98.24% to 96.30%) only.

5.5 Routing Load after Attack

Graphical representation of Effect of attack on AODV vs Advance AODV Protocol (AAP)

Figure 2 Routing load Analysis of Attack on AODV vs AAP (excel)

We have applied the attack on 180 seconds on both routing protocols where routing load increases drastically on AODV, where a little effect on Advance AODV Protocol (AAP is shown in the figure 2.

5.6 Packet Delivery Ratio

We have found through NS2 simulator, the PDR attacking on AODV and Implemented Protocol. The results are as follows:

Graphical representation of PDR with effect the attack on AODV v/s Advance AODV Protocol (AAP)

Figure 3 PDR Analysis of Attack on AODV vs AAP(excel graph)

Figure 3 showing that an Implemented protocol PDR is all time higher than AODV after attacking.

5.7 Profile Analysis

We can Profile analysis through the equation no (1) given below. This equation gives the total number of infected packet available in the network those are harmful for efficient &

secure communication.

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(1)

Time

(Sec) 180S 200S 220S 240S 260S 280S 300S

AODV 0.0036 747

47.419 8

48.32 2

49.2 713

51.11 44

53.96 14

55.89 13

AAP 0.0041 54

0.0723 165

0.121 785

0.16 195

0.192 404

0.216 548

0.240 708

Table 4 Profile (Infected packet) Analysis of Attack on AODV vs AAP

Figure 4 Profile (Infected packet) Analysis of Attack on AODV vs AAP (excel graph)

Figure 4 shows that attacked packet (Infected packet)is suddenly increased in AODV routing VANET protocol when attacker attack on victims vehicle , but our Advance AODV Protocol (AAP) have little effect and lesser number of infected packet.

6. CONCLUSION

The situation is highly satisfactory under security attack condition where our implemented system efficiency is recorded as 96.30% as against 55.51% in AODV. It is also very satisfying to see when individual parameter behavior is compared between the existing system i.e. , AODV and our implemented system (AAP) , that the performance by our developed system both under “normal” and “security”

conditions has shown significantly high level compared to AODV.

REFERENCES

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[2] Kamlesh Namdev, Dr. Prashant Singh, “ Clustering in vehicular Ad Hoc Network for Efficient Communication” , International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 115 – No. 11, April 2015.

[3] Kamlesh Namdev, Dr. Prashant Kumar Sing,“

Enhancement of Efficient Communication in Vehicular Ad hoc Network” presented in DR.K.N. University , Newai, Raj, in an International conference.

[4] Kamlesh Namdev, Dr. Prashant Kumar Singh, “Efficient and secure communication in Vehicular Adhoc Network

” , International Journal of Computer Applications (0975-8887) Volume 127 No.14 Oct. 2015

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