2009 H1N1
The interaction between the 2009 H1N1 influenza A hemagglutinin and neuraminidase: mutations, co mutations, and the NA stalk motifs
... in 2009 H1N1 were mainly clustered together in the phylogenetic tree made of past represen- tative HA sequences, quite contrary to the NA case ...of 2009 H1N1 on 16 May 2009 in [25], ...
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Hospitalization risk of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic cases in Hong Kong
... The cumulative incidence of A(H1N1)pdm09 from serologic study revealed high attack rates in children and adolescents, with almost half (43.5%) of school age chil- dren infected during the first wave of the ...
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Receptor binding specificity and origin of 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza virus
... of 2009 H1N1 has become the predominant virus circulating in the southern hemisphere, particularly Australia and New Zealand, and in Singapore during the win- ter of ...for 2009 H1N1. We also ...
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Pathogenesis and Transmission of Triple-Reassortant Swine H1N1 Influenza Viruses Isolated before the 2009 H1N1 Pandemic
... TRS H1N1-infected ferrets. Moreover, TRS H1N1 viruses did not possess the ca- pacity for efficient aerosolized respiratory droplets, which is consistent with the limited, nonsustained transmission of TRS ...
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Sequential Seasonal H1N1 Influenza Virus Infections Protect Ferrets against Novel 2009 H1N1 Influenza Virus
... the 2009 virus, again accom- panied by strong antibody ...novel 2009 H1N1 influenza ...single H1N1 virus (discussed below) suggest that infec- tion with PR/8/1934 followed by Den/1/1957, with ...
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Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in the Context of the 2009 H1N1 Influenza A Pandemic
... The H1N1 virus is a subtype of influenza ...but 2009 H1N1 also binds to a2,3-linked receptors, which are found in the conjunctivae, distal airways, and alveolar ...The H1N1 virus remains ...
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Transmission of a 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza virus occurs before fever is detected, in the ferret model
... early isolates of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic virus, where transmission rates between 66% and 100% were reported [27]. In order to minimize animal numbers in further experiments, we engineered a recombinant ...
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Synthetic Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) and TLR7 Ligands as Influenza Virus Vaccine Adjuvants Induce Rapid, Sustained, and Broadly Protective Responses
... 1V270, alone or in combination with 1Z105, induces cross- protective immunity to heterologous influenza viruses. Some influenza virus vaccine adjuvants have been demonstrated to in- duce cross-protective responses (13, ...
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Hospitalised patients with suspected 2009 H1N1 Influenza A in a hospital in Norway, July December 2009
... physician registered clinical signs and symptoms, under- lying medical conditions, bacterial findings, selected laboratory tests, treatment and outcome for all patients in a standardized form. Thus, registration of ...
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Genetic divergence of influenza A NS1 gene in pandemic 2009 H1N1 isolates with respect to H1N1 and H3N2 isolates from previous seasonal epidemics
... the 2009 influenza A ..., 2009, only patients with ILI admitted to the Policli- nico San Matteo and other Hospitals in Lombardy were screened for influenza infection using the pan-influenza- A and the ...
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Effect of Priming with H1N1 Influenza Viruses of Variable Antigenic Distances on Challenge with 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Virus
... From their determination and analysis of the crystal structure of the CA/09 HA, Xu et al. concluded that the 1918 HA was a remarkably close relative of the CA/09 HA, with only 20% amino acid difference in the antigenic ...
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Novel host markers in the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza a virus
... The 2009 pandemic H1N1 strains could transmit in humans efficiently, but exclusively possess the avian signature ...novel 2009 H1N1 polymerase to main- tain the efficient replication ...of ...
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The 2009 H1N1 Pandemic Influenza Virus: What Next?
... both H1N1 and H3N2 viruses, in 1947 to 1951 and 1997 to 2003, respectively; this is an unexplained and possibly nonrandom ...circulating H1N1 viruses and vaccines would very likely afford partial protection ...
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Variability in transmissibility of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic in Canadian communities
... the 2009 pandemic in the pro- vince of Manitoba, Canada, with severe outbreaks in dif- ferent health regions during both spring and fall waves, we sought to investigate the variability in transmissibility of the ...
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Characterization of H1N1 Swine Influenza Viruses Circulating in Canadian Pigs in 2009
... human-like H1N1 viruses described in this ...shSIV H1N1 viruses described here were highly similar to A/SK/5351/2009 and, based on the fact that isolation from humans preceded the isolation from pigs ...
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Sensitivity and Specificity of Serologic Assays for Detection of Human Infection with 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Virus in U S Populations
... of 2009, the swine origin 2009 H1N1 influenza virus has spread globally to cause the first influenza pandemic in over 40 years (2, 8, ...pandemic H1N1 (2009 H1N1) virus-infected ...
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North American Triple Reassortant and Eurasian H1N1 Swine Influenza Viruses Do Not Readily Reassort to Generate a 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Like Virus
... 12. Garten RJ, Davis CT, Russell CA, Shu B, Lindstrom S, Balish A, Sessions WM, Xu X, Skepner E, Deyde V, Okomo-Adhiambo M, Gubareva L, Barnes J, Smith CB, Emery SL, Hillman MJ, Rivailler P, Smagala J, de Graaf M, Burke ...
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Towards a sane and rational approach to management of Influenza H1N1 2009
... Flu H1N1 2009 need to be based on fact and science, following recommendations of public health officials, and not fueled by political, legal or media interests and ...
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Development of a Reverse Transcription Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for Detection of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus as a Novel Molecular Method for Diagnosis of Pandemic Influenza in Resource Limited Settings
... (H1N1) 2009 virus-infected patients for diagnostic purposes at the Nagasaki Prefectural Institute for Environmental Research and Public ...(H1N1) 2009 virus RNA by the real-time RT-PCR method ...
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Heterogeneous virulence of pandemic 2009 influenza H1N1 virus in mice
... pdm H1N1 despite its efficient replication in the lower re- spiratory tract of the host coupled with increased levels of innate and adaptive immune mediators ...pdm H1N1 behaved differently in humans ...
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