Biological Oxygen Demand

This is the first kind of study that evaluates the efficiency of zero-valent iron nanoparticles synthesized from Coriandrumsativum leaves extract for treatment of municipal w[r]

ammonia-nitrogen NHJINH4 + ammonia-ox idising bacteria activated sludge anaerobic upflow filter biological nitrogen removal biological oxygen demand biological oxygen demand 5 day chemic[r]

The present study has been undertaken to evaluate performance efficiency of a waste water treatment plant. A sewage treatment plant operating on biological treatment method (Activated Sludge Process) with an average wastewater inflow of 23MLD bas been considered for case study. Waste water samples were collected at different stages of treatment units and analysed for the major water quality parameters, such as biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS) and total dissolved solids (TDS). The performance efficiency of each unit in treating the pollutants was calculated. Overall performance of the plant also has been estimated. The obtained results were very much useful in identification and rectification of operational and maintenance problems as well as the future expansion to be carried out in the plant to meet the increased hydraulic and organic loadings.

Industri kanji telah berkembang dengan pesatnya sejak akhir-akhir ini kerana mendapat permintaan yang tinggi daripada pelbagai cabang produk makanan. Akibatnya, penggunaan air telah meningkat dan pelepasan air sisa tanpa rawatan boleh menyebabkan pencemaran. Masalah punca utama oleh yang dihasilkan oleh air sisa berkanji adalah pencemaran air kerana kandungan biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) dan suspended solids (SS) boleh menjejaskan kualiti air. Hasil dari pemerhatian, air sisa berkanji yang tidak dirawat mengandungi kepekatan BOD 3 , COD dan SS yang tinggi iaitu 2,532 mg/L, 14,966

Abstract-- The objective of this study was to investigate the main pollution parameters of wastewater in three dairy processing plants in Amman city from (2008-2011) in Jordan. The wastewater samples were tested for BOD (Biological oxygen demand), COD (Chemical oxygen demand), TSS (Total suspended solid), TDS (Total dissolved solids), temperature and pH values. The results indicated that pollution levels of wastewater samples of dairy industry tested in this study were found high. Since Jordan is a country with little water resources and below water poverty line, discharge waters should be reclaimed and reused for irrigation instead of high quality waters.To avoid the environmental pollution and to protect public health, wastewater treatment units in these dairy plants are recommended for these dairy industries.

Photosynthetic organisms like microalgae possess useful potentials such as nutrient uptake, biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal from wastewater which are crucial for wastewater treatment. This study was conducted to determine the rate of phosphorus uptake and changes in COD and BOD during microalgae cultivation in sewage effluent. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater were used to analyse the characteristics of the effluent samples (test), BG-11 medium (control) and also determine algal growth rates under continuous light illumination and constant aeration at varying temperatures. Results obtained showed that; removal efficiencies of Chlorella sp were higher in the test samples than control. Removal efficiencies for BOD, COD and PO4 3-

The wastewater which was used for the treatment was collected from Nag River (Nagpur Municipal Corporation) which was containing very high impurities. The composition of the inlet waste water is shown in Table 1. and the different parameters like Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Turbidity, pH were conducted so that the level of impurities can be reduced to reuse the waste water.

modern world. Tremendous industrialization is going on around the globe and in recent situation water and air are getting highly contaminated. The textile industry is often associated with environmental pollution problems and this industry is also considered as ecologically one of the most polluting industries in the world. About 14.5% GDP of India is from textile industry. India has specially emerged as a leading center for processing of synthetic fabric, specially suiting of mixed fiber i.e. cotton and synthetic in the polyester/viscose fabrics. An assessment of environmental impacts has been made for a textile industry RSWM Limited of Bhilwara, Rajasthan during its operation phase. In this study, the physico-chemical parameters of water namely temperature, pH, hardness, total dissolved Solid (TDS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ambient air quality parameters namely SPM, SO 2 , NO x and evaluation

leachate. They were particularly effective for the treatment of young leachate containing easily biodegradable organic matter [1–3]. However, there are concerns about the application of biological processes for the old leachate treat- ment, which contains high concentrations of ammonium nitrogen and refractory organic matter [1]. Application of chemical treatments especially advanced oxidation pro- cesses (AOP) such as sulfate radical [4] and Fenton [5] were found effective to reduce the refractory organic content of old leachate. Despite the good results, chemical methods typically need to be combined to produce a treated effluent in accordance with restricted discharge limits. Consequently, its application may be limited by the high operational costs related to energy and chemicals consumption [1]. Certain strategies may be adopted upon the feasibility of the old leachate treatment by biological processes, including pre- treatments and co-treatment with domestic wastewater. Chemlal et al. [6] found that AOP as a pre-treatment could enhance the performance of an aerobic bioreactor by increasing the biodegradability of the refractory fractions. The AOP-bioreactor allowed an abatement of 90% of biological oxygen demand (BOD) and 87% of COD from an old leachate. According to Yuan et al. [7] pre-treatment of old leachate via air stripping followed by co-treatment with wastewater in an aerobic SBR (V leachate /V wastewater = 2.5%)

Limbah Cair Nanas sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Nata de Pina. Penelitian bertujuan mengkaji kuantitas. Kualitas, kelayakan ekologis dan ekonomis pembuatan nata de pina limbah cair nanas (LCN). Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan yaitu (A) LCN tanpa penambahan nutrisi; (B) LCN dengan penambahan nutrisi dan (C) LCN penyimpanan 6 bulan dengan penambahan nutrisi. Produk nata meliputi berat, tebal, warna, kecerahan. Kandungan serat dan sisa limbah dianalisis dengan Anova. Analisis deskriptif untuk kelayakan ekologis dan ekonomi. Hasil penelitian terdapat perbedaan yang sangat nyata perlakuan fermentasi LCN. Ketebalan nata berturut-turut dari dari tinggi kerendah perlakuan B 1,58 cm A 1,24 cm, dan C 0,88 cm. Berat nata B 889 gr, A 616,4 gr, dan C 477, 8 gr. Kadar serat C 9,3%, B 7,6% dan A 6,9% dengan kualitas warna, kecerahan, dan serat, sesuai standar untuk makanan. Pembuatan nata de pina mengurangi volume LCN 46,2-89,1% (Sig. 0,001). Berdasarkan baku mutu limbah, biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) dan total suspended solid (TSS) dibawah ambang batas yang dipersyaratkan kecuali pH. Secara ekonomi pembuatan nata de pina layak (BC ratio 4,7). Secara keseluruhan pembuatan nata de pina dari LCN menghasilkan nata yang baik serta layak secara ekologis dan ekonomis.

ammonia-nitrogen NHJINH4 + ammonia-ox idising bacteria activated sludge anaerobic upflow filter biological nitrogen removal biological oxygen demand biological oxygen demand 5 day chemic[r]

Phelp equation and monograph of Fair et et et alalalal.... were used for the et were used for the were used for the were used for the determination of the assimilative capacity and the maximum allowable biological oxygen demand (BOD) load determination of the assimilative capacity and the maximum allowable biological oxygen demand (BOD) load determination of the assimilative capacity and the maximum allowable biological oxygen demand (BOD) load determination of the assimilative capacity and the maximum allowable biological oxygen demand (BOD) load discharged into the river from three identified point sources of wastewater and for three different seasons in discharged into the river from three identified point sources of wastewater and for three different seasons in discharged into the river from three identified point sources of wastewater and for three different seasons in discharged into the river from three identified point sources of wastewater and for three different seasons in dry and harmattan seasons). Results indicate that in all the segments studied, the Fair ratio (self dry and harmattan seasons). Results indicate that in all the segments studied, the Fair ratio (self dry and harmattan seasons). Results indicate that in all the segments studied, the Fair ratio (self dry and harmattan seasons). Results indicate that in all the segments studied, the Fair ratio (self---- purification factor) is less than unity, indicating the predominance of deoxygenation rate over reaeration rate. purification factor) is less than unity, indicating the predominance of deoxygenation rate over reaeration rate. purification factor) is less than unity, indicating the predominance of deoxygenation rate over reaeration rate. purification factor) is less than unity, indicating the predominance

In this study the proposed ANN model predicts the performance of circulation of fresh waste leachate on old deposits from pH, time, biological oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen de[r]

The Hindon water is poured in an electrochemical cell. The anode and cathode were connected to the respective terminals of DC power supply. The DC current was varied from 0.5 to 4.0 A and electrical potential was varied from 5 to 20 V. The sludge is removed from the bottom of electrochemical cell after each run. The test sample was treated at three different current densities, viz., 20, 40 and 60 mA/cm 2 . The duration of electrolysis was 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. The pH was maintained 6.5 to 8. The pH of solution was adjusted by sulfuric acid and NaOH solution. Standard methods 15 were used for estimation of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Hardness (TH), Total Alkalinity (TA), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Electrical Conductivity (EC), and Microbial Population (MP). Microbial population was also observed after each run. Details of methods for microbial process were followed from Dubey 16 .

Water quality plays an important role in the survival and distribution of aquatic organisms. It is dependent on physico-chemical and nutrient parameters. The present investigation deals with the analysis of water uality of Veeranam Lake water samples were collected monthly for a period of one year from June 2009 to May 2010 at 5 sites of the lake. chemical parameters such as temperature, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), electrical conductivity (EC), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), chloride (Cl), sulphate (SO 4 ),

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) It’s obvious that the fineness of water quality, both COD and BOD5 were the determinant critical factors [16]. BOD and COD indicate the pollution of water by oxygen depletion [17]. The study revealed that both COD and BOD levels of the beverage industries effluent were severely higher than the standard limit value. It is noted that comparison of the laboratory results was done with the ef- fluent standards limit values of beverage industries and it indicated that all the measured values of COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) were above the standard of 250 mg/l, except one industry which was found within the limit value (Table 3). The Maximum COD value 1975 mg/l was found in F6 and the lowest value 226 mg/l was observed in F8 (Figure 7). The observed values were ranged be- tween 226 - 1975 mg/l (Figure 7). Discharging of extremely high COD effluent

River Hindon is an important river catering the demand of highly populated and industrial cluster of western Uttar Pradesh, India. Water quality of river Hindon is constantly deteriorating at an alarming rate due to various industrial, municipal and agricultural activities taking place along the course of the river. The present study investigates the seasonal and spatial variation in the water quality parameters 2015) along the selected stretch of the river. The physicochemical parameters such as pH, temperature, turbidity, total hardness (TH), total dissolved solids (TDS), total solids (TS), dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chloride, nitrate, phosphate and fecal Coliform were analyzed for the river water quality. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to investigate the statistically considerable spatial and here exist a statistically significant seasonal variation in the water quality of river with respect to pH, temperature, nitrate, sulphate, phosphate and DO. Whereas, the significant spatial variation was shown by TDS, TS, TH and chloride. Water quality dex (WQI) was calculated for each site using the National sanitation foundation water quality index (NSFWQI) method. WQI results in the present study reveals that the water quality varies “bad” to post monsoon water quality comes under “bad” category at all sampling locations. The significant seasonal variation (p< 0.05) was recorded

The present investigation reveals the seasonal changes in concentration of physico-chemical 16. Water samples were collected from different sites . Vishnu Prayag, Nand Prayag, Karna Prayag and Rudra Prayag of Uttarakhand during summer, chemical parameters as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total alkalinity (TA), total hardness (TH), total dissolved ids (TSS), total solids, chloride, turbidity and electrical conductivity (EC) were used to analyze the pollution status of river Alaknanda at four selected sites. The results revealed that the Karna Prayag site showed maximum concentration 1.97±0.91, 83.0±7.55, 40.5 of BOD, TH, TA, Turbidity, TS and TSS respectively. The water quality was recorded below the permissible limit setup by United Nation Public Health Services (USPHS) and World Health Organization (WHO). However it may exceed in future with increasing population and anthropogenic interference in the basin and can make ecological

In this paper, it is shortly discussed that what are the units involved in the dairy industry, what processes are involved in it; the work done in these processes; from what processes we can obtain the wastewater and what are the sources of wastewater in these units and the effect of this wastewater on the environment. These industries discharge wastewater which is characterized by high chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, nutrients, and organic and inorganic contents. Such wastewaters, if discharged without proper treatment, severely pollute receiving water bodies and disrupts complete ecosystem. Moreover, the Indian government has imposed very strict rules and regulations for the effluent discharge to protect the environment. Thus, appropriate treatment methods are required so as to meet the effluent discharge standards.

Untreated whey when disposed into the lakes and rivers pollutes the water bodies. The water becomes unfit for drinking as well as for the survival of biotic species. The cause for such pollution is due to high level of Biological Oxygen Demand and Chemical Oxygen Demand in the disposed whey (Willibrordus Augustinus Van der Weide. 2003). The continued practice of untreated whey into the environment could cause severe damage to the environment as well as the living organisms. Thus one of the best way to resolve the problem is to convert the untreated whey into a biofertilizer. It helps as a resource for the welfare of the environment by preventing the harmful effect of the chemical fertilizers on plants as well as the soil (Peter crisp et.al., 2014).