BoNT, botulinum neurotoxin
The Receptor Binding Domain of Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype A (BoNT/A) Inhibits BoNT/A and BoNT/E Intoxications In Vivo
... Clostridium botulinum A, B, and E strains were obtained from the Israel Institute for Biological Research collection (strains A198, B592, and E450, ...the neurotoxin genes with serotypes 62A (GenBank acces- ...
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Pallidal neurostimulation versus botulinum toxin injections in the treatment of cervical dystonia: protocol of a randomized, sham-controlled trial (StimTox-CD)
... Inventory; BoNT: botulinum neurotoxin; BPRS: Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; CD: cervical dystonia; CDQ-24: Craniocervical Dystonia Questionnaire; DBS: deep brain stimulation; EQ-5D: Euroquol (life ...
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An Ultrasensitive Gold Nanoparticle based Lateral Flow Test for the Detection of Active Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A
... timely botulinum antitoxin ...human-derived botulinum antitoxin has been recommended to administer as early as possible by some experts ...Clostridium botulinum lysis and subsequent BoNTs release ...
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A new treatment for focal dystonias: incobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin<sup>®</sup>), a botulinum neurotoxin type A free from complexing proteins
... with botulinum toxin (BoNT), of which two serotypes are available: BoNT type A (BoNT/A) and BoNT type B ...Conventional BoNT formulations include inactive complexing proteins, ...
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Comparison of botulinum neurotoxin type A formulations in Asia
... For incubation, PBS + 0.1% bovine serum albumin (solution 1) and PBS + 6% gelafusal (Serumwerke Bern- burg, Bernburg, Germany; solution 2) (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany, or Riedel-de-Haen, Seelze, Germany) were used. ...
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Botulinum neurotoxin formulations: overcoming the confusion
... It has been traditionally believed that shaking, bubbling, and storing the vial for a long period of time reduces the efficacy of BoNT. However, a few clinical studies have con- tradicted this. Trindade De Almeida ...
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Clostridium botulinum Group I Strain Genotyping by 15 Locus Multilocus Variable Number Tandem Repeat Analysis
... Clostridium botulinum is a taxonomic designation that encompasses a broad variety of spore-forming, Gram-positive bacteria producing the botulinum neurotoxin ...C. botulinum is the etiologic ...
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Assessment: Botulinum neurotoxin for the treatment of movement disorders (an evidence-based review)Report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology
... of BoNT that the in- vestigators judged to be “optimal,” one at half the optimal dose, one at double the dose, and one with saline ...receiving BoNT had bene- fit compared to 6% (one patient) who received ...
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On Botulinum Neurotoxin Variability
... a BoNT goes through from its synthesis to animal death and attempt to make a quantitative ...the BoNT complexes that are comprised of BoNT plus the additional pro- teins expressed by the various ...
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Isolation and Characterization of the Novel Botulinum Neurotoxin A Subtype 6
... of BoNT/A2 has been suggested to correlate with faster onset of local paralysis after intramuscular injection (15, ...for BoNT/A2, the onset of local paralysis as measured by DAS appeared slightly earlier ...
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Purification and Characterization of Botulinum Neurotoxin FA from a Genetically Modified Clostridium botulinum Strain
... ABSTRACT Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), produced by neurotoxigenic clostridial species, are the cause of the severe disease botulism in humans and ...of BoNT, designated “type H,” has been controversial. ...
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Characterization of New Formalin-Detoxified Botulinum Neurotoxin Toxoids
... toxoids. BoNT/A was used to generate the standard curve, which had an EC 50 of ...pure neurotoxin adsorbed to 96-well ...150-kDa neurotoxin occurred in the range of 2 to 20 nM ...pure ...
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SIAXIPlacebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind study of incobotulinumtoxinA for sialorrhea
... However, botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) had been effectively used to reduce saliva production in patients with sialorrhea since 1999, 11,12 and numerous studies had demonstrated the safety and ...
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Botulinum neurotoxin A treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in multiple sclerosis
... BONT-A is marketed under different brand names: Botox (onabotulinumtoxinA, Allergan, Irvine, CA), Dysport (abo- botulinumtoxinA, Ipsen, Slough, Berkshire, UK), Xeomin (incobotulinumtoxinA, Merz Pharmaceuticals UK ...
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Profile of Xeomin<sup>®</sup> (incobotulinumtoxinA) for the treatment of blepharospasm
... unique botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) drug free of complexing proteins otherwise contained in all conventional BoNT/A drugs, was recently approved by US Food and Drug Administration for ...
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Genetic Characterization of Clostridium botulinum Associated with Type B Infant Botulism in Japan
... Clostridium botulinum type B strains, including 3 isolates associated with infant botulism in Japan, were genetically characterized by phylogenetic analysis of boNT/B gene sequences, genotyping, and ...
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Stapling of the botulinum type A protease to growth factors and neuropeptides allows selective targeting of neuroendocrine cells
... cells. Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A), produced by a Clostridium bacterium carries a protease that selectively cleaves SNAP25 thereby blocking neuronal secretion for several months (Meunier et ...
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IncobotulinumtoxinA in aesthetics: Russian multidisciplinary expert consensus recommendations
... of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) in facial aesthetics, there are no global or Russian guidelines on the optimal dose of incobotulinumtoxinA, free from complexing proteins, within specific ...
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Botulinum neurotoxin type A for the treatment of pain: not just in migraine and trigeminal neuralgia
... after BoNT injection have spurred the explor- ation of the mechanisms underlying this effect in animal models and the collection of evidence in clinical settings ...that BoNT may be effective in controlling ...
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Development of novel assays for botulinum type A and B neurotoxins based on their endopeptidase activities
... ing BoNT/B in crude culture supernatant fluid from several strains of ...C. botulinum with the same sensitivity as that ob- served for the purified ...of BoNT/B. Second, BoNT/B, like the other ...
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