Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT)
Botulinum neurotoxin type A for the treatment of pain: not just in migraine and trigeminal neuralgia
... Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), a potent natural toxin produced by the anaerobic bacterium Clostri- dium botulinum , blocks the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction by ...
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An Ultrasensitive Gold Nanoparticle based Lateral Flow Test for the Detection of Active Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A
... several botulinum neurotoxin-producing Clostridia ...on botulinum neurotoxin-spiked human serum ...of botulinum neurotoxin using only 1 μ L of simulated serum, and its ...
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Sectioned images and surface models of a cadaver head with reference to botulinum neurotoxin injection
... of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BTX) as a nonsurgical therapy of the facial muscle is generally considered to be a safer and more reliable choice than traditional surgical treatment ...
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Characterization of New Formalin-Detoxified Botulinum Neurotoxin Toxoids
... formalin-detoxified botulinum neurotoxin preparations were measured by inhibition and sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunogenicity was studied in ...150-kDa neurotoxin ...
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Botulinum neurotoxin A treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in multiple sclerosis
... linked. Botulinum neurotoxin-A injection represents a significant advance in the management of voiding dysfunction among MS patients fail- ing first-line ...
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Comparison of botulinum neurotoxin type A formulations in Asia
... For incubation, PBS + 0.1% bovine serum albumin (solution 1) and PBS + 6% gelafusal (Serumwerke Bern- burg, Bernburg, Germany; solution 2) (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany, or Riedel-de-Haen, Seelze, Germany) were used. ...
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Isolation and Characterization of the Novel Botulinum Neurotoxin A Subtype 6
... that BoNT/A3 has a significantly shorter duration of action than ...of BoNT/A6 was examined both in cultured neurons and in mice as previously performed for other BoNT/A subtypes (17, ...of ...
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Botulinum neurotoxin formulations: overcoming the confusion
... It has been traditionally believed that shaking, bubbling, and storing the vial for a long period of time reduces the efficacy of BoNT. However, a few clinical studies have con- tradicted this. Trindade De Almeida ...
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Assessment: Botulinum neurotoxin for the treatment of movement disorders (an evidence-based review)Report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology
... with BoNT as compared to placebo, and this effect was main- tained for the duration of the ...of BoNT-treated patients vs 27% of placebo-treated patients (p ⬍ ...12 BoNT-treated subjects and in 1 of ...
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On Botulinum Neurotoxin Variability
... a BoNT goes through from its synthesis to animal death and attempt to make a quantitative ...the BoNT complexes that are comprised of BoNT plus the additional pro- teins expressed by the various ...
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Purification and Characterization of Botulinum Neurotoxin FA from a Genetically Modified Clostridium botulinum Strain
... C. botulinum strains on their virulence as well as evolutionary consequences is currently ...of BoNT gene ...of BoNT gene clusters. Dual BoNT toxin formation occurs in group I (proteolytic) ...
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A new treatment for focal dystonias: incobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin<sup>®</sup>), a botulinum neurotoxin type A free from complexing proteins
... of botulinum toxin treatment has been challenged by preclinical and clinical studies with ...effective BoNT/A for the treatment of CD and BSP, and may pose a lower risk for immunogenicity leading to ...
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The Receptor Binding Domain of Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype A (BoNT/A) Inhibits BoNT/A and BoNT/E Intoxications In Vivo
... of BoNT/A was available, the receptor binding domain was pre- dicted to begin at amino acid 861, based on sequence alignment and theoretical secondary structure analysis ...of BoNT/A was elucidated, and the ...
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Profile of Xeomin<sup>®</sup> (incobotulinumtoxinA) for the treatment of blepharospasm
... unique botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) drug free of complexing proteins otherwise contained in all conventional BoNT/A drugs, was recently approved by US Food and Drug Administration for ...
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Genetic Characterization of Clostridium botulinum Associated with Type B Infant Botulism in Japan
... Clostridium botulinum type B strains, including 3 isolates associated with infant botulism in Japan, were genetically characterized by phylogenetic analysis of boNT/B gene sequences, genotyping, and ...
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Stapling of the botulinum type A protease to growth factors and neuropeptides allows selective targeting of neuroendocrine cells
... cells. Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A), produced by a Clostridium bacterium carries a protease that selectively cleaves SNAP25 thereby blocking neuronal secretion for several months (Meunier et ...
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SIAXIPlacebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind study of incobotulinumtoxinA for sialorrhea
... However, botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) had been effectively used to reduce saliva production in patients with sialorrhea since 1999, 11,12 and numerous studies had demonstrated the safety and ...
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IncobotulinumtoxinA in aesthetics: Russian multidisciplinary expert consensus recommendations
... of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) in facial aesthetics, there are no global or Russian guidelines on the optimal dose of incobotulinumtoxinA, free from complexing proteins, within specific ...
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Clostridium botulinum Group I Strain Genotyping by 15 Locus Multilocus Variable Number Tandem Repeat Analysis
... Clostridium botulinum is a taxonomic designation that encompasses a broad variety of spore-forming, Gram-positive bacteria producing the botulinum neurotoxin ...C. botulinum is the etiologic ...
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Pallidal neurostimulation versus botulinum toxin injections in the treatment of cervical dystonia: protocol of a randomized, sham-controlled trial (StimTox-CD)
... Inventory; BoNT: botulinum neurotoxin; BPRS: Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; CD: cervical dystonia; CDQ-24: Craniocervical Dystonia Questionnaire; DBS: deep brain stimulation; EQ-5D: Euroquol (life ...
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