botulinum type B neurotoxin
Development of novel assays for botulinum type A and B neurotoxins based on their endopeptidase activities
... Clostridium botulinum pro- duce a family of seven structurally similar but antigenically different protein neurotoxins (types A to G) which cause the frequently fatal disease botulism (11, ...The botulinum ...
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First Case of Type E Wound Botulism Diagnosed Using Real Time PCR
... Wound botulism has been, except in times of war, a very rare form of botulism, occurring mainly in patients with traumatic and surgical wounds that were contaminated with dirt contain- ing Clostridium botulinum ...
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Genomic Epidemiology of Clostridium botulinum Isolates from Temporally Related Cases of Infant Botulism in New South Wales, Australia
... Clostridium botulinum isolates, three of which produced botulism neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A) and one BoNT serotype B (BoNT/B), were characterized using whole-genome sequencing ...sequence ...
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Profile of Xeomin<sup>®</sup> (incobotulinumtoxinA) for the treatment of blepharospasm
... proteins). Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) hydrolyses SNAP-25 (synaptosomal-associated protein 25) which is located on the presynaptic cell membrane whereas type B (BoNT/B) acts on ...
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Modulation of inflammatory mediators in the trigeminal ganglion by botulinum neurotoxin type A: an organ culture study
... Synaptic vesicles (SVs), present in all types of neu- rons [26, 27], are secretory organelles of presynaptic nerve terminals that accumulate high quantities of neurotransmitters and secrete them by fusion with the ...
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Botulinum neurotoxin type A for the treatment of pain: not just in migraine and trigeminal neuralgia
... Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), a potent natural toxin produced by the anaerobic bacterium Clostri- dium botulinum , blocks the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction by inhibiting the ...
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Purification and Characterization of Botulinum Neurotoxin FA from a Genetically Modified Clostridium botulinum Strain
... of type B in the crude culture, which can complicate the efficacy and interpretation of ...C. botulinum likely do not occur by the same mechanism in heterologous ...C. botulinum expression host ...
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Botulinum neurotoxin formulations: overcoming the confusion
... HS. Botulinum toxins: mechanisms of action, anti- nociception and clinical ...of botulinum neurotoxin B, C1, E, and F compared with the long lasting type ...
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An Ultrasensitive Gold Nanoparticle based Lateral Flow Test for the Detection of Active Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A
... linum type A strain 62A and C. botulinum type B strain 621 were obtained from the bacterial culture collection of Beijing Institute of Microbiology and ...and B- negative sera were ...
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Recombination and insertion events involving the botulinum neurotoxin complex genes in Clostridium botulinum types A, B, E and F and Clostridium butyricumtype E strains
... in type G, has resulted in designations of BoNT subtypes within a serotype (for example subtypes A1-A5 within ...bont/bv b or bont/b1 genes are largely homologous, each shows regions of inversions and dele- ...
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A new treatment for focal dystonias: incobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin<sup>®</sup>), a botulinum neurotoxin type A free from complexing proteins
... Abstract: Dystonia is a movement disorder of uncertain pathogenesis that is characterized by involuntary and inappropriate muscle contractions which cause sustained abnormal postures and movements of multiple or single ...
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Detection of type A, B, and E botulism neurotoxin genes in Clostridium botulinum and other Clostridium species by PCR: evidence of unexpressed type B toxin genes in type A toxigenic organisms
... Detection of Type A, B, and E Botulism Neurotoxin Genes in Clostridium botulinum and Other Clostridium Species by PCR: Evidence of Unexpressed Type B Toxin Genes in Type A Toxigenic Orga[r] ...
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Botulinum Neurotoxin Producing Bacteria Isn’t It Time that We Called a Species a Species?
... a botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT)-producing organism, which he named Bacillus ...and B (9). The type A toxins appeared to be similar to that of the Landmann toxin, while the type B ...
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On Botulinum Neurotoxin Variability
... OF BOTULINUM NEUROTOXINS The first BoNT (serotype A) was discovered in 1896 and subse- quently, one after the other, a total of seven serotypically distinct types were identified by ...A, B, and E are those ...
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Clostridium botulinum Group I Strain Genotyping by 15 Locus Multilocus Variable Number Tandem Repeat Analysis
... Clostridium botulinum is a taxonomic designation that encompasses a broad variety of spore-forming, Gram-positive bacteria producing the botulinum neurotoxin ...C. botulinum is the etiologic ...
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Stapling of the botulinum type A protease to growth factors and neuropeptides allows selective targeting of neuroendocrine cells
... cells. Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A), produced by a Clostridium bacterium carries a protease that selectively cleaves SNAP25 thereby blocking neuronal secretion for several months (Meunier et ...
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Botulinum neurotoxin type C protease induces apoptosis in differentiated human neuroblastoma cells
... The mechanism by which differentiation sensitises neuroblastomas to BoNT/C protease most likely involves the double loss of ubiquitous SNAP23 and neuron-specific SNAP25 activity. These two SNAREs are known to be ...
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The mechanism of botulinum A on Raynaud syndrome
... Notes: (A)The vesicle cycle of sympathetic neuron after injection of BonT/a with different doses in 30-min. FM1-43 together with sB and 0 U/ml, 5 U/ml, 10 U/ml, 25 U/ml BoNT/A were added in different groups. Leica TCS ...
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Original Article Effect of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNTA) on the morphology and viability of 3T3 murine fibroblasts
... [6] Arnon SS, Schechter R, Inglesby TV, Henderson DA, Bartlett JG, Ascher MS, Eitzen E, Fine AD, Hauer J, Layton M, Lillibridge S, Osterholm MT, O’Toole T, Parker G, Perl TM, Russell PK, Swerdlow DL, Tonat K. ...
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Pallidal neurostimulation versus botulinum toxin injections in the treatment of cervical dystonia: protocol of a randomized, sham-controlled trial (StimTox-CD)
... Sample size calculation is based on primary outcome parameter TWSTRS total score change from baseline to FU4. The primary statistical analysis consists in a mean value comparison of the primary outcome between both ...
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