CFC 11
Use and application of CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113 and SF6 as environmental tracers of groundwater residence time : a review
... (CFC-11, CFC-12 and CFC-113) and sulphur hexa fl uoride (SF 6 ) are ideal in this regard because they have been released globally at known rates and become dissolved in groundwater following ...
10
MIPAS IMK/IAA CFC-11 (CCl 3F) and CFC-12 (CCl2F measurements: accuracy, precision and long-term stability
... an underestimation of the error by one or both of the instru- ments. Natural variability cannot be excluded as a source of the deviation either. The MIPAS profile is smoother, presum- ably due to several measurements ...
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Effects of mesoscale eddies on global ocean distributions of CFC-11, CO 2, and14C
... Although the eddying model does not resolve the en- tire spectrum of mesoscale eddies, it does exhibit substan- tial eddy activity in the Southern Ocean along some of the most energetic currents in the world (Fig. 1); ...
22
CFC-11, CFC-12 and HCFC-22 ground-based remote sensing FTIR measurements at Réunion Island and comparisons with MIPAS/ENVISAT data
... CFC-11, CFC-12 and HCFC-22 have weak absorptions in the infrared spectral range, requiring careful selection of the retrieval spectral windows in order to minimize the interfer- ing absorptions from ...
16
New and improved infrared absorption cross sections for trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11)
... Ultimately, however, CFCs proved too good to be true. The explosion in their use led to a steady increase in their atmospheric abundances. While they are inert in the tropo- sphere, it was this stability which enabled ...
10
The SPARC Data Initiative: comparisons of CFC-11, CFC-12, HF and SF 6climatologies from international satellite limb sounders
... substances. CFC-11 and CFC-12 are anthropogenic compounds with virtually no natural back- ground and were emitted by human activity through their wide use as refrigerants, for foam blowing and as ...
18
Impact of temperature field inhomogeneities on the retrieval of atmospheric species from MIPAS IR limb emission spectra
... in CFC-11 there was a clear influence of whether day or night data of IMK/IAA were chosen (see ...terparts. CFC-12 also showed a day/night difference, albeit with a magnitude of 5–10% somewhat less ...
21
Non-CFC refrigerants ; first and second law efficiencies
... The danger posed by CFCs had many countries, among them the United States, Sweden, Finland, Norway, and Canada, banning the use of CFC-11 in spray cans in the late 1970s. Then in September 1987, 24 ...
21
Biodegradation of high concentrations of halomethanes by a fermentative enrichment culture
... Over the past two decades, substantial progress has been made in use of bioremediation for treating halogenated solvents in groundwater. Nevertheless, in situ bioremedi- ation strategies for groundwater with high ...
10
Atlantic CFC data in CARINA
... lower CFC concentration than the more re- cent cruises to which they are ...for CFC-11 and CFC-12, which indicates that the increasing CFC trend with time in the northern Atlantic is ...
15
Nordic Seas and Arctic Ocean CFC data in CARINA
... the CFC data were subject to secondary quality control ...Seas CFC data we used depth profiles of the CFCs, relationships between CFC-11 and the other CFCs and the surface satu- rations of the ...
19
Stratospheric Injection of Brominated Very Short Lived Substances:Aircraft Observations in the Western Pacific and Representation in Global Models
... The three observed bromine relations total, organic decay, and inorganic rise are shown.. in grey as functions of CFC-11 in Figure 9.[r] ...
61
Results from the International Halocarbons in Air Comparison Experiment (IHALACE)
... (a) CFC-11, (b) CFC-12, (c) CFC-113, (d) CFC-114, (mole fraction, ppt = pmol mol −1 , parts per trillion) color-coded by calibration scale with scale identifiers shown along the top ...
22
GLODAPv2.2019 – an update of GLODAPv2
... The data of 12 core variables: salinity, oxygen, nitrate, silicate, phosphate, TCO 2 , TAlk, pH, CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, and CCl 4 were subjected to primary quality control to identify [r] ...
25
Design and Simulation of a CFC-Free Open Air-Conditioning System
... A performance simulation program for a CFC-free air-conditioning system has been devel- oped. Such air-conditioning systems are popular be- cause of their low environmental impact. A computer program was written ...
13
Effects of Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) on ozone and its role in deplication of ozone layer
... In October 2008, the Ecuadorian Space Agency published a report called HIPERION. The study used ground instruments in Ecuador and the last 28 years' data from 12 satellites of several countries, and found that the UV ...
6
Non CFC refrigerants : first and second law efficienies
... Stegou, 1996 in his study of the thermodynamic properties formulations and heat transfer aspects for replacement refrigerant - R-123 and R-134a - stressed about analytical relations for [r] ...
24
New and improved infrared absorption cross sections for dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12)
... Although CFC production has now ceased, CFCs are still emitted into the atmosphere from existing “banks” ...including CFC-12, the focus of the present ...
11
Xantivin suppresses the activity of EGF CFC genes to regulate nodal signaling
... ABSTRACT Lefty, antivin and related genes act in a feedback inhibition mechanism for nodal signaling at a number of stages of vertebrate embryogenesis. To analyze the function of the feedback inhibitor of nodal ...
9
Nano carbon and tungsten carbide in hydrodehalogenation of chloro-floro carbon (CFC)
... ideal CFC substitute is one whose properties are close to that of existing CFC, with added specification that it does not destroy the ozone layer and therefore has a low global warming potential, low ...
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