Checklist for the test under Article 3(2) TFEU
Usability Test Checklist
... Usability Test Checklist - CPUX-UT Copyright 2015, UXQB e.V. Page 3 of 19 Introduction This document contains the evaluation criteria for the practical test leading to the CPUX-UT ...usability ...
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Marek Rzotkiewicz, Article 108(2) TFEU as a Tool for the Commission to Bypass Article 258 TFEU Proceedings
... The lack of clarification by the EC with respect to the existence of such evidence, or to explain the need to make a departure from its decision-making practice, raises doubts about the real goals the EC promotes in its ...
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Pretrial detention: Assessing European Union Competence under Article 82(2) TFEU
... What path the EU will eventually take to reduce pretrial detention, particularly the discrimi- natory treatment of foreigners, is unclear. The European Parliament has continued to issue com- munications and ...
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Characterizing hard core cartels under Article 101 TFEU
... that, under Article 101, the outer boundaries of the cartel concept are by no means ...law under Article 101(1), the only constraint when recognizing new categories of cartel conduct is that ...
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Aid to make good the damage caused by natural disasters (Article 107(2)(b) TFEU) Checklist for Member States
... this checklist concerns the notification of aid schemes after the occurrence of a particular natural ...this checklist concerns the notification of "ex ante" schemes for certain types of natural ...
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The distinction between restrictions by object and by effect under Article 101 TFEU
... • Facts (2) • Since 2002, the car dealers which also operate as repair shops have entrusted GÉMOSZ with negotiating annually on their behalf with insurance undertakings a framework agreement relating to the hourly ...
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THE ELEMENT OF HEALTHCARE QUALITY UNDER AN ARTICLE 101 TFEU ANALYSIS: HOW DO
... the TFEU may analogize to an exercise of distributive justice to the extent it involves an economic taking from one social group to ...applies article 101 (3) TFEU. In particular according to ...
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Article 101 TFEU and market integration
... This default approach has been followed in numerous cases. These include landmark rulings on vertical restraints such as Societe Technique Miniere, Metro I, 28 Delimitis 29 and Pronuptia. 30 In all of these cases, the ...
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Appreciability and de minimis in Article 102 TFEU
... 3. Appreciability and likelihood According to well-established case law, intervention under Articles 101 and 102 TFEU can take place before anticompetitive effects are materialised. From a temporal ...
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Seeking injunctions in SEPs infringement proceedings as an abuse of dominant position under Article 102 TFEU
... 47 SEP on FRAND terms distinguishes the present case from ITT Promedia and Protégé International, thus justifying the departure from that case law. 397 In the event the Commission accepted the ITT Promedia exceptional ...
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The Standing of Environmental Objectives in the Assessment of Fiscal State Aid Under Article 107(1) TFEU
... advantages resulting from a general measure applicable to all economic operators without distinction clearly fall outside the scope of State aid control. 308 It has been argued that the ‘discrimination test’ is ...
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Agreements that restrict competition by object under Article 101(1) TFEU: past, present and future
... This is a complex issue and therefore the merits of these arguments will be pursued in subsequent chapters. 246 In T-Mobile, the CJEU found that for a concerted practice to have the object of restricting competition, it ...
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Recovery of illegal state aid:The role of national courts as guardians of Article 108(3) TFEU
... again under the word’s spotlight after the Commission’s largest-ever adverse state aid decision against ...individuals under Article 108(3) TFEU? How much use can national courts be in ...
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Intel Leveraging Rebates and the Goals of Article 102 TFEU
... OF ARTICLE 102 TFEU Nicolas PETIT ∗ Abstract: This paper reviews the 2014 Intel judgment of the General Court of the EU in relation to exclusivity rebates given by dominant ...analysed under the rule ...
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Struggling With Article 101(3) Tfeu: Diverging Approaches Of The Commission, Eu Courts, And Five Competition Authorities
... In 2009, the French NCA had seemed to revise its approach. Merely two months after issuing Cinema code, the NCA was hesitant to determine that cultural interests could justify a single price system for digital books. In ...
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Modernisation of Article 102 TFEU: Use of Economic Analysis for Conditional Rebates
... When assessing the potential anti-competitive effects of a rebate system the EU Commission applies e.g. the as-efficient-competitor-test: the Commission investigates whether the discounted price is below a certain ...
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Volume 2 Number 3 Article 2
... qualitative tradition and were "bought" (conceptually) by this writer for a "test drive" research project. One of the strengths of grounded theory is that it "Forces us to ask, for example: What is power in this ...
Applying Normative Theories in EU Competition Law: Exploring Article 102 TFEU
... the test subjects it to false positives. Nevertheless, under the CHT a dominant firm may attempt to objectively justify its conduct by suggesting that it generates efficiencies which outweigh the harm to ...
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Rebates and Article 102 TFEU: The European Commission's Duty to Apply the Guidance Paper
... AEC test if there is proof that “a less efficient competitor may also exert a constraint which should be taken into account when considering whether particular price-based conduct leads to anti- competitive ...AEC ...
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Intel and article 102 TFEU case law: making sense of a perpetual controversy
... (n 3), para 66; and Case C-95/04 P, British Airways (n 4), paras 77 and ...(n 2), para 81: ‘The discount system in question was based on an annual reference ...system under which discounts are ...
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