Genogroup II
Identification of Genogroup I and Genogroup II Broadly Reactive Epitopes on the Norovirus Capsid
... Additional residues within the minimal binding region were tested to confirm the structural requirement for MAb NV3901 and NV3912 binding. The histidine at position 460 is in close proximity to, and thus also has the ...
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Covariation of Major and Minor Viral Capsid Proteins in Norovirus Genogroup II Genotype 4 Strains
... FIG 1 Hypervariable regions in protruding domain 2 (P2 domain) of VP1 and the VP1 interaction domain (VP1-ID) of VP2 in the global evolution of pandemic/epidemic norovirus genogroup II genotype 4 (NoV ...
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Multiprefectural Spread of Gastroenteritis Outbreaks Attributable to a Single Genogroup II Norovirus Strain from a Tourist Restaurant in Nagasaki, Japan
... A series of gastroenteritis outbreaks caused by noroviruses (NVs) among tourist groups from several prefectures was associated with eating a lunch prepared by a restaurant in Nagasaki City, Japan, on 18 and 19 November ...
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Atypical Norovirus Epidemic in Hong Kong during Summer of 2006 Caused by a New Genogroup II/4 Variant
... capsid regions showed that this new variant was distinct from the variants causing epidemics in previous years. Sequence analysis of specimens retrieved from March and June showed that a polymorphic site was present at ...
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Structural Basis for Broad Detection of Genogroup II Noroviruses by a Monoclonal Antibody That Binds to a Site Occluded in the Viral Particle
... Human noroviruses are genetically and antigenically highly divergent. Monoclonal antibodies raised in mice against one kind of norovirus virus-like particle (VLP), however, were found to have broad recognition. In this ...
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Presence of a Surface-Exposed Loop Facilitates Trypsinization of Particles of Sinsiro Virus, a Genogroup II.3 Norovirus
... Noroviruses (NoVs) are the causative agents of nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis in humans. NoVs that belong to genogroup II (GII) are quite prevalent and prone to undergo recombination, and their three- ...
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Molecular Epidemiology of Genogroup II Genotype 4 Noroviruses in the United States between 1994 and 2006
... Human noroviruses (NoVs) of genogroup II, genotype 4 (GII.4) are the most common strains detected in outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. To gain insight into the epidemiology and genetic variation ...
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Cytokine and Antibody Responses in Gnotobiotic Pigs after Infection with Human Norovirus Genogroup II.4 (HS66 Strain)
... Noroviruses (NoVs) are the leading cause of food-borne illnesses in the United States (21). The NoVs are classified into five genogroups (I to V) and at least 27 genotypes. However, only strains from genogroup I ...
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Molecular epidemiology of genogroup II norovirus infections in acute gastroenteritis patients during 2014–2016 in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China
... This study aimed to study the molecu- lar epidemiology of GII NoV presenting in AGE patients in Pudong New Area of Shanghai through a laboratory- based syndromic surveillance system and[r] ...
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Pathogenesis and Immune Responses in Gnotobiotic Calves after Infection with the Genogroup II.4-HS66 Strain of Human Norovirus
... Caliciviruses infect a variety of animal hosts, causing a wide range of diseases from gastroenteritis to fatal hemorrhagic disease (52). Human noroviruses (HuNoV), members of the Caliciviridae family, are the leading ...
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Pathogenesis of a Genogroup II Human Norovirus in Gnotobiotic Pigs
... (ii) Indirect immunofluorescence on whole intestinal tissue mounts. The in- testinal tissues were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde–0.2% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer (PPB), pH 7.4, for 2 h at ...
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Genetic diversity and epidemiology of Genogroup II noroviruses in children with acute sporadic gastroenteritis in Shanghai, China, 2012–2017
... Noroviruses (NoVs) have a non-segmented positive- strand RNA genome of approximately 7.6 kb that contains three ORFs [6]. ORF1 encodes a polyprotein that is cleaved by the virus-encoded protease into six nonstructural ...
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Transmission Events within Outbreaks of Gastroenteritis Determined through Analysis of Nucleotide Sequences of the P2 Domain of Genogroup II Noroviruses
... constitutes the 5 ⬘ end (amino acids [aa] 1 to 225) and the P (protruding) domain (aa 226 to 530) (28). The S domain con- tains the more highly conserved regions of the capsid and lends itself to the design of consensus ...
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Novel Light Upon Extension Real Time PCR Assays for Detection and Quantification of Genogroup I and II Noroviruses in Clinical Specimens
... primer (10 pmol l ⫺1 ) (Table 1), 0.125 l of Taq polymerase (5 U l ⫺1 ) (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA), and 15.875 l of RNase-free water was used, and the reaction was carried out on a PCT-100 programmable thermal ...
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Prevalence of Porcine Noroviruses, Molecular Characterization of Emerging Porcine Sapoviruses from Finisher Swine in the United States, and Unified Classification Scheme for Sapoviruses
... Noroviruses (NoVs) and sapoviruses (SaVs) are important human pathogens. Although the involvement of porcine NoVs in dis- ease in pigs is unclear, they are genetically and antigenically closely related to human NoVs. ...
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Evaluation and Validation of Real Time Reverse Transcription PCR Assay Using the LightCycler System for Detection and Quantitation of Norovirus
... Noroviruses are one of the most common etiological agents of outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis and have a significant public health impact worldwide (5). They have also been re- ported as a relatively common cause of ...
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Food Borne Outbreak of Gastroenteritis Associated with Genogroup I Calicivirus
... We describe a major outbreak of gastroenteritis associated with calicivirus genogroup I, at a hotel located at a university hospital in southern Sweden and involving 158 of 219 (72%) guests and employees. The ...
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Molecular Epidemiology of Outbreaks of Gastroenteritis Associated with Small Round Structured Viruses in East Anglia, United Kingdom, During the 1996–1997 Season
... to genogroup II, and within this genogroup, 49 of 50 (98%) specimens were shown to be Grimsby-like viruses, with only one Mexico-like ...to genogroup I, and this had the greatest sequence ...
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C-Terminal Arginine Cluster Is Essential for Receptor Binding of Norovirus Capsid Protein
... both genogroup I (Norwalk virus) and genogroup II (VA387) noroviruses with trypsin resulted in a removal of the R cluster and the S domain, leaving a P polypeptide of ...
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Gene Mapping and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Complete Genome from 30 Single-Stranded RNA Male-Specific Coliphages (Family Leviviridae)
... were 328 to 329 and 329 to 332 amino acids in length for genogroups III and IV, respectively. The replicase was 576 to 592 amino acids in length and contained the YGDD sequence. Pfam for Allolevivirus. Similar to the ...
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