Highly pathogenic
Genetic Predisposition To Acquire a Polybasic Cleavage Site for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin
... ABSTRACT Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses with H5 and H7 hemaggluti- nin (HA) subtypes evolve from low-pathogenic precursors through the acquisition of multiple basic amino acid residues at ...
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Insertion of a Multibasic Cleavage Motif into the Hemagglutinin of a Low-Pathogenic Avian Influenza H6N1 Virus Induces a Highly Pathogenic Phenotype
... their pathogenic phenotype in chickens. Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus, an acute generalized disease of poultry in which mortality may be as high as 100%, is re- stricted to subtypes ...
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Smartphone-Based Fluorescent Diagnostic System for Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Viruses
... Field diagnostic tools for avian influenza (AI) are indispensable for the prevention and controlled management of highly pathogenic AI-related diseases. More accurate, faster and networked on-site ...
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The Pattern of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Outbreaks in South Asia
... Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 has caused a large number of outbreaks in poultry in Asia, Europe, and Africa [1]. Chickens are susceptible to HPAI (H5N1), with high morbidity and a case ...
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Are Ducks Contributing to the Endemicity of Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Influenza Virus in Asia?
... with highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses of the H5 and H7 subtypes (either naturally or experimentally inoc- ulated) developed very mild or no disease signs (1, 6, 11, 16, 19, ...fact, highly ...
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Characterization of Low-Pathogenic H5 Subtype Influenza Viruses from Eurasia: Implications for the Origin of Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Viruses
... In the NP gene tree, all recent LPAI H5 viruses from sentry ducks and retail markets in southern China clustered together with viruses isolated directly from migratory ducks at Mai Po Marshes in Hong Kong or Poyang Lake ...
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Community preparedness for highly pathogenic avian influenza on Bali and Lombok, Indonesia
... Introduction: The Asia–Pacific region is the likeliest location for the next significant outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). Indonesia has experienced HPAI H5N1 outbreaks in poultry and ...
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Newly Emergent Highly Pathogenic H5N9 Subtype Avian Influenza A Virus
... Molecular characterization. Molecular analysis indicated that the PQRERRRKR/GL motif of multiple basic amino acids present at the cleavage site of HA protein of the newly isolated H5N9 viruses (Table 2) is identical to ...
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ORF1a of highly pathogenic PRRS attenuated vaccine virus plays a key role in neutralizing antibody induction in piglets and virus neutralization in vitro
... PRRSV is divided into two major genotypes as follows: genotype 1 (European type, EU-type) and genotype 2 (North American type, NA-type) [19]. The representa- tive strains of the two genotypes are Lelystad virus (LV) and ...
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The Stability of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Epidemic Model with Saturated Contact Rate
... + , where r is the cure rate and α is the parameters of infection which is due to delayed treatment. The conclusion had indicated that in the prevention and treatment of Avian flu drugs under the condi- tion of limited, ...
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White-Tailed Sea Eagle (Haliaeetus Albicilla) Die-Off due to Infection with Highly Pathogenic Influenza Virus, Subtype H5N8, in Germany
... Globig, A., Staubach, C., Sauter-Louis, C., Dietze, K., Homeier-Bachmann, T., Probst, C., Gethmann, J., Depner, K.R., Grund, C., Harder, T.C., Starick, E., Pohlmann, A., Höper, D., Beer, M., Mettenleiter, T.C. & ...
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Pathogenicity and Transmission of H5 and H7 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses in Mallards
... subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of the A/goose/Guangdong/1/96 (Gs/GD) lineage during 2005, 2010, and 2014, but dispersion by wild waterfowl has not been implicated with spread of ...
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Inhibition of highly pathogenic PRRSV replication in MARC 145 cells by artificial microRNAs
... African green monkey kidney cell line MARC-145 were applied to grow PRRSV and to determine virus titers. Human embryo kidney cells (293FT) were applied to pro- duce lentivirus. MARC-145 cells and 293FT cells were both ...
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Neuropathogenesis of a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H7N1) in experimentally infected chickens
... a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) into the central nervous system (CNS) of chickens, specific pathogen free chickens were inoculated with a H7N1 ...
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Transmission tree of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) epidemic in Israel, 2015
... The modelling approach used in this study combines epidemiologic and genetic data to infer possible transmis- sion trees. It has already been used to model the spread of several animal pathogens, including highly ...
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Structure and Receptor Complexes of the Hemagglutinin from a Highly Pathogenic H7N7 Influenza Virus
... form. Highly pathogenic viruses, of which NL219 is an example, possess a polybasic cleavage site that can be cleaved by furin-like and many other serine ...
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Unexpected Interfarm Transmission Dynamics during a Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Epidemic
... 2013 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H7N7 epidemic in Italy to unravel (i) the epidemic virus population diversity, (ii) the evolution of virus pathogenicity, and (iii) the pathways of viral ...
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Highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus (H5N1) can be transmitted in ferrets by transfusion
... a highly fatal disease outcome (fatality rate of ~60%) ...be highly pathogenic and the severity of dis- ease was associated with broad tissue tropism and high virus titers in multiple organs, ...
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Susceptibility to and transmission of H5N1 and H7N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in bank voles (Myodes glareolus)
... The study of influenza type A (IA) infections in wild mammals populations is a critical gap in our knowledge of how IA viruses evolve in novel hosts that could be in close contact with avian reservoir species and other ...
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Two Residues in NSP9 Contribute to the Enhanced Replication and Pathogenicity of Highly Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus
... industry. Highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV) first emerged in China in 2006 and has subsequently spread across Asia, causing considerable damage to local ...
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