immune escape
Antigenic Variation in Streptococcus pneumoniae PspC Promotes Immune Escape in the Presence of Variant Specific Immunity
... host immune responses, there is little mechanistic evidence for the hypothesis that diversification of surface protein antigens produces an immune escape benefit during infection with ...promotes ...
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Vaccine-Induced T Cells Control Reversion of AIDS Virus Immune Escape Mutants
... T-cell escape muta- tions are the rule rather than the exception in HIV-1-infected subjects ...with immune escape variants in comparison to broader recognition of subdominant epitopes ...when ...
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Small molecule immunomodulation: the tumor microenvironment and overcoming immune escape
... Within the TME, there is a complex interplay between mediators of anti-tumor immunity and immunosuppres- sion, ever changing the balance between tumor growth and tumor eradication. There are ongoing preclinical and ...
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Conditional Immune Escape during Chronic Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
... that immune escape during acute SIV infection is conditional; the accumulation of mutations in T cell epitopes is limited, and the rate of accumula- tion depends on the number of epitopes being ...
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Molecular pathology of mismatch repair deficient tumours with emphasis on immune escape mechanisms
... However, these studies have primarily been based on immunohistochemical analyses (IHC) and therefore have a number of intrinsic limita- tions [11]. HLA staining by IHC is often strongly cytoplasmic, which could ...
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Potential immune escape mechanisms underlying the distinct clinical outcome of immune checkpoint blockades in small cell lung cancer
... the immune system seems to be more complicated than previously ...host immune system in a variety of ways. The functions of the immune system, including lymphocyte reactivity to lectins and cytokines ...
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Immune escape mutations and stop codons in HBsAg develop in a large proportion of patients with chronic HBV infection exposed to anti HBV drugs in Europe
... 30 immune-escape mutations in HBsAg (hereafter defined as immune-associated escape mutations), have been identified [3 – 5] to evade neutralizing-antibodies, to allow persistent HBV-infection ...
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The development of bispecific antibodies and their applications in tumor immune escape
... During the past two decades, a great evolution of bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) for therapeutic applications has been made. BsAbs can bind simultaneously two different antigens or epitopes, which leads to a wide range of ...
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Recent Mumps Outbreaks in Vaccinated Populations: No Evidence of Immune Escape
... Recently, numerous large-scale mumps outbreaks have occurred in vaccinated populations. Clinical isolates sequenced from these outbreaks have invariably been of genotypes distinct from those of vaccine viruses, raising ...
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Clinical relevance of the tumor microenvironment and immune escape of oral squamous cell carcinoma
... Characteristics of the immune escape in OSCC It has been proposed that OSCC could escape the anti- tumor response by several distinct mechanisms. So far alterations in the HLA class I molecules due ...
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Diverse Peptide Presentation of Rhesus Macaque Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Mamu-A*02 Revealed by Two Peptide Complex Structures and Insights into Immune Escape of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus
... Studies of CTL responses of structurally defined epitopes demonstrate that a rigid peptide conformation leads to a spe- cific T-cell repertoire with limited diversity. In contrast, a di- verse TCR repertoire is evoked by ...
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Variable HIV peptide stability in human cytosol is critical to epitope presentation and immune escape
... Induction of virus-specific CD8 + T cell responses is critical for the success of vaccines against chronic viral infections. Despite the large number of potential MHC-I–restricted epitopes located in viral proteins, ...
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Uncommon Pathways of Immune Escape Attenuate HIV-1 Integrase Replication Capacity
... viduals, our results indicate that the immune-driven attenuation of HIV-1 integrase function is not a general phenomenon during natural infection. In contrast to previous studies of recombinant viruses expressing ...
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CD4+ Target Cell Availability Determines the Dynamics of Immune Escape and Reversion In Vivo
... of immune responses, followed by viral mutation and “immune ...However, escape mutation usually leads to lower replicative fitness, and in the absence of immune pressure, an escape ...
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Impact of immune escape mutations on HIV 1 fitness in the context of the cognate transmitted/founder genome
... cell escape mutations through analysis of longitudinal follow-up sequences ...of immune escape mutations on the fitness of cognate viral ...CTL escape mutations (R355K in Env and T242N in Gag) ...
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Gemcitabine inhibits immune escape of pancreatic cancer by down regulating the soluble ULBP2 protein
... As a ligand of nature immune activating receptor NKG2D, ULBP2-NKG2D interaction may promote tumors immune evasion. We cultured NK92 cell lines and evaluated the cytotoxicity of NK92 cells to PANC- 1 or MIA ...
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Insights into the nature and immune escape of a transmissible cancer in Tasmanian devils
... Figure 4.3 Testing the suitability of anti-devil MHC-I antibodies for protein expression analyses in devil tissues using western blotting. A, Total protein (40 µg) extracted from devil spleen (S), kidney (K) and ...
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Widespread Impact of HLA Restriction on Immune Control and Escape Pathways of HIV-1
... their immune system on an inef- fective response ...differential escape has no direct in vivo consequence, understanding the specifics may help in the design of a polyvalent vaccine, as the escape ...
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Tumor-intrinsic signaling pathways: key roles in the regulation of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment
... host immune response ...of immune escape for tumor-propagating cells ...promotes immune escape by driving the expression of PD-L1, which was confirmed in syngeneic and genetically ...
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The Fas Counterattack: A Molecular Mechanism of Tumor Immune Privilege
... The possibility that FasL might be ex- pressed by nonlymphoid tumors as a mediator of immune escape was initially raised by the finding that some colon cancer cell lines expressed FasL ([r] ...
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