Interleukin 21
Systems Modeling of the Role of Interleukin 21 in the Maintenance of Effector CD4+ T Cell Responses during Chronic Helicobacter pylori Infection
... ABSTRACT The development of gastritis during Helicobacter pylori infection is dependent on an activated adaptive immune re- sponse orchestrated by T helper (Th) cells. However, the relative contributions of the Th1 and ...
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Interleukin 21 signaling in B cells, but not in T cells, is indispensable for the development of collagen induced arthritis in mice
... Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by chronic inflammation of multiple joints, which is accompanied by the production of autoantibodies, such as rheuma- toid factor (RF) and anti-citrullinated protein antibody ...
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Evaluation of Interleukin-21, 23 and 27 mRNA Expression and Protein Level in Liver Transplant Patients
... Researchers believe that the precise role of IL-21 in immune system is not completely defined. 5 Besides, it should be mentioned that IL-21 is produced by Th17 cells, which their possible role has been ...
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Interleukin 21 inhibits cancer-mediated FOXP3 induction in naïve human CD4 T cells
... As TGFβ1 has been shown to induce FOXP3 expression in naïve T cells [21, 22], we next determined whether our cancer cell lines expressed TGFβ1 by flow cytometry. Even in the absence of stimulation, basal TGFβ1 ...
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Interleukin 21 treatment in a murine model as a novel potential cytokine immunotherapy for colon cancer
... promotes cytokine production in mice, the serum levels of cytokines IFN-γ and IL-4 from the mice treated with IL-21 were measured on different days (Fig. 2A). The data revealed that the IFN-γ levels were ...
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Interleukin 21 combined with ART reduces inflammation and viral reservoir in SIV infected macaques
... IL-21 treatment upregulates the expression of genes regulating antimicrobial immunity in ART-treated, SIV-infected RMs. We further explored the effect of IL-21 supplementation on ART- treated, SIV-infected ...
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Interleukin-21-Producing HIV-1-Specific CD8 T Cells Are Preferentially Seen in Elite Controllers
... IL-21-producing CD4 T cells are more multifunctional in elite controllers. Given the role of polyfunctional T cells in viral control, we speculated that IL-21 production in conjunc- tion with other ...
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Recombinant interleukin-21 plus sorafenib for metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a phase 1/2 study
... IL- 21 monotherapy was administered daily in an outpatient setting to forty-three patients with melanoma (n = 24) or mRCC (n = 19) on days 1–5 (week 1) and 15–19 (week 3) of a 7-week treatment ...of 21% ...
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Immune Activation Is Associated with CD8 T Cell Interleukin-21 Production in HIV-1-Infected Individuals
... Elevated frequencies of IL-21-competent CD8 T cells have been described in the context of autoimmunity (9, 11, 13). Un- controlled T cell responses feature prominently in both autoim- munity and HIV-1 infection, ...
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Impact of interleukin 21 in the pathogenesis of primary Sjogren's syndrome: increased serum levels of interleukin 21 and its expression in the labial salivary glands
... Additional lines of evidence also suggest that IL-21 may promote human autoimmune disease in general. Yuan et al . have reported that patients with SS have higher serum IL-21 levels than healthy control ...
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Interleukin-21 sustains inflammatory signals that contribute to sporadic colon tumorigenesis
... IL- 21 [33], prompted us to investigate whether IL-21 can activate STAT3 and NF-kB in human CRC ...IL- 21 antibody to cultures of TILs isolated from patients with sporadic CRC and maximally activated ...
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Observational study of Interleukin-21 (IL-21) does not distinguish Kawasaki disease from other causes of fever in children
... significantly on the control group. The controls (60 sub- jects) shows a wide range of IL-21 elevations so we be- lieve the conclusion that there is a non-specific IL-21 elevation is sound. Secondly, most ...
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Polymorphisms of interleukin-21 and interleukin-21-receptor genes confer risk for autoimmune thyroid diseases
... located on human chromosome 4q26-27 and 16p11, re- spectively. The IL-21, preferentially produced by CD4 + T cells, has various functions, such as driving B cells to dif- ferentiate into memory cells and ...
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Interleukin-21 Is a Critical Cytokine for the Generation of Virus-Specific Long-Lived Plasma Cells
... kines, including IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, and IL-15, can induce Ig secretion by B cells in the presence of an appropriate stimulus, such as CD40L (28–38). IL-2 and IL-10 have an impor- tant role in lowering ...
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Interleukin-21 promotes thymopoiesis recovery following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
... BMT is commonly used in the clinic as a curative ther- apy for a variety of life-threatening diseases of lympho- hematopoietic origin [1–7]. Prior to BMT, patients undergo myeloablative or non-myeloablative condition- ...
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Increasing levels of circulating Th17 cells and interleukin 17 in rheumatoid arthritis patients with an inadequate response to anti TNF α therapy
... Interleukin-21 is required to reinforce differentiation of Th17 cells, and it plays a critical role in Th17-dependent autoimmune diseases [46]. In contrast to IL-12, IL-23 does not promote the development ...
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Effect of 1,25-Dihydroxy Vitamin D3 on the Expression of Interleukin-17 and -21 in an Asthma Mice Model | WIMJ Open
... asthma. Interleukin-17, mainly produced by Th17 cells, can act on various inflammatory cells in the pathogenesis of asthma and cause the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, promoting neutrophil ...
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Anti inflammatory activity of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol in human articular cartilage in vitro: activation of an anti inflammatory cyclooxygenase 2 (COX 2) pathway
... Figure 3 MGDG (monogalactosyldiacylglycerol) represses p38 (p38 Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase), involved in IL-6 (Interleukin-6) and IL-8 (Interleukin-8) production. A) Inhibition of IL-6 and IL-8 ...
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Anti interleukin 13 and anti interleukin 4 agents versus placebo, anti interleukin 5 or anti immunoglobulin E agents, for children and adults with asthma
... of interleukin-13 (Chomorat 1998). In particular, interleukin-4 plays an important role in maintaining the TH phenotype, lead- ing to further secretion of interleukin-4 and -13 in a positive feed- ...
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Immunomodulatory factors gene polymorphisms in chronic periodontitis: an overview
... intracellular events, whereas IL-1β act as an extracellular protein. It has been reported that the levels of IL-1α, IL-1β and also IL-1/IL-receptor antagonist (RA, anti in- flammatory cytokine) have been increased in ...
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