Oil And Gas

Oil and Gas SMU Law Review Volume 33 Issue 1 Annual Survey of Texas Law Article 7 1979 Oil and Gas Richard W Hemingway Follow this and additional works at https //scholar smu edu/smulr This Article is[.]

Our early involvement in the concept phase results in the best possible technical solutions, thereby limiting project risks. Packages for entire functionalities reduce interface conflicts to help reduce a plant’s CAPEX and OPEX. Siemens stands for technological progress to provide answers to the challenges of the oil & gas industry: from increased exploitation of a mature reservoir to the expansion of exploration into even harsher environments, and from the utilization of unconventional resources to general improvements along the oil and gas value chain. Siemens is ensuring all HSE requirements. Moreover we support process safety management of our customers through safety consulting and software solutions.

We also deliver on discrete assignments, including economic analyses and program cost consulting for site development; modeling and design for pipeline routing; support for exploration and production, marine terminal and shale gas/oil sands projects; EH&S permitting, compliance and monitoring for operations; and technological solutions for upgraded wastewater management and treatment. We recently authored the International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation

Oil and Gas SMU Law Review Volume 32 Issue 1 Annual Survey of Texas Law Article 6 1978 Oil and Gas Richard W Hemingway Follow this and additional works at https //scholar smu edu/smulr This Article is[.]

New sources and rising demand for oil and gas during the last half of the 20th century meant shipping larger quantities for longer hauls. To make long-distance transportation more cost effective, producers also wanted to use the largest carriers the ports could manage. Ultimately, tanker manufacturers developed supertankers, or “very large crude carriers (VLCCs),” that measure up to four football fields in length. Innovations have made larger tankers more fuel efficient than smaller vessels. Though it requires more energy to power a larger ship, it takes less power to deliver each barrel of oil at the same speed. For example, 16,000 horsepower are needed to drive a 420,000-barrel ship, but 42,500 horsepower can propel a 1,820,000-barrel tanker. That’s more than four times the cargo moved with only 2.5 times the power requirement. Oil tankers are divided into six major categories based on how much they can carry. Cargo capacity is measured in dead weight tons (DWT) a unit that equals 2,240 pounds. Ultra-large crude carriers (ULCCs) and VLCCs are the largest vessels and can carry 200,000 DWT or more for long hauls. The mid-size Suezmax and Aframax tankers ship cargos of 120,000 to 200,000 DWT and travel both long and medium distances. The smallest vessels are Handysize and Panamax tankers, typically used for short hauls with cargos of 10,000 to 80,000 DWT.

Firstly, the water is most often discharged to the environment – to the sea from offshore oil and gas production platforms, to local river courses from onshore production systems or to estuarine or near coastal waters from oil terminals or oil refineries. With increasing pressure on protecting the environment the presence of potential pollutants in these waters has to be addressed. Secondly, the water does contain some hydrocarbons which could be recovered and returned to the main production system. Deoiling produced waters

The questionnaire consisted of five interrelated questions relating to Covid-19. Participants from various jurisdictions have provided interesting and valuable answers. Their input has, on the one hand, shown a trend in the oil and gas industry on a global scale, and on the other, highlighted specifics of each country. On behalf of the Oil and Gas Law Committee, we would like to take this opportunity to show the appreciation of the time participants have taken in assisting our analysis and express our gratitude for their valuable responses to the questionnaire.

Abstract — Unconventional shale gas is especially common right now and the development of unconventional gas has been a frequent topic of discussion lately. They are normally related to ultra-low permeabilities and have to be developed with extra processes like fracturing or multistage fracturing. Over the past decades, the oil and gas sector has developed high level technologies, including stimulation technologies, to explore oil and gas. Since the shale formation has very special characteristics, the fracturing processes are somehow different from traditional fracturing technologies in the oil and gas sector. The oil and gas expertise should be transferred to the shale gas production. In order to better understand the most important yet complex process in developing shale gas, this paper is going to provide an overview of the basic knowledge of oil and gas fracturing with explanations of the important characteristics of fracturing processes and then the focus will be on the explanation of horizontal wells fracturing for shale gas production. The following questions will be discussed throughout the paper:

Eclipse 100 was used to simulate concurrent development of oil and gas in an oil rim res- ervoir using data from the “Y” field in the Niger Delta Basin as a case study. Four different cases of development were modeled; base case (under natural pressure depletion or without injection), water-alternating-gas (WAG) injection, surfactant-water-alternating-gas (SWAG) injection, and surfactant injection. Injection well position for each of the injection case was at Gas-Oil-Contact (GOC) and Oil-Water-Contact (OWC). The oil recovery factor, gas recovery factor, water cut, and GOR, at each case, were noted. Statistical analyses were carried out on the result of the GOR and water cut, which are the response variables in order to delineate the enhancement effect of each of these parameters on oil and gas recovery factors, which are the explanatory variables. Multiple regression analysis was used to develop a linear re- gression model base on equations (1) and (2) using R-software and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was done using statistical R-software.

Oil and Gas SMU Law Review Volume 31 Issue 1 Annual Survey of Texas Law Article 6 1977 Oil and Gas John L Roach Follow this and additional works at https //scholar smu edu/smulr This Article is brough[.]

Oil and Gas SMU Law Review Volume 30 Issue 1 Annual Survey of Texas Law Article 6 1976 Oil and Gas Ernest E Smith Follow this and additional works at https //scholar smu edu/smulr This Article is brou[.]

Oil and Gas SMU Law Review Volume 29 Issue 1 Annual Survey of Texas Law Article 6 1975 Oil and Gas Ernest E Smith Follow this and additional works at https //scholar smu edu/smulr This Article is brou[.]

Oil and Gas SMU Law Review Volume 28 Issue 1 Annual Survey of Texas Law Article 5 1974 Oil and Gas Clovis G Chappell Follow this and additional works at https //scholar smu edu/smulr This Article is b[.]

Oil and Gas SMU Law Review Volume 27 Issue 1 Annual Survey of Texas Law Article 6 1973 Oil and Gas Bob F Young Follow this and additional works at https //scholar smu edu/smulr This Article is brought[.]

Oil and Gas SMU Law Review Volume 26 Issue 1 Annual Survey of Texas Law Article 7 1972 Oil and Gas Gene L McCoy Follow this and additional works at https //scholar smu edu/smulr This Article is brough[.]

Oil and Gas SMU Law Review Volume 25 Issue 1 Annual Survey of Texas Law Article 6 1971 Oil and Gas Gene L McCoy Follow this and additional works at https //scholar smu edu/smulr This Article is brough[.]

Oil and Gas SMU Law Review Volume 24 Issue 1 Annual Survey of Texas Law Article 7 1970 Oil and Gas Gene L McCoy Follow this and additional works at https //scholar smu edu/smulr This Article is brough[.]

Oil and Gas SMU Law Review Volume 23 Issue 1 Annual Survey of Texas Law Article 6 1969 Oil and Gas Gene L McCoy Follow this and additional works at https //scholar smu edu/smulr This Article is brough[.]

Oil and Gas SMU Law Review Volume 22 Issue 1 Annual Survey of Texas Law Article 10 1968 Oil and Gas William J Flittie Follow this and additional works at https //scholar smu edu/smulr This Article is[.]

Oil and Gas SMU Law Review Volume 21 Issue 1 Annual Survey of Texas Law Article 4 1967 Oil and Gas William J Flittie Follow this and additional works at https //scholar smu edu/smulr This Article is b[.]