Packaging signals
Influenza A and B Virus Intertypic Reassortment through Compatible Viral Packaging Signals
... erated by RT-PCR from RNA isolated from infected MDCK cells, using the EcoRI and NheI restriction enzymes (NEB). Minigenome (MG) plas- mids containing GFP or firefly luciferase (FFluc) flanked by the 3= and 5= NCRs of ...
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Investigating the Biological Relevance of In Vitro-Identified Putative Packaging Signals at the 5′ Terminus of Satellite Tobacco Necrosis Virus 1 Genomic RNA
... defined packaging signals (PSs) in their ge- nome ...selective packaging of STNV-1 in vivo in the presence and absence of competition or replication: viral sequences are encap- sidated mostly on the ...
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Packaging signals in single-stranded RNA viruses: nature’s alternative to a purely electrostatic assembly mechanism.
... genome packaging in a co-assembly ...RNA packaging specificity seen in vivo for two model viruses, we present an alternative theory, which recognizes the important cooperative roles played by RNA–coat ...
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cis-Acting Packaging Signals in the Influenza Virus PB1, PB2, and PA Genomic RNA Segments
... key packaging signals reside within portions of the UTRs and coding regions whose sequences are unique to a given vRNA offers a potential means by which the packaging mechanism could specifically ...
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RNA Structure and Packaging Signals in the 5′ Leader Region of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Genome
... HIV-1 packaging signal, which efficiently targets genomic RNA into nascent ...RNA packaging have not been extensively ...HIV-1 packaging specificity and infectivity in a single-round proviral ...
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Mutational Analyses of Packaging Signals in Influenza Virus PA, PB1, and PB2 Genomic RNA Segments
... putative packaging signals in the context of the authentic PA, PB1, or PB2 segment, focusing only on sites where synonymous mutations could be ...reduced packaging to 2% or less of the wild-type ...
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Heterologous Packaging Signals on Segment 4, but Not Segment 6 or Segment 8, Limit Influenza A Virus Reassortment
... NS packaging signals might also be of lesser importance during genome packaging ...that packaging of the IAV genome is a selective process (19, 50, ...high-fidelity packaging is needed ...
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Packaging signals in alphaviruses.
... of packaging of the subgenomic RNA containing sequences from the RRV genome was also defined as the percentage of the specific RNA species that was ...the packaging of the helper subgenomic RNA (26S RNA) in ...
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Mutational analysis of cis-acting packaging signals in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA.
... To determine whether sequences that we had previously demonstrated to be important for binding of HIV-1 RNA to the HIV-1 Gag polyprotein in vitro 9, 35 were necessary for packaging of RN[r] ...
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The Influenza A Virus PB2, PA, NP, and M Segments Play a Pivotal Role during Genome Packaging
... region packaging signals, transitions were preferred over transversions, and every possible silent muta- tion was introduced in order to completely disable the packaging ...HA packaging ...
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Deep Sequencing of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Reveals RNA Sequences Involved in Genome Packaging
... that packaging is specific for viral RNA, but the interactions driving packaging and conferring specificity remain poorly ...viruses, packaging is known to involve interactions between capsid proteins ...
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Helper virus-free transfer of herpes simplex virus type 1 plasmid vectors into neural cells.
... virus-free packaging system for these vectors, the DNA cleavage/packaging signals were deleted from a set of cosmids that represents the HSV-1 ...and packaging of vector ...
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cis-Acting Elements Important for Retroviral RNA Packaging Specificity
... of packaging signals that influence viral RNA encapsidation ...SNV packaging signals ( ⌿ and E, respectively) do not contain significant sequence homology, they both contain a pair of ...
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Overlapping signals for translational regulation and packaging of influenza A virus segment 2
... Influenza A virus (IAV) is a major pathogen, capable of infecting a number of species including humans, birds, swine and horses. Its genome is contained on eight segments of negative sense viral RNA (vRNA), individu- ally ...
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Innovations in the food packaging market – intelligent packaging – a review
... for packaging and articles intended to come into contact with food are systematically ...safe packaging. It is a challenge to the food packaging industry and it also acts as a driving force for the ...
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Development Of A Database To Support Sustainable Packaging Design
... 6 Packaging undeniable consumes resources and requires energy for manufacturing but technology now is constantly aiming for reducing packaging waste as low as ...in packaging design requires new ...
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Research for ANSI accredited “Lean Six Sigma Green Belt Certificate Program” in Packaging Science for Undergraduate Students
... Manufacturing seeks to improve speed of the process while reducing non-value added costs and Six Sigma seeks to satisfy customer requirements by removing the defects. A six sigma process is one in which 99.99966% of the ...
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A Review on Active Packaging: An Innovation in Food Packaging
... active packaging technologies, a topic discussed ...gas-barrier packaging so that, when the package is opened, they are released to be detected by ...
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Late stage customization in the cheese packaging A study on the packaging customization possibilities in a cheese packaging factory
... their packaging. After the packaging have been sealed and cut into individual packs, the restricted area ends, and the packaging is transported to the basic care ...
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A method of characterisation of the nonlinear vibration transmissibility of cushioning materials
... A global market and ever increasing need for resource management will lead to a further increase in distribution volume in Australia and elsewhere. Victorian Freight (2001) forecasts clearly indicate this. But more ...
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