PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVATION
Proteolytic Activation of the Spike Protein at a Novel RRRR/S Motif Is Implicated in Furin-Dependent Entry, Syncytium Formation, and Infectivity of Coronavirus Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Cultured Cells
... Recently, proteolytic activa- tion by an endosomal protease, cathepsin L, and a membrane- bound protease, factor Xa, was reported to play a role in the entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV (18, ...
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Furin Processing and Proteolytic Activation of Semliki Forest Virus
... Of the seven known mammalian SPCs, furin (SPC1), SPC4, and the recently identified SPC7 appear to have redundant functions. Previous studies of anthrax toxin showed that both furin and SPC4 played a role in the ...
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Proteolytic activation defines distinct lymphangiogenic mechanisms for VEGFC and VEGFD
... During embryonic development, lymphatic vessels arise after organs have formed and rapidly create a vascular network through a highly stereotyped, spatially controlled angiogenic program (37). VEGFC is a critical ...
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Proteolytic Activation of the Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Coronavirus Spike Fusion Protein by Trypsin in Cell Culture
... trypsin activation at a post-receptor-binding ...cells. Proteolytic processing after preconditioning has been observed for other CoVs and correlated with conforma- tional changes that expose a cleavage ...
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Proteolytic Activation of the 1918 Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin
... Trypsin treatment of 1918 influenza virus HA- NA-bearing pseudotypes is required for infectivity. It has been shown pre- viously that the genetically reconstituted 1918 H1N1 influenza virus replicates in MDCK cells to ...
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Organ tropism of Sendai virus in mice: proteolytic activation of the fusion glycoprotein in mouse organs and budding site at the bronchial epithelium.
... Recently, we isolated a host range mutant of Sendai virus, * F1-R, which underwent multiple cycles of replication in several tissue culture cells, attributed to the proteolytic cleavage [r] ...
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Proteolytic activation of Chlamydia trachomatis HTRA is mediated by PDZ1 domain interactions with protease domain loops L3 and LC and beta strand β5
... 2). Proteolytic activity was found to be below the limit of detection for the assay for both mutants, correlating with the results of β-casein degradation assays, where no degradation of β-casein was seen after 40 ...
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Proteolytic Activation of Rim1p, a Positive Regulator of Yeast Sporulation and Invasive Growth
... In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, riml, 8, 9, or 13 mutations cause four phenotypes: poor growth at low temperature, altered colony morphology, inefficient sporulation due [r] ...
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The Proteolytic Activation of (H3N2) Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinin Is Facilitated by Different Type II Transmembrane Serine Proteases
... Cleavage of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) by host cell proteases is necessary for viral activation and infectivity. In humans and mice, members of the type II transmembrane protease family (TTSP), e.g., ...
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Proteolytic Activation By Adamts3 Defines Distinct Mechanisms Of Lymphangiogenesis Mediated By Vegfc And Vegfd
... A novel accomplishment in this study was that we were able to engineer VEGFC construct into a robust biochemical tool to follow its proteolysis in vitro. Prior studies have used either S 35 radiolabelling or a single ...
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Proteolytic activation of tick-borne encephalitis virus by furin.
... biological activation, as shown by a 100-fold increase in specific infectivity, the acquisition of membrane fusion and hemagglutination activity, and the ability of the envelope proteins to undergo low-pH- induced ...
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Human influenza virus hemagglutinin with high sensitivity to proteolytic activation.
... This concept was first derived from comparisons of naturally occurring strains 3, 15, 23 and was corroborated when acquisition of high cleavability paralleled by an increase in the numbe[r] ...
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Matriptase, HAT, and TMPRSS2 Activate the Hemagglutinin of H9N2 Influenza A Viruses
... investigated proteolytic activation of the early H9N2 isolate A/turkey/Wisconsin/1/66 (H9-Wisc) and two recent Asian isolates, A/quail/Shantou/782/00 (H9-782) and A/quail/Shantou/2061/00 (H9-2061), ...
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Targeted Infection of Endothelial Cells by Avian Influenza Virus A/FPV/Rostock/34 (H7N1) in Chicken Embryos
... embryo. Proteolytic activation of the hemagglutinin by cellular proteases is an important factor determining spread of infection and organ tropism of influenza ...
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The plasminogen activator/plasmin system
... However, the concept of proteolytic activation of hormones and growth factors should be revisited in the light of recent studies: plasmin can activate the latent form of TGF,3 and releas[r] ...
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Evidence that TMPRSS2 Activates the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Protein for Membrane Fusion and Reduces Viral Control by the Humoral Immune Response
... with activation of viral ...that proteolytic activation of SARS S is required for SARS S-driven cell-cell fusion only when receptor expression is ...S activation by TMPRSS4 is at present ...
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Activation of the Nipah Virus Fusion Protein in MDCK Cells Is Mediated by Cathepsin B within the Endosome-Recycling Compartment
... Proteolytic activation of the fusion protein of the highly pathogenic Nipah virus (NiV F) is a prerequisite for the production of infectious particles and for virus spread via cell-to-cell ...F ...
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Molecular basis of age dependent gastric inactivation of rhesus rotavirus in the mouse
... To observe the nature of intestinal proteolytic activation of rotavirus in vivo, metabolically labeled rhesus rotavirus RRV grown in the presence of trypsin inhibitors was administered t[r] ...
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Proteolytic cleavage and activation of pro macrophage stimulating protein by resident peritoneal macrophage membrane proteases
... Like many of its relatives in the coagulation and fibrino- lytic systems, the cleavage site in pro-MSP that gives rise to a and b chains is Arg, bonded to an aliphatic amino acid. This scissile bond is a target for ...
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A STUDY ON PLANT LATEX, A RICH SOURCE OF PROTEASES AND CUTTING EDGE FOR DISEASE INVASION
... their activation by reagents expected to regenerate thiol groups from disulfides, led to classify them as “thiol ...and activation of the enzymes by thiol ...
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