Pulse wave velocity

pulse wave velocity, there is possibility that foam rolling could decrease the probability of a cardiovascular event to occur. 1 Pulse wave velocity is a marker of arterial stiffness that can help to predict the likelihood of a cardiovascular event. There has been research into treatments can help to decrease arterial stiffness to lessen this likelihood. Janić et al (2014) researched the pharmacological treatments available to improve arterial compliance, thus decreasing pulse wave velocity. Antihypertensive drugs were suggested to decrease arterial stiffness by inhibiting the renin-angiotensin system, which, when stimulated, was shown to increase arterial stiffness. ACE inhibitors were also suggested to improve arterial compliance, as the renin-angiotensin system is affect by the loss of the enzyme. Arterial compliance was also suggested to be affected by angiotensin receptor blockers, which inhibit the angiotensin system. Janić et al suggested that beta blockers also decrease arterial stiffness by reducing HR. AGE cross-link breakers were shown to decrease arterial stiffness by breaking up the crossing of collagen fibers, which are responsible for creating the stiffness in arteries. 19

Patient selection was performed at the vascular diagnostic laboratory. Patients that underwent carotid vascular surgery, visible or known carotid plaques or intervention at both sides were excluded. Unfortunately, CV patients are more difficult to measure due to stiffer systems and, therefore, higher pulse wave velocities, decreased distension and more complex physiologies, which results in more noise at the distension waveform. 21 Therefore, it is important to determine the reproducibility in this complex CV population with the current method. Furthermore, differences in LPWVs between groups and risk factors can provide insights into how to interpret the pulse wave velocity values.

28. Seo SM, Jung HO, Koh YS, Park CS, Park HJ, Oh YS, Back SH, Youn HJ, Chung WS, Seung KB, Kim JH. Comparison of the effect of angiotensin II receptor blocker and calcium channel blocker on arterial stiffness in middle aged subjects with essential hypertension: using the changes in central aortic pressure, carotid stiffness, pulse wave velocity, and biomarkers. J Korean Soc Hypertens.

Conclusion: Thus, the PWV and the variables derived from it can be used for evaluating the status of blood vessels noninvasively. Keywords: Vascular stiffness, Pulse wave velocity, Gender, Carotid-femoral, Hypertensive. INTRODUCTION Hypertension is related to the risk of development of stroke and coronary disease. Many pharmacoeconomic studies reveal an enormous expenditure involved in the treatment of high blood pressure [1].

Goiânia, Brazil ABSTRACT Currently, the available technologies that are capable of monitoring pulse wave velocity (PWV) in a patient are uncomfortable and obstructive. Recently, it has been hypothesized the use of photoplethysmographic (PPG) for this purpose and, therefore, the need to capture and understand the hemodynamic variables used in the PPG signal acquirement process, such as the local pulse transit time (PTT) and local PWV. This work aims to verify the feasibility of the PPG technique in the construction of local PTT and PWV monitor, using PPG sensors and low-cost integrated circuits. In this paper, the low-cost term is used as a synonym for retail sensors, available commercially and commonly used in academic projects for the Arduino platform. It is important for the development of wearable technologies that can be used in a future project to monitor PTT and PWV using a minimally obstructive approach.

improvements to make it more portable and user friendly, for future studies under field setting, or on the treadmill. The overall objective of this research was the developing a technique to measure pulse wave velocity in the pulmonary arteries of standing sedated horses. Any association between the presence of histological arterial lesions and changes in PWV could not be determined at this time, due to several factors previously discussed. Nevertheless, this study may be a corner stone to understand the potential role that lesions like arterial medial calcification may play in the pathogenesis of pulmonary vascular diseases.

4. Ogawa O, Hayashi C, Nakaniwa T, Tanaka Y, Kawamori R: Arterial stiffness is associated with diabetic retinopathy in type 2 dia- betes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2005, 68:162-166. 5. Yamashina A, Tomiyama H, Takeda K, Tsuda H, Arai T, Hirose K, Koji Y, Hori S, Yamamoto Y: Validity, reproducibility, and clinical significance of noninvasive brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity measurement. Hypertens Res 2002, 25:359-364.

Available online 14 May 2016 Background: Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a noninvasive technique to evaluate arterial stiffness, a dynamic property of the vessels, re flecting their structure and function. Childhood obesity is associated with several cardiovascular comorbidities and to the progression of atherosclerosis. We aimed to compare carotid-femoral PWV between normal weight and overweight/obese prepubertal children and to quantify its association with other cardiovascular risk factors.

Abstract Purpose: Stiffening of the arteries results in increased pulse-wave velocity (PWV), the propagation velocity of the blood. Elevated aortic PWV has been shown to correlate with aging and atherosclerotic alterations. We extended a previous non-triggered projection-based cardiovascular MR method and demonstrate its feasibility by mapping the PWV of the aortic arch, thoraco-abdominal aorta and iliofemoral arteries in a cohort of healthy adults.

28) Nakanishi N, Susuki K, Tatara K. Clusterd features of the metabolic syndrome and the risk for increased aortic pulse wave velocity in middle-aged Japanese men. Angiology 54:551-559, 2003 29) Sutton-Tyrell K, Newman A, Simonsick EM, Havlik R, Pahor M, Lakatta E, Spurgeon H, Vaitkevicius P. Aortic stiffness is associated with visceral adiposity in older adults enrolled in the study of health, aging, and body composition. Hypertension 38:429-433, 2001 30) Ohnishi H, Saitoh S, Takagi S, Ohata J, Isobe T, Kikuchi Y,

본 연구의 결과는 맥파 속도와 대사증후군의 관계를 규명한 이전 연구들과 일치하는 결과를 보여준다. Naka- nishi 등 20) 은 40∼69세 일본인을 대상으로 한 연구에서 대 사증후군과 인슐린 저항성이 상완-발목 맥파 속도의 증 가와 강한 관련성이 있음을 보여주었다. Mule 등 21) 은 치 료받지 않은 고혈압 환자를 대상으로 하여 연령을 보정 한 경동맥-대퇴 맥파 속도가 대사증후군이 있는 집단에 서 없는 집단에 비해 높게 측정됨을 보여주었고, 이는 성별과 24시간 혈압을 보정한 후에도 유의하였다. Li 등 22) 은 Bogalusa Heart Study의 일환으로 젊고 건강한 무증상 성인에서 대사증후군이 상완-발목 맥파 속도를 증가시 Table 2. Association between brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and other variables according to metabolic syndrome (MetS) status.

re the femoral pulse wave and a 30­mm plethysmo­ graphic partial inflatable sensor was placed over the carotid region, able to pick up the carotid pulse wave. Both cuffs are automatically inflated to 65mmHg and the corresponding oscillometric signal from each cuff is digitally analysed using the latest patented technique to accurately extract, in real time, the pulse time delay and the consequent Pulse Wave Velocity.

Abstract The identification of vascular alterations at the sub-clinical, asymptomatic stages are potentially useful for screening, prevention and improvement of cardiovascular risk stratification beyond classical risk factors. Increased intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery is a well-known marker of early atherosclerosis, which significantly correlates with the development of cardiovascular diseases. More recently, other vascular parameters evaluating both structural and functional arterial proprieties of peripheral arteries have been introduced, for cardiovascular risk stratification and as surrogate endpoints in clinical trials. Increased arterial stiffness, which can be detected by applanation tonometry as carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, has been shown to predict future cardiovascular events and to significantly improve risk stratification.

Conclusions The aim of this study was to consider the use of Doppler as an alternative to a more established method (Complior ® ) of measuring pulse wave velocity and to highlight certain advantages that Doppler has over this reference technique. Although the number of patients studied in this first study to specifically compare these two devices is limited, the findings are sufficiently powerful to demonstrate a high correlation between the two systems and so to justify the use of Doppler ultra- sound both in clinical practice and clinical studies to assess arterial stiffness. However, automated methods should be developed for calculating transit time to reduce the variability from the use of manual calipers.

We investigated the changes in exercise habits and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) with lifestyle modification in Japanese. We used data for 105 men (48.2 ± 13.8 years) and 110 women (48.6 ± 12.1 years) without any medications with a 1-year follow up. Subjects were given advice for dietary and lifestyle improvement. At the 1-year follow up, body weight and body mass index (BMI) were significantly decreased in both sexes. Abdominal circumference was significantly decreased in men. In addition, changes in exercise habits were noted in both sexes. In separate analysis in subjects without exercise habits at baseline, the changes in baPWV with exercise habits at follow up was lower than that without exercise habits at follow up in both sexes, but not at a significant level.

Keywords: renal transplantation, pulse wave velocity, 24-hour monitoring, PTIN Introduction The question of structural and mechanical alterations of the arterial wall in the case of renal transplantation has not yet been completely resolved. An insufficiency of endogenous regulators of calcium and phosphate is well known to be a significant factor affecting extraosseous calcifications. 1 In dialysis patients and kidney transplant patients, volume overload and disturbances of calcium and phosphate metabolism add to the atherogenic profile, and these serve as independent risk factors for cardiovascular mortality. 2 The presence of arterial calcifications was strongly and independently predictive of the outcome in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). 3 On this basis, estimating the arterial stiffness (AS) in ESRD is of great interest. Measuring the pulse-wave velocity (PWV) is a reliable means of determining the AS. 4,5

Augmentation index Summary In this paper, we briefly revise some of the most widely applied methods to non- invasively assess pressure wave reflection (augmentation index) and arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity; PWV) in clinical vascular research. It is clear that the pressure waveform alone provides insufficient information to accurately quantify the magnitude of pressure wave reflec- tion or to even fully interpret its nature. A major difficulty arises from the identification of timing of return of the reflected pressure wave, the ‘‘fiducial’’ point, and incorrect assessment of this point has an effect on all of the derived parameters. From our studies, it also follows that the use of an approximated flow waveform has little or no added value to assess magni- tude of wave reflection. As for PWV, carotidefemoral pulse wave velocity is currently consid- ered as the gold standard method, although accurate assessment of travel distance remains ambiguous. New methods have also been suggested for the assessment of PWV, relying on the concept that the pressure wave is composed of one single forward wave and one single reflected wave, originating from a single reflection site. This simple conceptual scheme is no more than a paradigm for a complex physical reality of wave transmission and continuous reflections in a complex branching network of elastic vessels and the accuracy of these methods is very limited. As such, the benefit of the ease of use of these methods should be weighted against the desired accuracy and reliability.

WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS? Many patients do not report intermittent claudication before they develop critical lower limb ischaemia (CLI). Therefore, novel tools for predicting CLI are required. Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) and alternative indices of aortic stiffness were compared in 136 patients with CLI and 1,030 participants from a randomly selected community sample, 194 of whom were age- and sex matched: all were of African ancestry. While central aortic pulse pressure and augmentation index were increased in CLI, PWV was markedly reduced. The ratio of aortic pulse pressure-to-PWV was the most speci fic parameter distinguishing patients with CLI.

Fax +7 913 825 9111 Email posokhov@24h-monitoring.com Abstract: This review describes issues for the estimation of pulse wave velocity (PWV) under ambulatory conditions using oscillometric systems. The difference between the principles of measuring the PWV by the standard method and by oscillometry is shown, and information on device validation studies is summarized. It was concluded that currently oscillometry is a method that is very convenient to use in the 24-hour monitoring of the PWV, is relatively accurate, and is reasonably comfortable for the patient. Several indices with the same principles as those in the analysis of blood pressure in ambulatory monitoring of blood pressure, namely the assessment of load, variability, and circadian rhythm, are proposed.

The ratio of this distance to the RT is calculated by software of the Arteriograph and is named as aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV). Statistical analysis for the assessment of the repeatability of pulse wave velocity The descriptive statistics of the study parameters, normality of distribution of differences and paired t-test for the means of differences with calculation of differences between duplicate measurements, mean difference, standard deviation of differences and confidence intervals were estimated by SPSS statistical software version 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. The intraclass correlation coefficients were estimated using MedCalc statistical package version 14.8.1 (MedCalc Software, Ostend, Belgium; http://www.medcalc.org; 2014), based on the same rates for all subjects, absolute agreement, two-way model.The Bland-Altman plot of agreement between duplicate measurements on each subject was constructed by the above-mentioned MedCalc statistical package version 14.8.1. No subjects or outliers were excluded from any part of the statistical analysis.