T-2 Toxin
The roles of carboxylesterase and CYP isozymes on the in vitro metabolism of T-2 toxin
... HT-2 toxin into 3′-OH HT-2 toxin in vitro ...eliminated T-2 and HT-2 toxins primarily by 3′-hydroxylation of the isovaleryl ...hydroxylating T-2 toxin ...
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Efficacy of Biological Control and Cultivar Resistance on Fusarium Head Blight and T 2 Toxin Contamination in Wheat
... The toxin can decrease anti- body levels, immunoglobulins and certain other humoral ...with T-2 toxin poses a threat to food and feed ...
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The fungal T-2 toxin alters the activation of primary macrophages induced by TLR-agonists resulting in a decrease of the inflammatory response in the pig
... specific TLR-agonists during 16 h at 39°C. Indeed, 39°C is the physiological temperature for pigs. Preliminary experiments indicate an optimal production of cytokines by PAM after 16 h of culture in contact with ...
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Crosstalk between Autophagy and Apoptosis Modulates T-2 Toxin-Induced Toxicity in Liver Cells
... with T-2 toxin caused decreases in Beclin-1 and Bcl-2 with cleavage of caspase-3, suggesting that autophagy and apoptosis share common stimuli and signaling pathways, and apoptosis is ...
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Experimental Haematobiochemical Alterations in Broiler Chickens Fed with T 2 Toxin and Co Infected with IBV
... [1-3]. T-2 toxin is a member of a large group of fungal metabolites with same basic chemical structure, called Trichothecene mycotox- ins, produced by various species of Fusarium ...[4]. ...
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An Investigation on T-2 Toxin Contamination in Wheat Crops from 11 Cities, Iran
... (NIV), T-2 toxin (T-2), HT-2 toxin (HT-2), zearalenone (ZEA) and fumonisins (FB1, FB2 and FB3) (Visconti et ...the T-2 ...The toxin production ...
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T-2 toxin induced Salmonella Typhimurium intoxication results in decreased Salmonella numbers in the cecum contents of pigs, despite marked effects on Salmonella-host cell interactions
... cm 2 cell culture flasks at a density of approximately 2 × 10 6 cells per flask and were allowed to grow for 21 ...ng/mL T-2 toxin or left ...and 2% (v/v) tributylphosphine (TBP, ...
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Evaluation of Gojiextract and Charcoal as Antioxidant on T 2 Toxin Administration Onliver Male Mice
... of T-2 toxin in male mice and has focused on its effect on liver function and evaluate the possible role of charcoal and Goji extract in reversing T-2 toxin ...T2 toxin in ...
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Hocke, Katja Bernhardine (2008): Entwicklung und Validierung von Enzymimmuntests zum Nachweis von T-2 Toxin und HT-2 Toxin sowie Vorkommen dieser Mykotoxine in Lebensmitteln des deutschen Marktes. Dissertation, LMU München: Tierärztliche Fakultät
... von T-2 Toxin auf das Immunsystem am Maus-Modell ...mg T-2 Toxin pro kg KGW, bevor sie ihnen 2 h später 1 x 10 7 plaque forming Units (PFU) eines Reovirus (Serotyp 1) ...
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Monoclonal antibodies to T 2 toxin In vitro neutralization of protein synthesis inhibition and protection of rats against lethal toxemia
... of T-2 toxin in human B lymphoblastoid ...of T-2 toxin conferred 100% ...of T-2 toxin, protected 25% of the ...for T-2 ...
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The defense response in Arabidopsis thaliana against Fusarium sporotrichioides
... Moreover, the activities of p47 (MPK6) and p44 (MPK3) have been shown to be activated by bacterial and fungal pathogen–associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) during plant–pathogen interactions [27]. MPK6 and MPK3 have ...
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Serum levels of M-CSF, RANKL and OPG in rats fed with Kashin-Beck disease-affected diet
... by T and B lymphocytes, macrophages/monocytes, fibroblasts, synoviocytes and ...megakaryocytes. T-2 toxin and its accu- mulating effect may cause a decrease in the normal rate of ...
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T 2 mycotoxin induced toxicity: a review
... 2 toxin are mycotoxins of the group type A produced by fungi of the fusarium genus ...GS, 2 is nonvolatile and resistant to UV and it can be inactivated by heating at 200 °C to 210 °C for 30 min to ...
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Detoxification of aflatoxin B1 and T-2 by probiotic yoghurt bacteria
... 9 T-2 and HT-2 are commonly found in cereal grains such as wheat, oats and maize as well as in animal feed and human foods produced from contaminated grains (He, Zhou, Young, Boland, & Scott, ...
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Mutagenic effects of selected trichothecene mycotoxins and their combinations with aflatoxin B1
... In the Ames test the combination of T-2 toxin and vom- itoxin did not show any mutagenic activity after metabol- ic activation, or without it. This is valid for at most concentrations tested with the ...
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Determination of T-2 Mycotoxin in Fusarium strains by HPLC with fluorescence detector
... T-2 toxin assay protocol using HPLC-F is introduced in this ...day, T-2-specific immunoaffinity column purification is in the market, which was not available during this ...of ...
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Concentrations of ergosterol and trichothecenes in the grains of three Triticum species
... high toxin levels in grain cause diseases known as myco- toxicoses (Richard ...(mainly T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol) and type B trichothecenes (mostly deoxynivalenol ...
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Enhancement of insect susceptibility and larvicidal efficacy of Cry4Ba toxin by calcofluor
... The PM lining between the midgut epithelial mem- brane and lumen serves as a protective barrier of the in- sect larvae from invaders such as bacteria and viruses [16, 17]. Chitin, the major PM component, is secreted by ...
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Subtyping Method for Escherichia coli Shiga Toxin (Verocytotoxin) 2 Variants and Correlations to Clinical Manifestations
... The toxin variants are named by subtype, O group, and strain ...following toxin variants are registered under the respective GenBank accession numbers: Stx2-O48-94C, Z37725; Stx2-O157-EDL933, X07865; ...
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Rotavirus 2/6 Virus-Like Particles Administered Intranasally in Mice, with or without the Mucosal Adjuvants Cholera Toxin and Escherichia coli Heat-Labile Toxin, Induce a Th1/Th2-Like Immune Response
... rotavirus 2/6 virus-like particles (2/6-VLPs) of the bovine RF strain, by assessing the profile of cytokines produced after in vitro restimulation and serum and fecal antibody ...of 2/6-VLPs induced ...
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