The total shipping
Shipping and aviation emissions in the context of a 2 C emission pathway
... The shipping emissions shown in Figure 2 are similarly taken from a range of project and literature sources, and also have a consensus ‘best estimate’ of emissions for 2007, based upon ...
10
Arctic Shipping Emissions in the Changing Climate
... For 2050, the corresponding rates are 2.5 out of 5.6 million TEU, resulting in 850 passages. These amounts imply that a share of about 8 % of the total container trade between Asia and Europe in 2030 is ...
110
Gridded emissions of air pollutants for the period 1970–2012 within EDGAR v4.3.2
... Most emissions are computed using international activ- ity data from the International Environmental Agency (IEA, 2014), Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statisti- cal Database (FAOSTAT, 2016), Food and ...
27
An Investigation of the Effect of Ship Capacity to Shipping Emissions
... Abstract Shipping has the major part of world trading with a ratio of approximately ...economy, shipping activities are responsible for considerable amounts of harmful emissions and wastes which can ...
5
Arctic shipping emissions inventories and future scenarios
... For this work, we assume the fleet wide maximum feasible reduction (MFR) for BC is 70%, representing a combination technology performance (Winebrake et al., 2009a), and/or reasonable advances in single-technology ...
16
Extended and refined multi sensor reanalysis of total ozone for the period 1970–2012
... level 2 and level 4 data have been com- pared to ground-based observations with satisfying ...the period with only sparse BUV observations, although model biases of several percent as a function of latitude ...
15
Shaping the Global Arena: Preparing the EU Emissions Trading Scheme for the post-2012 Period. CEPS Task Force Reports No. 61, 6 March 2007
... Criterion 7, impact on international competitiveness. Competitiveness issues concern principally the impact on those energy-intensive industries that are subject to international competition. For the most part, member ...
34
EDGAR v4.3.2 Global Atlas of the three major greenhouse gas emissions for the period 1970–2012
... – comparing with other gridded datasets at grid-cell level, especially when using EDGAR v4.3.2 disaggregated subsector emissions data. Several assumptions about the technological evolution and the spatial ...
44
Future emissions from shipping and petroleum activities in the Arctic
... for shipping routes and extended use of exist- ing routes (Paxian et ...ship emissions low (Paxian et ...al., 2007; Bo´e et ...new shipping routes and extension of the pe- riod during which ...
16
The impacts of regional shipping emissions on the chemical characteristics of coastal
... 43 Figure 3: Diurnal variation of NR-PM 1 component average concentrations (a-c) and PMF factors (d-f) during the marine period (a & d), the frontal/LP period (b & e), and the continental period (c & ...
66
Conspicuously absent: shipping emissions in climate change policy
... reduce emissions from maritime shipping, a sector that will continue to increase its contributions to global emissions as trade among countries of the world continues and ...for emissions ...
9
The Role of International Policy in Mitigating Global Shipping Emissions
... CO 2 emissions from ships are expected to rise considerably over the next few decades (Figure ...suggest shipping growth is tightly coupled with economic activity and may increase faster than ...
13
Prevention and Control of Shipping and Port Air Emissions in China
... Guangdong Province released its Guangdong Provincial Air Pollution Prevention Action Plan on February 7, 2014. Submitted by the Guangdong Provincial Department of Environmental Protection (GDDEP) and drafted by the ...
50
Shipping accidents in the Baltic Sea in 2012
... in 2012 stayed approximately at the same level as in 2011 with roughly 407 500 ship crossings in ...decreased shipping activity resulting from the economic ...
43
Emissions budgets for shipping in a 2°C and a 4°C global warming scenario, and implications for operational efficiency
... of emissions growth from demand growth as CO 2 emissions have reduced at the same time as growth in trade during the period 2007-12 (Smith et ...and emissions intensity: EEDI and ...
11
Cost Impacts of the Inclusion of Air Transport into the European Emissions Trading Scheme in the Time Period 2012-2020
... in emissions elsewhere (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, ...global emissions could be even higher compared to the situation before the introduction of market-based ...CO 2 emissions ...
17
Shipping emissions over Europe: a state-of-the-art and comparative analysis
... air emissions from shipping activities on the environment and human ...of emissions is limited due to a lack of dynamical features, such as the geographical or temporal variations of ...
14
Maritime shipping and emissions: A three-layered, damage-based approach
... reducing shipping emissions through technical standards tends to neglect how damages and abatement opportunities vary according to location and operational ...vessel emissions is intuitive and ...
8
Development of the models to accurately assess the environmental impacts of shipping emissions
... 83 consistent emission data available as a function of the engine age. In addition, country- specific EFs for CO 2 do not consider engine types or shipping activities. United States Environmental Protection ...
301
Revisiting the contribution of land transport and shipping emissions to tropospheric ozone
... NO 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), and volatile organic compounds (VOC) separately, but also their non-linear in- teraction in producing ...transport emissions to ground-level ozone of up to 18 % in North ...
22