transmission routes
Salmonella and Campylobacter Transmission Routes in Breeder Turkeys.
... Prevalence and persistence of colonization, identification of strains, and antibiotic resistance profiles of the pathogens in turkey flocks and the surrounding environment can provide valuable information regarding ...
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Transmission routes of African swine fever virus to domestic pigs: current knowledge and future research directions
... main transmission routes of ASF virus (ASFV) to domestic ...indirect transmission via the environment, the minimal infective doses for contaminated feed ingestion, the probability of effective ...
7
Mutation in a Lordsdale Norovirus Epidemic Strain as a Potential Indicator of Transmission Routes
... predominant transmission routes within two different outbreaks, the accumulation of virus mutations was investigated in different patients infected over the course of each ...
8
Statistical Exploration of Local Transmission Routes for African Swine Fever in Pigs in the Russian Federation, 2007–2014
... farm-to-farm transmission routes in the epidemic that occurred from 2007 to 2014 in two of the most affected regions of the Russian ...that transmission from infected wild boar populations, if any, ...
24
Association of COVID-19 Disease Severity with Transmission Routes and Suggested Changes to Community Guidelines
... One potential transmission route is fecal-related transmission. In Hong Kong, there was a huge outbreak of SARS due to an infected individual who lived on the top of an apartment building whose sewage had a ...
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Alternative transmission routes in the malaria elimination era: an overview of transfusion transmitted malaria in the Americas
... In this work, cases were mostly reported from Mexico in the 1970s and 1980s (when this country had a higher malaria incidence) and in the USA. The incidence of TT malaria among people residing in endemic areas is ...
14
Recent knowledge on hepatitis E virus in Suidae reservoirs and transmission routes to human
... HEV transmission from pigs, the exposed groups usually included pig farmers, slaughterers, butch- ers and swine ...HEV transmission through this path- way seems to be ...
14
Novel insights into transmission routes of Mycobacterium avium in pigs and possible implications for human health
... Mycobacterium avium infection is a severe condition in humans, whereas pigs are often subclinically infected. Pig carcasses represent a possible source of human infection. Faecal excretion of M. avium was recently ...
8
Revealing New Measles Virus Transmission Routes by Use of Sequence Analysis of Phosphoprotein and Hemagglutinin Genes
... With improved measles virus (MV) control, the genetic variability of the MV-nucleoprotein hypervariable region (NP-HVR) decreases. Thus, it becomes increasingly difficult to determine the origin of a virus using only ...
7
Mycobacterium bovis Persistence in Two Different Captive Wild Animal Populations in Germany: a Longitudinal Molecular Epidemiological Study Revealing Pathogen Transmission by Whole Genome Sequencing
... the transmission routes of a bTB out- break in a wildlife park in Germany affecting different cervid species, bison, lynx, and pot-bellied pigs were followed by employing whole-genome sequencing (WGS) com- ...
9
Frequency distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes in different geographical regions of Pakistan and their possible routes of transmission
... of transmission however we took the most probable one for data ...of transmission. Mode of transmission was not clear for more than half of patients with untypable ...
9
Transmission of H7N9 influenza virus in mice by different infective routes
... virus transmission has not been documented between individuals having close contact; however, this transmission route could not be excluded for three ...and transmission routes in ...
9
Preventing Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV/AIDS: Do Iranian Pregnant Mothers Know about it?
... possible routes of transmission, methods of prevention, history of HIV testing and their willingness for HIV ...about transmission routes and ...
5
HIV-1 genetic diversity and its distribution characteristics among newly diagnosed HIV-1 individuals in Hebei province, China
... source, transmission routes, occupation, marital status, ethnicity and educational level), especially in source, transmission routes, occupation and ethnic- ...
12
Reconstructing transmission trees for communicable diseases using densely sampled genetic data
... individual-level transmission, using high-frequency genomic samples from a subpopulation ...the transmission tree, a graph representing the spread of a pathogen between individuals, comprising nodes (cases, ...
38
<p>Impact of Stigma on People Living with Chronic Hepatitis B</p>
... HBV transmission in adults often being perceived as being associated with the use of injectable drugs, sexual promiscuity or ...around routes of ...of transmission routes than to overall ...
13
Partial failure of milk pasteurization as a risk for the transmission of campylobacter from cattle to humans
... Conclusions . Here, milk distribution concentrated on a small area, including school-aged children with low background incidence of campylobacteriosis, facilitated outbreak identi fi cation. Low-level contamination of ...
8
The uncertainties underlying herd immunity against COVID-19
... rate, transmission routes, and antiviral therapy for COVID-19 remains limited ...COVID-19 transmission seems more opportune than vaccination, antiviral therapy, or herd immunity, all of which will ...
9
Multicenter Comparison of Two Norovirus ORF2 Based Genotyping Protocols
... mon-source outbreaks so that transmission routes can be in- terrupted (5, 15, 18). Because NoVs cannot be routinely grown in cell culture, most clinical laboratories use either conven- tional or real-time ...
6
A model for leptospire dynamics and control in the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) the reservoir host in urban slum environments
... other transmission routes. Changes in the rate of direct transmission will have a greater effect on the occurrence of endemic infection than vertical transmission, but changes in the rate of ...
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