universal service obligations
Gradual Network Expansion and Universal Service Obligations
... Introduction Universal service obligations (USO) have long been imposed in industries like telecommu- nication, energy or postal ...services. Universal service obligations are ...
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Tendering Universal Service Obligations in Liberalized Network Industries
... tendering universal service obligations is related to the choice of the winning ...providing universal services (horizontal lines in Figure ...Hence, universal service provision ...
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Entry Deterrence and the Calculation of the Net Cost of Universal Service Obligations
... of Universal Service Obligations (USO) which traditionally have been financed by reserved areas (legal ...maintain universal services: Equity, economic development and efficiency in the case ...
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Allocating and Funding Universal Service Obligations in a Competitive Network Market
... these universal service obligations (USOs), and used cross-subsidies between ”prof- itable” and ”unprofitable” users, the arrival of new entrants on markets that are now open to competition induces ...
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Liberalization of the Swiss Letter Market and the Viability of Universal Service Obligations
... “Universal Service and Entry: The Role of Uniform Pricing and Coverage Constraints,” Journal of Regulatory Economics, ...various universal service obligations with and without access to ...
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Liberalization of the Swiss Letter Market and the Viability of Universal Service Obligations
... The model presented is only a stylized representation of the Swiss Market and its opening. However, it does seem to represent sufficient detail on the interaction between the incumbent postal operator and en- trants to ...
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Liberalization of the Swiss Letter Market and the Viability of Universal Service Obligations
... The model presented is only a stylized representation of the Swiss Market and its opening. However, it does seem to represent sufficient detail on the interaction between the incumbent postal operator and en- trants to ...
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Liberalization of the Swiss Letter Market and the Viability of Universal Service Obligations
... the speed and scope of liberalization seems to be the prudent approach, at least for Switzerland. The model presented is only a stylized representation of the Swiss Market and its opening. However, it does seem to ...
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Funding for Universal Service Obligations in Electricity Sector : the case of green power development
... Abstract The process of deregulation in network industries, in particular in the electric sector, raises the problem of Þnancing the Universal Service Obligations (USO) corresponding to the ...
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AUCTIONS FOR UNIVERSAL SERVICE OBLIGATIONS
... an averaging function. It makes money on some customers and loses money on others, something it would normally be unwilling to do, but which it accepts in return for the compensation offered by the regulator. 12 For ...
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Universal service obligations and the liberalization of network industries: taming the Chimera?
... Controlling Member States’ autonomy when intervening in markets is not the same task as regulating to ensure that the aims and objectives of regulation are being fulfilled. As we explained, the State aid rules, as they ...
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Universal service obligations in utility concession contracts and the needs of the poor in Argentina's privatization
... The main ones refer to efficiency since relative prices move away from relative costs (marginal costs). In order to minimize these costs, the regulator must decide how to define these [r] ...
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Costing and financing universal service obligations in a competitive telecommunications environment in the European Union. Final report
... the basis of the fund and could violate the principles of non-discrirrination and proportionality. Basis for assessing contributions: The EU framew ark allows Merrber S[r] ...
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Understanding Why Universal Service Obligations May Be Unnecessary: The Private Development of Local Internet Access Markets
... internet service to individuals who would otherwise purchase service from private suppliers, we would expect to see fewer ISPs in counties with relatively larger ...
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Understanding Why Universal Service Obligations May Be Unnecessary: The Private Development of Local Internet Access Markets
... Related differences arose in the coefficients on the dummy variable indicating location in an MSA. The results of Model 1 in Table 6A imply that, all else equal, counties classified as urban attracted over 886.5 percent ...
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Universal Telecommunications Service of Thailand
... interesting universal service approach in its use of the Universal Service Fund (USF) and ...Auctions. Universal service is not considered to be the responsibility of any ...
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Endogenous financing of the universal service.
... the service at an ‘affordable ...these universal service obligations, the arrival of new entrants in markets that are now open to competition induces cream skimming on profitable segments of ...
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Reforming the Postal Universal Service
... the universal service obligations (USO) are on the agenda almost everywhere, with all three dimensions of the universal service being ...the universal service can be ...
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Universal Human Rights and Extraterritorial Obligations.
... individuals against domestic state authority, but the duties which states owe to individuals across their borders or far away. Skogly and Gibney begin by pointing out that universal human rights have traditionally ...
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Public Service Obligations and Regional Transport obligations
... Regulation (EEC) No 1191/69 of the Council of 26 June 1969 on action by Member States concerning the obligations inherent in the concept of a public service in transport by rail, road [r] ...
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