Ventral nerve cord
Serotonin immunoreactivity in the ventral nerve cord of the primitive crustacean Anaspides tasmaniae closely resembles that of crayfish
... Syncarid crustaceans, of which only a few living species remain, have articulated segments with well-developed appendages along the length of the body, an arrangement thought to resemble that of the earliest ...
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Motor Output of the Denervated Thoracic Ventral Nerve Cord in the Stick Insect Carausius Morosus
... Totally denervated thoracic ventral nerve cord Activity ofprotractor and retractor motor neurones in one half-ganglion Simultaneous recordings from nh protractor motor neurones and nls r[r] ...
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Serotonergic neurons in the ventral nerve cord of Chilopoda – a mandibulate pattern of individually identifiable neurons
... arthropod nervous systems [29, 31–33]. However, while to date the study by Harzsch [22] is the only to describe 5HT-ir neurons in the myriapod ventral nerve cord, the projection pattern of these ...
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Enhanced haemolymph circulation by insect ventral nerve cord: hormonal control by Pseudaletia unipuncta allatotropin and serotonin
... Fig. 1. Anatomy of the ventral nerve cord (VNC) and ventral diaphragm (VD) in adult male and female P. unipuncta. (A) Schematic representation of the abdomen (Ab), indicating the relative ...
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Initiation of male sperm-transfer behavior in Caenorhabditis elegansrequires input from the ventral nerve cord
... the ventral nerve cord require UNC-18 for the initiation of sperm transfer, and that UNC-18 acts downstream or in parallel to the SPV sensory neurons in this ...
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Histaminergic interneurons in the ventral nerve cord: assessment of their value for Euarthropod phylogeny
... euarthropod ventral nerve cord is incompletely under- ...the ventral nerve cord of crickets, possibly affecting neuronal and non-neuronal ...
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Convergent evolution of the ladder-like ventral nerve cord in Annelida
... and ventral view (c, d, f, i-k) of VNC in Owenia fusiformis (a-e), Myriochele heeri (f), Myriowenia ...the ventral cord, but no somata-free ...The ventral nerve cord (vnc) lies ...
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Conduction Along the Ventral Nerve Cord of a Hemichordate Worm
... Each of the 30 shocks that were given 2 s apart evoked pulses in the anterior cord that were similar to those recorded at the anterior electrode in response to the second shock 2, in whi[r] ...
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Interdependence of macrophage migration and ventral nerve cord development in Drosophila embryos
... Here we show that haemocyte migration is dependent upon the correct development of the VNC. Haemocytes fail to migrate along the VNC midline in slit and robo1,2 mutants, which have related VNC defects due to axonal ...
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Identification of neurones containing cardioacceleratory peptides (CAPs) in the ventral nerve cord of the tobacco hawkmoth, Manduca sexta
... Release of CAP activity by extracellular stimulation of the transverse nerve The MB cells are unique among abdominal ganglion neurones leaving the ventral nerve in that each MB neurone h[r] ...
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Visual and Multimodal Interneurones in the Ventral Nerve Cord of the Cockroach, Periplaneta Americana
... Compound-eye ipsilateral tonic ON-unit This unit is typically initiated from a previously silent unit, but if there is a dark discharge stimulation of the contralateral compound eye inhi[r] ...
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Direct regulation of egl 1 and of programmed cell death by the Hox protein MAB 5 and by CEH 20, a C elegans homolog of Pbx1
... How mutations in lin-39 and mab-5 determine cell death or survival is not yet known. Characterization of mab-5 mutants suggests that mab-5 function is necessary but not sufficient to specify programmed cell death of the ...
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CHAPTER 17 Mnisi Phylum Annelida.pdf
... Nervous system – double ventral nerve cord & pair of ganglia, lateral nerves in each memebrane; brain: pair of dorsal cerebral ganglia with connectives to nerve cord Sensory sy[r] ...
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Sensory Systems in the Swimmerets of the Crayfish Cherax Destructor and their Effectiveness in Entraining the Swimmeret Rhythm
... Since the stretch receptor complex can entrain the rhythm of the deafferented ventral nerve cord and, at least in Cherax, the ssr does not contribute a sensory signal during passive swim[r] ...
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Cockroach giant interneurones stained by cobalt backfilling of dissected axons
... Each giant interneurone possesses a cell body, neurite and dendrites within the sixth abdominal ganglion and also has a giant axon which ascends the ventral nerve cord Harris & Smyth, 19[r] ...
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Expression and functional characterization of adrosophila neuropeptide precursor with homology to mammalian preprotachykinin A
... Expression Pattern of the DTK Prohormone—The central nervous system and the intestines of dipteran insects are known to be rich sources of tachykinin-related peptides; and therefore, these tissues, along with 0 –24-h ...
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Expression of the pair-rule gene homologs runt, Pax3/7, even-skipped-1 and even-skipped-2 during larval and juvenile development of the polychaete annelid Capitella teleta does not support a role in segmentation
... Comparison of eve expression patterns across bilaterian animals reveals several common expression domains. In annelids, eve is expressed in the growth zone during pos- terior growth of C. teleta and H. robusta, and in ...
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Antibodies against conserved amidated neuropeptide epitopes enrich the comparative neurobiology toolbox
... the ventral nerve cord (Figure ...the ventral nerve cord in older stages of Capitella (Figure ...two nerve fibres in the cili- ated foot (Figure 5E, ...
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Genetic Interactions Between UNC-17/VAChT and a Novel Transmembrane Protein in Caenorhabditis elegans
... Figure 5 The sup-1(e995) mutation restores the synaptic abundance of UNC-17 in unc-17(e245) mutants. (A – D) Confocal images of heads of young adult hermaphrodites stained with a monoclonal antibody to UNC-17 (mAb1403; ...
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Complex Locomotion Behavior Changes Are Induced in Caenorhabditis elegans by the Lack of the Regulatory Leak K+ Channel TWK-7
... the ventral nerve cord of the ...into ventral (V) and dorsal (D) subclasses that innervate the longitudinally aligned ventral and dorsal muscle cells, respectively (White et ...
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