[PDF] Top 20 The Importance of Heterogeneity to the Epidemiology of Tuberculosis

... Medical and demographic factors also strongly influence the extent to which each affected person propagates Mtb infection. Smear-positive adults and particularly those with cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis transmit ... See full document

... bovine tuberculosis infection(Ameni et ...Bovine tuberculosis can be controlled and eliminated from a country or region by implementing the test and slaughter policy (Kremer, ...the importance of ... See full document

... isolates with identical DNA fingerprint patterns, especially when they consist of multiple IS6110 hybridizing bands, are epidemiologically closely related (17). However, it was also concluded from previous studies that a ... See full document

... molecular epidemiology studies of TB (18), we considered that the sum of all clustered patients rather than clustering index was more appropriate for our study, which aimed to estimate the number of persons ... See full document

... The importance of prioritizing young pediatric contacts for evaluation in contact investigations 23 is underscored by our finding that more than one-third of the children in the observational study were diagnosed ... See full document

... less importance when it is being used as a secondary typing technique (applying the technique to relatively small groups of isolates that have already been shown to be indistinguishable by the primary technique in ... See full document

... continued importance in the epidemiology of bovine ...that tuberculosis is rarely transmitted to neighbouring ...the importance of the introduction of infection through purchases of ... See full document

... substantial heterogeneity in the bacterial load, size and inflammatory profile between granulomatous lesions within a single host based on recent non-human primate studies [61 ... See full document

... substantial heterogeneity in the bacterial load, size and inflammatory profile between granulomatous lesions within a single host based on recent non-human primate studies [61 – ... See full document

... the heterogeneity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis populations and the existence of mixed infections are now generally accepted, systematic studies on their relative importance are ...M. ... See full document

... Of the clustered cases, 17.4% had identifiable local epide- miological links, and one cluster with three family members had both foreign-born and U.S.-born persons within the clus- ter. There was another family cluster ... See full document

... of tuberculosis (TB) in foreign-born individuals living in Hamburg, Germany, and to discover in what way foreign-born individuals contribute to the incidence of TB in Hamburg, an in-depth epidemiological study was ... See full document

... For a child to develop TB, they must first be exposed to an infectious case of pulmonary TB, usually, but not always, from an adult. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli must reach the terminal alveoli and then ... See full document

... Using this method, we have identified several epitopes used for expression in BCG, which demonstrated good profile of immunogenicity and protection in the mice model (19,43, Norazmi et al., unpublished data). The same ... See full document

... Our study also found that the proportion of resistance to anti-TB drugs within Beijing strains family was significantly higher than non-Beijing strains family.. This is consistent with p[r] ... See full document

... To confirm that the RFLP is due to restriction fragments that contain IS986, we used the 386-bp BamHI-XhoI fragment located within the insertion element of pRP5000 as a probe for the hyb[r] ... See full document

... While the time series evidence based on small versus large manu- facturing firms paints a compelling picture of the process one would expect to observe if credit conditions play an impor[r] ... See full document

... thirds of diagnosed active-disease cases were re- ported from Missouri’s 3 major metropolitan areas (St Louis, Kansas City, and Springfield) in 2002. In rural areas of Missouri, TB is rare and generally occurs more in ... See full document

... of tuberculosis diagnostics in children: 2: methodological issues for conducting and reporting research evaluations of tuberculosis diagnostics for intrathoracic tuberculosis in children: consensus ... See full document

... the importance of worker and firm characteristics for direct job-to-job transitions using linked employer-employee data for the United ...large heterogeneity both within and between destination ...unobserved ... See full document