[PDF] Top 20 MARINE PROTECTED UNPROTECTED AREAS

... Bank Marine Protected Area experienced at least 2,623 hours of bottom trawling between 2015 and ...The Marine Protected Area has the capacity to store the most carbon of all UK sites – ... See full document

... database comprised 137 417 records of seabird at-sea sightings collected during marine research or Antarctic resupply voyages. Full details of methods used to collect and analyse these data are presented elsewhere ... See full document

... the marine ecosystem and that adequate management is being implemented, it is essential to continue monitoring marine life, as well as other indicators such as water ...multiple marine species such ... See full document

... Stakeholder engagement is a dynamic process that needs to be dialogue-based and include feedback mechanisms that allow stakeholders to assess their engagement. Social auditing, defined as a process that enables an ... See full document

... Overall, shark and ray- focused MPAs were perceived to be mod- erately effective as a tool for shark and ray conservation, and only slightly more effective than regular MPAs. In explaining the reasons behind the ... See full document

... habitat. Protected areas, together with conservation, sustainable use and restoration initiatives in the wider land-and seascape are essential components in national and global biodiversity conservation ... See full document

... between areas persists, thus promoting adaptation and recovery potential (Mumby et ...that protected areas encompass a network of coral in order to augment the potential for recovery from extreme ... See full document

... no-take marine reserves, represent the extreme case of the precautionary approach to managing marine resources ...multiple-use marine areas seek a balance between the need to protect ... See full document

... An additional aim of this thesis was to develop a metric of fish behaviour (flight- initiation distance; FID, which measures how close a diver can approach a fish before it flees) for use as a proxy indicator of poaching ... See full document

... Protected areas around the world vary immensely in terms of purpose, size, management, habitats, and strength of protection (Brown et ...2005). Marine protection is a compar- atively recent ... See full document

... (3) speculative, and (4) survey methods. The results from Thaxter et al. (2012) established that of the 304 studies reviewed, 46% utilized land-based, boat or aerial surveys, 21% using direct tracking, 21% were comprised ... See full document

... assumption underpinning this approach is that minimising total costs to stakeholders will generate the most socially-acceptable plans (e.g. Fernandes et al. 2005). Given that only a single index of cost can be minimised, ... See full document

... Rochet, M.-J., M. Prigent, J. A. Bertrand, A. Carpentier, F. Coppin, J.-P. Delpech, G. Fontenelle, E. Foucher, K. Mahe, E. Rostiaux, and V. M. Trenkel. 2008. Ecosystem trends: evidence for agreement between fishers' ... See full document

... for marine organisms, particularly in relation to the design of marine protected area (MPA) networks (Jones et ...in protected areas and estimating their contribution to sustaining ... See full document

... IS/IT- Information Systems/Information Technology MP As - Marine Protected Areas MSC - Marine Stewardship Council NFIS -National Food Industry Strategy NOIE - National Office for the Inf[r] ... See full document

... and marine protected areas in Costa Rica with the objective of giving the reader contextual information to better understand the subsequent ...the marine realm in particular is in urgent need ... See full document

... Models generally overestimated abundance at the interface. Overestimates and the predicted more gradual decline across the in- terface may be expected as the geostatistical models do not account for context. This may ... See full document

... dimensional forest-like structures on the sea floor, rivalling their tropical cousins in both complexity and size (Freiwald et al 2004, 6). They are found in the cold, dark, nutrient- rich waters of fjords, around ... See full document

... Effectiveness also depends on how the MPA authority influences the behavior of marine users through enforcement and/or compliance. Enforcement and compliance are linked and need to be monitored. Indices to monitor ... See full document

... On the Dutch Continental Shelf, the fisheries are now so intensive that every square metre is trawled, on an average, once to twice a year.. This indicates that the "natural&#[r] ... See full document