Figure 8.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
1) Which letter indicates the bone that has tuberosities that are the strongest parts of the hip bones? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: E
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 195
2) Which letter identifies the anterior superior iliac spine? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: B
3) Which letter indicates a pad of a fibrocartilage known as the pubic symphysis? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 195
4) Which letter indicates the iliac crest? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 195
5) Which letter indicates a deep hemispherical socket where all three pelvic bones intersect? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: C
Figure 8.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
6) Which letter indicates the groove that articulates with the patella? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: E
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 199
7) Which letter indicates the gluteal tuberosity of the femur? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: D
8) Which letter indicates the weakest region of the femur, which may be fractured in a fall? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 199
9) Which letter indicates a depression that is the site where a femoral ligament attaches to the acetabulum? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 199
10) Which letter indicates the greater trochanter of the femur? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: C
Figure 8.3
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. 11) Which letter indicates the greater tubercle of the humerus? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: E
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 189
12) Which letter indicates the fossa where the ulna articulates with the humerus? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: C
13) Which letter indicates the bony landmark of the humerus where the deltoid muscle attaches? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 189
14) Which letter indicates the bony landmark of the humerus that articulates with the head of the radius? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 189
15) Which letter indicates the anterior-most boundary of the intertubercular groove? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 189
16) The coronoid fossa is found on which of the bones listed below? A) radius
B) tibia C) ulna D) humerus Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 190
17) The deltoid tuberosity is found on which of the bones listed below? A) radius
18) The intercondylar eminence is found on which of the bones listed below? A) radius B) tibia C) ulna D) humerus Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 200
19) The trochlear notch is found on which of the bones listed below? A) radius
B) tibia C) ulna D) humerus Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 190
20) The olecranon process is found on which of the bones listed below? A) radius
B) tibia C) ulna D) humerus Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 190
21) The ulnar notch is found on which of the bones listed below? A) radius
B) tibia C) ulna D) humerus Answer: A
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 190
22) The medial malleolus is found on which of the bones listed below? A) radius
B) tibia C) ulna D) humerus Answer: B
23) The styloid process on lateral side of the antebrachium is found on which of the bones listed below? A) radius B) tibia C) ulna D) humerus Answer: A
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 190
24) The bony landmark which is the attachment point for the patellar ligament is found on which of the bones listed below?
A) radius B) tibia C) ulna D) humerus Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 202
25) The coronoid process is found on which of the bones listed below? A) radius
B) tibia C) ulna D) humerus Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 190
26) Which bone is the keystone of the medial arch of the foot? A) calcaneus
B) cuboid C) navicular D) talus Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 204
27) The tallest arch of the foot is the ________ arch. A) medial
B) lateral C) transverse D) intermediate
28) All of these bony landmarks contribute to the pelvic inlet (brim) except the A) sacral promontory.
B) ischial tuberosities. C) arcuate lines on the ilia. D) pubic crests.
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 196
29) Which of the following statements about the patella is false? A) It is roughly triangular in shape.
B) It is a sesamoid bone.
C) It acts to protect the knee joint anteriorly. D) It articulates with the femur, tibia, and fibula. Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 199
30) The acromion of the scapula A) articulates with the humerus.
B) attaches the biceps muscle of the arm. C) is an extension of the scapular spine. D) lies anterior to the coracoid process. Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 187-188
31) The bone of the forearm that directly and functionally articulates with the carpals is the A) ulna.
B) radius. C) humerus. D) lunate. Answer: B
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 192
32) The rotator cuff muscles attach to the humerus at the A) deltoid tuberosity.
B) epicondyles.
C) supracondylar ridges. D) tubercles.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 189
33) The pubic bone is characterized by all of the following except that it A) forms part of the obturator foramen.
B) forms part of the acetabulum.
C) forms part of the greater sciatic notch. D) fuses with the ischium.
Answer: C
34) Which of the following statements about the male pelvis is false? A) The bones are heavier and rougher than in the female.
B) The male pelvis is narrow and deep.
C) The male pubic arch is wider than that of the female. D) The cavity of the true pelvis is smaller in the female. Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 198
35) How is it possible to tell whether an isolated clavicle is the right or left one?
A) The medial end is cone-shaped, the lateral end is flat, and the inferior surface is ridged. B) The lateral end is flat, the medial end is cone-shaped, and the superior surface is curved. C) The medial end is S-shaped, the lateral end is straight, and the superior surface is ridged. D) The coronoid process is on the lateral end, the ridge is on the superior surface, and the socket is in the medial end.
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 186-187
36) The area between the crest of the ilium and the arcuate line is called the A) false pelvis.
B) pelvic inlet. C) pelvic outlet. D) true pelvis. Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 196 37) In anatomical position,
A) the head of the radius is medial to the ulna. B) the radius is lateral to the ulna.
C) the styloid process of the radius is medial to the ulna. D) the ulna is lateral to the radius.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 190
38) The bone of the palm that articulates with the shortest digit is A) metacarpal I.
B) metacarpal II. C) metacarpal III. D) metacarpal V.
39) Which of the following statements concerning the fibula is false? A) It helps stabilize the ankle.
B) It helps stabilize the knee.
C) It is the thinnest of the two leg bones. D) It forms the lateral malleolus.
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 201-202
40) Which of the appendicular foramen listed below is "closed up" and has very few vessels or nerves passing through it?
A) obturator foramen B) olfactory foramen C) foramen lacerum D) foramen magnum Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 197
41) Which of the bones listed below is the "heel" bone? A) hamate
B) talus C) calcaneus D) cuboid Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 202-203
42) Which of the bones listed below is not found a carpal bone? A) cuboid
B) triquetral C) scaphoid D) hamate Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 192
43) Which of the bones listed below is not part of the appendicular skeleton? A) patella
B) femur C) sacrum D) navicular Answer: C
44) Which of these bone combinations represents a pair of pivoting bones? A) tibia and fibula
B) ulna and radius
C) pisiform and triquetrum D) clavicle and scapula Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 191
45) Which border of the scapula is proximal to the vertebral column? A) superior
B) inferior C) lateral D) medial Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 187-188
46) Which of the bones listed below does not articulate with the clavicle? A) scapula
B) rib 1 C) manubrium D) 7th vertebra Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 186-187
47) The anatomical neck of the humerus lies A) proximal to the tubercles.
B) distal to the tubercles. C) beside the deltoid tuberosity. D) near the radial groove. Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 189
48) Which of the bony landmarks listed below is not part of the distal end of the humerus? A) capitulum
B) trochlea
C) intertubercular sulcus D) olecranon fossa Answer: C
50) Which tarsal bone lies directly anterior to the talus? A) lateral cuneiform B) navicular C) cuboid D) calcaneus Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 202
51) What is the cause of carpal tunnel syndrome? A) compression of the carpal bones
B) fibrosis of the interosseous membrane C) compression of the median nerve D) damage to the radioulnar joint Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 194
52) The ischium joins the pubis in the acetabulum and at the A) superior pubic ramus.
B) inferior pubic ramus. C) sacroiliac joint. D) pubic symphysis. Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 195
53) Which of the following bones primarily bears the weight of the body? A) talus
B) navicular C) cuboid D) cuneiforms Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 203
54) The boundaries of the pelvic outlet include all those listed below except the A) ischial tuberosity.
B) sacrum. C) coccyx.
D) gluteal tuberosity. Answer: D
55) As it runs from the hip to the knee, the femur projects ________ as well as inferiorly. A) medially B) anteriorly C) laterally D) posteriorly Answer: A
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 197
56) The pelvic inlet (brim) is widest A) from anterior to posterior. B) from side to side.
C) obliquely.
D) superior to inferior. Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 197
57) The auricular surface of the ilium A) attaches gluteal muscles.
B) forms the lateral borders of the false pelvis. C) forms the sacroiliac joint.
D) lines the interior of the acetabulum. Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 196
58) When an individual "breaks a hip," the most common location of the fracture is the A) acetabulum of the os coxa.
B) diaphysis of the femur. C) iliac crest of the os coxa. D) neck of the femur. Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 197 59) The fibula
A) articulates with the femur.
B) crosses the tibia when the leg is rotated. C) forms the lateral border of the knee joint. D) stabilizes the ankle joint.
Answer: D
61) All of these bones are in the proximal row of four carpal bones except the A) scaphoid. B) triquetral. C) pisiform. D) trapezoid. Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 192
62) The supraspinous fossa is in the ________ region of the scapula. A) anterosuperior
B) anteroinferior C) posterosuperior D) posteroinferior Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 187-188
63) The bony landmark at the lateral angle of the scapula is the A) suprascapular notch.
B) glenoid cavity. C) spine.
D) acromion. Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 187-188
64) The ischium has all of these features listed below except the A) ischial tuberosity.
B) ischial spine. C) body.
D) superior ramus. Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 196
65) Which of these bones of the appendicular skeleton are unpaired? A) humerus
B) clavicle C) os coxae
D) None; all appendicular bones are paired. Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 185-186
66) All of the bones of the digits are collectively known as A) phalanges.
B) tarsals. C) carpals. D) metacarpals. Answer: A
67) The fibula has all of the following features except the A) head.
B) inferior tibiofibular joint (facet). C) medial malleolus.
D) lateral malleolus. Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 200
68) Which of the statements below regarding the metatarsals is false? A) They are numbered 1-5 from lateral to medial, just like the metacarpals. B) They articulate proximally to the cuneiforms and cuboid.
C) They contribute to the three arches of the feet. D) They support some of the body's weight. Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 203
69) All of these statements regarding the acetabulum are true except A) The acetabulum is where the three pelvic bones intersect.
B) The acetabulum participates in the hip joint. C) The acetabulum is cup-shaped.
D) The acetabulum articulates with the sacrum. Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 194-195 70) The clavicle functions to
A) transmit compression forces from the upper limb to the axial skeleton. B) protect the lungs.
C) allow the arm to extend further for reaching.
D) provide balance for the scapula on the other side of the body. Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 187
71) By anatomical definition the leg extends from the A) back (including the pelvis) to the tips of the toes. B) the top of the femur to the ankle.
C) acetabulum to the metatarsals. D) knee to the ankle.
Answer: D
73) The bone that has a trochlear notch, an olecranon process, and a coronoid process is the A) tibia. B) radius. C) ulna. D) femur. Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 190-191
74) The bone that has a trochlea, a capitulum, and a greater tubercle is the A) tibia.
B) femur. C) humerus. D) fibula. Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 187, 190
75) These three tarsal bones lie just distal to the navicular are the A) cuneiforms.
B) cuboids. C) trapezoids. D) naviculars. Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 202 8.2 True/False Questions
1) The coracoid process of the scapula articulates with the clavicle. Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 186
2) The metacarpus is the palm of the hand. Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 192
3) The thumb has no middle phalanx. Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 192
4) The posterior inferior iliac spine is superior to the ischial spine. Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 195
5) The subscapular fossa lies inferior to the spine and faces posteriorly. Answer: FALSE
6) The proximal end of the fibula is the lateral malleolus. Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 200, 202
7) The tibia articulates distally with the trochlea of the talus. Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 203
8) As one ages, the upper-lower (UL) body ratio changes from about 1.7:1 at birth to 1:1 at puberty.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 205
9) The greater and lesser tubercles are sites of muscle attachment on the proximal lateral aspect of the femur.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 189
10) The calcaneal tuberosity is the region of the foot that makes contact with the ground while walking.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 202
11) The distal end of the ulna is the olecranon process. Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 190
12) The apex of the patella points distally. Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 199
13) The pubic symphysis is a pad of hyaline cartilage between the two pubic bones. Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 197
14) The ischium forms the posteroinferior region of the pelvic girdle. Answer: TRUE
8.3 Short Answer Questions
1) The pectoral girdle consists of the clavicle and the ________. Answer: scapula
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 186
2) When examining the clavicle, one would find the ________ tubercle at the acromial end. Answer: conoid
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 186-187
3) In anatomical position, the ________ is the most lateral bone in the leg. Answer: fibula
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 200
4) In the wrist, lateral to the lunate is the scaphoid, and medial to the lunate is the ________. Answer: triquetrum
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 192
5) When the forearm is flexed at the elbow, the coronoid process of the ulna fits into the ________ fossa of the humerus.
Answer: coronoid Diff: 2 Page Ref: 190
6) The large processes on the proximal end of the humerus are called tubercles, but the similar landmarks on the femur are called ________.
Answer: trochanters Diff: 2 Page Ref: 199
7) The ________ is the tarsal bone lateral to the navicular. Answer: cuboid
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 202
8) At the distal humerus, the trochlea articulates with the ________. Answer: ulna
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 190
9) Most fingers and toes have a proximal, a middle, and a ________ phalanx. Answer: distal
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 192
10) When you sit cross-legged for a while on a hard surface, your "rear end" hurts because you have been distributing weight directly over your bony ________ tuberosities.
Answer: ischial
11) The ________ spine lies between the greater and lesser sciatic notches. Answer: ischial
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 195
12) The ________ ligaments run from each lateral surface of the sacrum to the ischial tuberosities to hold the pelvis together.
Answer: sacrotuberous Diff: 3 Page Ref: 196
13) The head of the femur has a ________, from which a ligament extends that attaches to the inner surface of the acetabulum.
Answer: fovea capitis Diff: 2 Page Ref: 197
14) An interosseous membrane is found between the tibia and the ________ in the lower extremity.
Answer: fibula
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 200
15) The pelvic girdle consists of the paired ________. Answer: coxal bones
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 194 8.4 Essay Questions
1) What are the anatomical differences between male and female athletes that result in a greater incidence of knee problems for women?
Answer: The femur courses medially along its length toward the knee; because of the wider pelvis in women, this angle is even more pronounced. This results in a greater angle between the femur and the tibia, which is nearly vertical in position and leads to greater instability at the joint.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 197
2) Describe some of the anatomical characteristics of the female pelvis that are adaptations for childbearing.
Answer: The female pelvis is typically wider, shallower, and lighter to provide more room in the true pelvis, through which the infant must pass during childbirth. The pubic arch is broader as well, reflecting the wider pelvis. The pelvis itself is tilted forward and has a larger enclosed cavity.
3) Identify the heads and all the notches of the radius and ulna, and explain how these bones articulate with each other and with the humerus.
Answer: The radius has an ulnar notch at its distal end that articulates with the head of the ulna. The proximal end of the ulna has a radial notch that articulates with the head of the radius. The head of the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus. The trochlear notch of the ulna articulates with the trochlea of the humerus.
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 190-191
4) Describe carpal tunnel syndrome.
Answer: Carpal tunnel syndrome results from entrapment and/or compression of nerves passing through the carpal tunnel, on the anterior surface of the wrist. The median nerve is the primary nerve involved. When it is compressed, numbness, tingling, and weakness of the fingers ensues. Carpal tunnel syndrome is among a group of conditions called repetitive stress injuries.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 194
5) Describe two anatomical characteristics of the glenohumeral joint that contribute to the high degree of mobility at the shoulder.
Answer: The scapula and upper limb are attached to the axial skeleton only by the clavicle; the scapula itself does not articulate with the axial skeleton. This allows the scapula to move freely over the thorax. Additionally, the humerus articulates with the essentially flat glenoid cavity, allowing for free rotation of the arm.
Human Anatomy, 7e (Marieb/Mitchell/Smith) Chapter 9 Joints
9.1 Multiple Choice Questions
Figure 9.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
1) Which letter indicates a ligament that connects bone to bone and is external to the joint capsule? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E
2) Which letter indicates an articulating surface that is comprised of hyaline cartilage? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 212
3) Which letter indicates the fibrous layer of the articular capsule of this synovial joint? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 212
4) Which letter indicates the joint/articular cavity that contains a small amount of synovial fluid? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 212
5) Which letter indicates the layer of the articular capsule that is the most highly vascularized? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: E
Figure 9.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. 6) Which letter indicates an example of an interphalangeal joint? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: E
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 222
8) Which letter indicates the proximal articulation between the tibia and fibula and is a diarthrotic plane joint?
A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 222
9) Which letter indicates an articulation, that in addition to the pubic symphysis, becomes slightly amphiarthrotic during pregnancy?
A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 222
10) Which letter on the diagram indicates a modified hinge joint? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: C
Figure 9.3
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
11) Which letter indicates a synovial, diarthrotic, hinge type of joint? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 221
12) Which letter indicates the joint that is made more stable by the glenoid labrum? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: A
13) Which letter indicates the knuckle or metacarpophalangeal joint,which is a diarthrotic joint? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: E
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 221
14) Which letter indicates the distal articulation between the radius and ulna? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 221
15) Which letter indicates a synovial, diarthrotic, saddle type of joint? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 221
16) Which of these joints would be best described as having a number of bursae, tendon sheaths, an acromion process, and a coracoid process?
A) elbow joint B) shoulder joint C) sternoclavicular joint D) hip joint