This topic identifies cloud computing deployment models.
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NIST Deployment Models Description
Public cloud IT resources and services offered to multiple organizations over public Internet
Private cloud IT resources and services offered to customers within a single organization
Hybrid cloud Federation, automation, and cooperative integration between public and private cloud services
Community cloud Cloud services offered to a well-defined user base, such as a geographic region or industry
Virtual private cloud Cloud services that simulate private cloud experience in public infrastructure
As mentioned, cloud computing is not very well-defined in terms of standards, yet there are trends and activities towards defining common cloud computing solutions.
The NIST also defines the cloud computing deployment models with five categories: public, private, hybrid, community, and virtual private.
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• IT resources and services of customer premises sold with cloud computing qualities:
- Self-service
- Pay-as-you-go billing
- On-demand provisioning
- Appearance of infinite scalability
- Limited customer control
Customer #1
IT Systems
Public Cloud
Customer #n
IT Systems
A public cloud can offer IT resources and services that are sold with cloud computing qualities, such as self-service, pay-as-you-go billing, on-demand provisioning, and the appearance of infinite scalability.
Here are some examples of cloud-based offerings:
n Cisco WebEx TelePresence
n Google services and applications such as Google Docs and Gmail
n Amazon web services and the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2)
n Salesforce.com cloud-based customer relationship management (CRM)
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• Enterprise IT infrastructure with cloud computing qualities:
- Self-service
- Resource usage showback
- On-demand provisioning
- Appearance of infinite scalability
• You can consolidate, virtualize, and automate data center resources with provisioning and cost-metering interfaces to enable self-service IT consumption.
Customer
Internal IT Systems and Network Private Cloud
A private cloud is an enterprise IT infrastructure that is managed with cloud computing qualities, such as self-service, resource usage showback (that is, internal resources usage metering and reporting per-user), on-demand provisioning, and the appearance of infinite scalability.
The private clouds have the following characteristics:
n Consolidated, virtualized, and automated existing data center resources
n Provisioning and usage-metering interfaces to enable self-service IT consumption
n Targeted at one or two noncritical application systems
When a company decides to use a private cloud service, the private cloud scales by pooling IT resources under a single cloud operating system or management platform. It can support up to thousands of applications and services. Such solutions will enable new architectures to target very large-scale activities.
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Internal Resources External Resources
All cloud resources are owned by or dedicated to
the enterprise
All cloud resources are owned by providers and used by many customers
Private Cloud Hybrid Cloud Public Cloud
Ownership Cloud definition and governance is controlled by the enterprise Cloud definition and governance is controlled by the provider Control Interoperability and portability between public and private
cloud systems Customer Internal IT Systems and Network Private Cloud Public Cloud Public IT Systems
The intersection between the private and public cloud is the hybrid cloud, which provides a way to interconnect the private and public cloud, running IT services and applications partially in the private and partially in the public cloud.
A hybrid cloud links disparate cloud computing infrastructures (that is, enterprise private cloud with service provider public cloud) with each other by connecting their individual management infrastructures and allowing the exchange of resources.
The hybrid cloud can enable these actions:
n Disparate cloud environments can leverage other cloud-system resources.
n The “federation” can occur across data center and organization boundaries with cloud internetworking.
The characteristics and aspects of a hybrid cloud are those of a private and public cloud, such as limited customer control for the public part, the ability to meter and report on resource usage, and the ability to understand the cost of public resources.
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A virtual private cloud is a service offering that allows enterprises to create and use their private clouds on infrastructure services that are provided by the service provider:
• Leverage services of third-party IaaS providers
• Virtualize trust boundaries through cloud internetworking standards and services
• Access vendor billing and management tools through a private cloud management system Customer Private IT Systems and Network Public Cloud
A virtual private cloud is a service offering that allows enterprises to create their private clouds on the public infrastructure (that is, a public cloud that is provided by the service provider). The closed-cloud service provider enables the enterprises to perform these activities:
n Leverage virtual port channel (vPC) services that are offered by third-party Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) providers
n Virtualize trust boundaries through cloud internetworking standards and services
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An open cloud is a federation of similar infrastructures offered by different service providers:
• Open, on-demand infrastructure services • Intercloud standards and services
• Standards for consolidated application and service management, and billing
• Decouple one-to-one business relationships with service providers
Public Cloud #1 Public Cloud #2 Public Cloud #n Customer IT Systems Customer IT Systems Customer IT Systems Customer IT Systems
The largest and most scalable cloud computing system—the open cloud—is a service provider infrastructure that allows a federation with a similar infrastructure offered by other providers. Enterprises can choose freely among participants, and service providers can leverage other provider infrastructures to manage exceptional loads on their own offerings.
A federation will link disparate cloud computing infrastructures with each other by connecting their individual management infrastructures and allowing the exchange of resources and the aggregation of management and billing streams.
The federation can enable these options:
n Disparate cloud environments can leverage other cloud-system resources.
n The federation can occur across data center and organization boundaries with cloud internetworking.
n The federation can provide unified metering and billing and “one-stop” self-service provisioning.