4 Integrated membrane operations in citrus processing
4.7 Concluding remarks
The possibility to realize integrated membrane systems in which all the steps of the productive cycle are based on molecular membrane separations is considered today to be a valid approach for a sustainable industrial growth within the PI strategy.
The integration of different membrane operations, or in combination with tra-ditional separation units, offers significant advantages in terms of product quality, energy consumption, plant compactness, environmental impact, recovery of water and high added-value compounds.
In this chapter the combination of different membrane operations in citrus pro-duction has been presented in order to illustrate its effect on the juice quality and the recovery of high added-value compounds from citrus by-products. Figure 4.8 shows how the traditional flow sheet of the blood orange juice processing can be redesi-gned through the implementation of an integrated membrane process. The propo-sed process for the production of highly nutritional concentrated juice is bapropo-sed on the preliminary clarification of the squeezed juice by UF followed by a concentration
UF
Figure 4.8: Integrated membrane process in the industrial transformation of blood oranges
4.8 References 109
step by OD. The fractionation of the orange press liquor through an integrated UF/NF process leads to a solution enriched in phenolic compounds thatcan be employed as an industrial colorant or as formulations of pharmaceutical and nutraceutical inte-rest.
Advantages of membrane clarification and concentration processes over conven-tional techniques have been successfully demonstrated. Although today fruit juice concentration by membranes may be more expensive than evaporation, with the enlargement of the world ’ s fruit juice market and the demand for product quality, commercial applications of membrane processes in concentrated citrus juice proces-sing will expand in the near future.
In addition, the utilization of low-cost raw materials, such as citrus wastes, com-bined with mild technologies, including membrane operations, is expected to offer significant economical and environmental advantages.
Research efforts related to the preparation of new membranes both highly selec-tive and permeable, or robust and stable in long-term applications as well as improve-ments of process engineering including module and process design, are expected to fuel the growth of this technology in citrus juice processing.
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