• No results found

Conclusion

In document KKLT an overview (Page 49-53)

To conclude we have discussed in chapter 3 a construction proposed by Kachru Kallosh Linde and Trivedi to recover a de Sitter vacuum in super- gravity. Which consisted of formulating a stabilized anti-de-Sitter vacuum and adding an anti-brane, which broke supersymmetry and provided an uplift to the vacuum. This resulted in a de Sitter vacuum. We discussed the main assumptions made during this construction an analysed the sta- bility of the resulting vacuum.

In chapter 4 we saw that this construction is not without flaws. In the 17 years since it’s proposal alterations have been constructed tweaking the model here and there but fundamentally these remain the same model. Extensive examination of the model showed many a priori problems with the construction. However all of these augmentations and no-go theorems have been found to miss certain subtleties or remain dependent on the in- ability to formulate an explicit example. The later therefor we found to be the main challenge left for the construction. There is however not a clear method to proceed in this direction. And there for it would be presump- tuous to simply call it a technical detail as some authors have argued. As with all open questions it remains impossible to predict what we might find along the way. But even if it turns out that due one reason or an other the KKLT construction does not work the debate about the model has al- ready provided numerous insights in to the deeper workings of string the- ory models applicable beyond attempted cosmological models.

In conclusion we have found no clear answer to the question of whether the Kachru Kallosh Linde Trivedi model provides a de Sitter space in su- pergravity. But we have gained some insight in to the obstacles to find a conclusive answer to this question.

the cosmological constant problem in string theory using the KKLT con- struction. There are other potential methods, such as the large volume scenario, which could provide an alternative should KKLT be found to be invalid, but these we have not discussed.

[1] E. Witten, “String theory dynamics in various dimensions,” Nuclear Physics B, vol. 443, pp. 85–126, Jun 1995.

[2] M. Dine and N. Seiberg, “Is the superstring weakly coupled?,”Physics Letters B, vol. 162, no. 4, pp. 299 – 302, 1985.

[3] D. Baumann and L. McAllister,Inflation and String Theory. Cambridge Monographs on Mathematical Physics, Cambridge University Press, 2015.

[4] S. Kachru, R. Kallosh, A. Linde, and S. P. Trivedi, “de sitter vacua in string theory,” 2003.

[5] B. Zwiebach, String Theory - Barton Zwiebach,

2018. https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=

PLaNkJORnlhZlVh7rwdGCRypcFqgV9JWUY.

[6] J. Polchinski,String theory. Vol. 2: Superstring theory and beyond. Cam- bridge Monographs on Mathematical Physics, Cambridge University Press, 2007.

[7] S. Gukov, C. Vafa, and E. Witten, “Cft’s from calabi-yau four-folds,”

Nuclear Physics B, vol. 584, pp. 69–108, Sep 2000.

[8] T. R. Taylor and C. Vafa, “Rr flux on calabi-yau and partial supersym- metry breaking,”Physics Letters B, vol. 474, pp. 130–137, Feb 2000. [9] S. B. Giddings, S. Kachru, and J. Polchinski, “Hierarchies from fluxes

in string compactifications,”Phys. Rev. D, vol. 66, p. 106006, Nov 2002. [10] P. Candelas and X. de la Ossa, “Moduli Space of Calabi-Yau Mani-

[11] E. Witten, “Non-perturbative superpotentials in string theory,” Nu- clear Physics B, vol. 474, pp. 343–360, Aug 1996.

[12] S. Kachru, J. Pearson, and H. Verlinde, “Brane/flux annihilation and the string dual of a non-supersymmetric field theory,”Journal of High Energy Physics, vol. 2002, pp. 021–021, Jun 2002.

[13] S. R. Coleman and F. De Luccia, “Gravitational Effects on and of Vac- uum Decay,”Phys. Rev., vol. D21, p. 3305, 1980.

[14] G. W. Gibbons and S. W. Hawking, “Action integrals and partition functions in quantum gravity,” Phys. Rev. D, vol. 15, pp. 2752–2756, May 1977.

[15] G. W. Gibbons and S. W. Hawking, “Cosmological event hori- zons, thermodynamics, and particle creation,” Phys. Rev. D, vol. 15, pp. 2738–2751, May 1977.

[16] J. P. Conlon, F. Quevedo, and K. Suruliz, “Large-volume flux com- pactifications: moduli spectrum and d3/d7 soft supersymmetry breaking,”Journal of High Energy Physics, vol. 2005, pp. 007–007, Aug 2005.

[17] L. McAllister,de Sitter space in string theory, 2019. https://youtu.be/

0lQQqwiu3YU.

[18] J. Moritz, A. Retolaza, and A. Westphal, “Toward de sitter space from ten dimensions,”Physical Review D, vol. 97, Feb 2018.

[19] F. F. Gautason, V. V. Hemelryck, and T. V. Riet, “The tension between 10d supergravity and ds uplifts,” 2018.

[20] R. Kallosh, A. Linde, E. McDonough, and M. Scalisi, “de sitter vacua with a nilpotent superfield,”Fortschritte der Physik, vol. 67, p. 1800068, Oct 2018.

[21] J. Moritz, A. Retolaza, and A. Westphal, “On uplifts by warped anti- d3-branes,”Fortschritte der Physik, vol. 67, p. 1800098, Nov 2018. [22] R. Kallosh, A. Linde, E. McDonough, and M. Scalisi, “4d models of

de sitter uplift,”Physical Review D, vol. 99, Feb 2019.

[24] M. R. Douglas, J. Shelton, and G. Torroba, “Warping and supersym- metry breaking,” 2007.

[25] K. Dasgupta, M. Emelin, M. M. Faruk, and R. Tatar, “de sitter vacua in the string landscape,” 2019.

[26] F. Denef, M. R. Douglas, and B. Florea, “Building a better racetrack,”

Journal of High Energy Physics, vol. 2004, pp. 034–034, Jun 2004.

[27] M. Haack, D. Krefl, D. L ˜AŒst, A. V. Proeyen, and M. Zagermann,

“Gaugino condensates and d-terms from d7-branes,”Journal of High

Energy Physics, vol. 2007, pp. 078–078, Jan 2007.

[28] I. R. Klebanov and M. J. Strassler, “Supergravity and a confining

gauge theory: duality cascades and χsb-resolution of naked singu-

larities,” Journal of High Energy Physics, vol. 2000, pp. 052–052, Aug 2000.

[29] N. Cribiori, C. Roupec, T. Wrase, and Y. Yamada, “Supersymmetric anti-d3-brane action in the kachru-kallosh-linde-trivedi setup,”Phys- ical Review D, vol. 100, 09 2019.

[30] D. Cohen-Maldonado, J. Diaz, and F. F. Gautason, “Polarised an- tibranes from Smarr relations,”JHEP, vol. 05, p. 175, 2016.

In document KKLT an overview (Page 49-53)

Related documents