Conclusion - Resting-state functional connectivity in the brain and its relation to language de

In this thesis, the rs-fMRI technique was employed to investigate the functional brain connectivity and its relation to language processing in typically developing children. The first

study reported children’s performance in comprehending sentences with different word orders and its correlation with intrinsic functional connectivity within the language network. Behaviorally, 5-year-olds are able to understand relatively complex sentences. Although children at this age are still in the process of developing their ability to parse complex syntax, they can make use of semantic information in sentences to comprehend complex syntactic information as shown in a neurocognitive model of language development (Skeide & Friederici, 2016). The ability to process syntactically complex sentences in children is related to the functional connection between left IFG and left posterior STG/STS in the resting brain, suggesting this connection serving as a predictor of processing complex sentences in young children. The second study reported the developmental changes in functional connectivity over a one-year period and their relevance to the concurrent language development. This study further confirmed the importance of the frontal-to-temporal connection in the left perisylvian regions, which was found to be related to greater advancement in children’s language abilities. The coupling of RSFC between left IFG and left posterior STG/STS observed in these two studies corroborates and enriches the neurocognitive model of language development from the perspective of rs-fMRI studies. According to this model, the selective connectivity between IFG and posterior STG in the left hemisphere is associated with enhanced ability to process complex syntax information in children (Skeide & Friederici, 2016); however, the findings in this thesis reveal that this connectivity is also related to complex sentence processing in 5-year-old children and greater advancement in language development. In summary, this thesis presented first studies describing the relationship between the intrinsic brain activity and language processing in typically developing children. These findings provide new insights into the intrinsic language network and its relation to the language processing and development as the brain matures.

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