Sun Qi; Spiegelman Donna; van Dam Rob M.; Miet al. White Rice, Brown Rice, and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in US Men and Women. Arch Intern Med. 2010;170(11):961-969.
Sun JK, Keenan HA, Cavallerano JD, et al. Protection from retinopathy and other complications in patients with type 1 diabetes of extreme duration: the joslin 50-year medalist study. Diabetes Care. 2011 Apr;34(4):968-74. Sundstrom J, et al. Clinical value of the metabolic syndrome for long term prediction of total and cardiovascular mortality: prospective, population based cohort study. BMJ. 2006 Apr 15;332(7546):878-82. Epub 2006 Mar 1.
Tang T, Lord JM, Norman RJ, et al. Insulin-sensitising drugs (metformin, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, D-chiro-inositol) for women with polycystic ovary syndrome, oligo amenorrhoea and subfertility. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Oct 7;(4):CD003053. In agreement with the previous review, metformin is still of benefit in improving clinical pregnancy and ovulation rates.
Teeuw WJ, Gerdes VE, Loos BG. Effect of periodontal treatment on glycemic control of diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care. 2010 Feb;33(2):421-7.
Tieu J, Middleton P, McPhee AJ, Crowther CA. Screening & subsequent management for gestational diabetes for improving maternal and infant health.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Jul 7;7:CD007222. There was insufficient evidence to
determine if screening for gestational diabetes, or what types ofscreening, can improve maternal and infant health outcomes.
Ting RZ, et al. Risk factors of vitamin B12 deficiency in patients receiving metformin. Arch Intern Med. 2006 Oct 9;166(18):1975-9. Our results indicate an increased risk of vitamin B(12) deficiency associated with current dose and duration of metformin use despite adjustment for many potential confounders
Tirosh A, Shai I, Tekes-Manova D, et al.; Israeli Diabetes Research Group. Normal fasting plasma glucose levels and type 2 diabetes in young men. N Engl J Med. 2005 Oct 6;353(14):1454-62. TheHeart.org: Steno-2 news release: http://www.theheart.org/article/842047.do#
TheHeart.org: ACCORD – intensive glucose control arm halted early - news release: http://www.theheart.org/article/842113.do
Thomas D, Elliott EJ. Low glycaemic index, or low glycaemic load, diets for diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Jan 21;(1):CD006296. A low-GI diet can improve glycaemic control in diabetes without compromising hypoglycaemic events. Tirosh A et al. Adolescent BMI trajectory and risk of diabetes versus coronary disease. N Engl J Med 2011 Apr 7; 364:1315.
Tobias DK, Zhang C, van Dam RM, Bowers K, Hu FB. Physical activity before and during pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Care. 2011 Jan;34(1):223-9.
Tocci G, Paneni F, Palano F, et al. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers and Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis of Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials. Am J Hypertens. 2011 May;24(5):582-90. Tolman KG, Freston JW, Kupfer S, Perez A. Liver Safety in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Treated with Pioglitazone: Results from a 3-Year, Randomized, Comparator-Controlled Study in the US. Drug Saf. 2009;32(9):787-800. Tom WL, et al. The effect of short-contact topical tretinoin therapy for foot ulcers in patients with diabetes. Arch Dermatol. 2005 Nov;141(11):1373-7. (InfoPOEMs: This small study provides some support for a daily 10-minute application of 0.05% topical tretinoin to diabetic ulcers. (LOE = 1b-) )
Torpy Janet M., Golub Robert M.. Diabetes patient page. JAMA. 2011;305(24):2592.doi:10.1001/jama.2011.741. Treatment Guidelines: Drugs for Diabetes. The Medical Letter: August, 2005; (3) pp. 57-62.
Tzoulaki Ioanna, Molokhia Mariam, Curcin Vasa, et al. Risk of cardiovascular disease and all cause mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes prescribed oral antidiabetes drugs: retrospective cohort study using UK general practice research database. BMJ 2009;339:b4731, doi: 10.1136/bmj.b4731 (Published 3 December 2009)
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Valdes AM, Andrew T, Gardner JP, Kimura M, Oelsner E, Cherkas LF, Aviv A, Spector TD. Obesity, cigarette smoking, and telomere length in women. Lancet. 2005 Aug 20-26;366(9486):662-4.
van Dam RM, Hu FB. Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes. A systematic review. JAMA 2005; 294:97-104. (InfoPOEMs Habitual coffee drinking is associated with a reduced risk for type 2 diabetes. The lowest risk reduction occurred among individuals consuming 6 or more cups of filtered coffee daily. Decaffeinated and caffeinated brews are equally effective. (LOE = 2a-): )
Van de Laar FA, Lucassen PL, Akkermans RP, et al. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005 Apr 18;(2):CD003639 & ACP Journal Club . AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: It remains unclear whether alpha- glucosidase inhibitors influence mortality or morbidity in patients with type 2 diabetes. Conversely, they have a significant effect on glycemic control and insulin levels, but no statistically significant effect on lipids and body weight. These effects are less sure when alpha-glucosidase inhibitors are used for a longer duration. Acarbose dosages higher than 50 mg TID offer no additional effect on glycated hemoglobin but more adverse effects instead. Compared to sulphonylurea, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors lower fasting and post-load insulin levels and have an inferior profile regarding glycemic control and adverse effects.
van der Heijden AA, Ortegon MM, Niessen LW, et al. Prediction of coronary heart disease risk in a general, pre-diabetic, and diabetic population during 10 years of follow-up: accuracy of the Framingham, SCORE, and UKPDS risk functions: The Hoorn Study. Diabetes Care. 2009 Nov;32(11):2094-8. The use of the Framingham function for prediction of the first CHD event is likely to overestimate an individual`s absolute CHD risk. In CHD prevention, application of the SCORE and UKPDS functions might be useful in the absence of a more valid tool.
RIO-Europe study. Lancet. 2005 Apr 16-22;365(9468):1389-97. Erratum in: Lancet. 2005 Jul 30-Aug 5;366(9483):370.
Vetter ML, Cardillo S, Rickels MR, Iqbal N. Narrative review: effect of bariatric surgery on type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med. 2009 Jan 20;150(2):94-103. Vijan Sandeep. In the Clinic: Type 2 Diabetes. Ann Intern Med March 2, 2010 152:ITC3-1; doi:10.1059/0003-4819-152-5-201003020-01003.
Vause TD, Cheung AP, Sierra S, Claman P, Graham J, Guillemin JA, Lapensée L, Steward S, Wong BC. Ovulation induction in polycystic ovary syndrome. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2010 May;32(5):495-502. Ovulation Induction in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome SOGC-2010 http://sogc.org/guidelines/documents/gui242CPG1005E.pdf
Wadden TA, Berkowitz RI, Womble LG, et al. Randomized trial: lifestyle modification & pharmacotherapy for obesity. N Engl J Med 2005;353:2111-20. Combo of sibutramine & group lifestyle modifications resulted in more weight loss (12.1 kg at 1yr) then either alone. Wahrenberg H, Hertel K, Leijonhufvud BM, Persson LG, Toft E, Arner P. Use of waist circumference to predict insulin resistance: retrospective study. BMJ. 2005 Jun 11;330(7504):1363-4. Epub 2005 Apr 15.
Walker EA, et al. Adherence to preventive medications: predictors and outcomes in the Diabetes Prevention Program. Diabetes Care. 2006 Sep;29(9):1997-2002.
Wang Amy T, McCoy Christopher P, Murad Mohammad Hassan, Montori Victor M. Association between industry affiliation and position on cardiovascular risk with rosiglitazone: cross sectional systematic review. BMJ 2010;340:c1344, doi: 10.1136/bmj.c1344 (Published 18 March 2010).
Wannamethee SG, Shaper AG, Lennon L, Morris RW. Metabolic Syndrome vs Framingham Risk Score for Prediction of Coronary Heart Disease, Stroke, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Arch Intern Med. 2005 Dec 26;165(22):2644-50. Wannamethee S. Goya; Shaper A. Gerald; Whincup Peter H.; et al. Impact of Diabetes on Cardiovascular Disease Risk and All-Cause Mortality in Older Men: Influence of Age at Onset, Diabetes Duration, and Established and Novel Risk Factors. Arch Intern Med. 2011;171(5):404-410.
Wasko MC, Hubert HB, Lingala VB, et al. Hydroxychloroquine and risk of diabetes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. JAMA. 2007 Jul 11;298(2):187-93.
Waugh N, Cummins E, Royle P, et al. Newer agents for blood glucose control (glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue exenatide; dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors sitagliptin and vildagliptin; the long-acting insulin analogues, glargine and detemir) in type 2 diabetes: systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess. 2010 Jul;14(36):1-248.
Waugh N, Royle P, Clar C, et al. Screening for hyperglycaemia in pregnancy: a rapid update for the National Screening Committee. Health Technol Assess. 2010 Sep;14(45):1-183. The evidence base has improved since the last HTA review in 2002. There is now good evidence for treatment of oral drugs instead of insulin and it looks increasingly as if FPG could be the test of choice.
Welschen LM, Bloemendal E, Nijpels G, Dekker JM, Heine RJ, Stalman WA, Bouter LM. Self-monitoring of blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes who are not using insulin. Diabetes Care 2005; 28:1510-17. (InfoPOEMs: Intensive monitoring of blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes not using insulin results in a small decrease in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels but does not change fasting blood glucose levels. Urine glucose monitoring works just as well. More casual monitoring of blood glucose, such as once a day, has not been studied. There is a strong possibility that the weak study design was largely responsible for the difference seen in the study. Blood glucose monitoring is expensive: At the intense level of monitoring used in some of these studies (6 times a day), the cost of the monitoring strips alone can be $2000 US per year. (LOE = 1a) )
Wen CP, et al. Increased mortality risks of pre-diabetes (impaired fasting glucose) in Taiwan. Diabetes Care. 2005 Nov;28(11):2756-61. CONCLUSIONS: There was an overall J-shaped relationship between all-cause mortality and FBG. IFG, when defined as 110-125 mg/dl, is an independent risk factor and should be aggressively treated as a disease because its subsequent mortality risks for CVD and diabetes were significantly increased. The newly defined IFG at 100-125 mg/dl did not have the predictive power for later increases in CVD or diabetes mortality. Weng J, Li Y, Xu W, et al. Effect of intensive insulin therapy on beta-cell function and glycaemic control in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a multicentre randomized parallel-group trial. Lancet. 2008 May 4;371(9626):1753-1760. Early intensive insulin therapy in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes has favourable outcomes on recovery and maintenance of beta-cell function and protracted glycaemic remission compared with treatment with oral hypoglycaemic agents.
Wernicke JF, et al. A randomized controlled trial of duloxetine in diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain. Neurology. 2006 Oct 24;67(8):1411-20. (InfoPOEMs: In this study, duloxetine (Cymbalta) 60 mg daily was more effective than placebo in reducing pain from neuropathy in pts with diabetes. Higher doses of duloxetine didn't provide much additional benefit. The biases in this study favor treatment, so it is likely that the real benefit is less than what these investigators observed. Finally, we don't know if duloxetine is any more effective than other treatments used for painful diabetic neuropathy. (LOE = 2b-)) Wherrett DK, Bundy B, Becker DJ, et al, and the Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet GAD Study Group. Antigen-based therapy with glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) vaccine in patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes: a randomised double-blind trial. Lancet 2011; published online June 27. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60895-7.
White NH, Sun W, Cleary PA, et al. Effect of Prior Intensive Therapy in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus on 10-year Progression of Retinopathy in the DCCT/EDIC: Comparison of Adults and Adolescents. Diabetes. 2010 Feb 11. Wilding JP, Hardy K. Glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues for type 2 diabetes. BMJ. 2011 Feb 16;342:d410. doi: 10.1136/bmj.d410.
Wile DJ and Toth C. Association of metformin, elevated homocysteine, and methylmalonic acid levels and clinically worsened diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Diabetes Care 2010 Jan; 33:156. (depressed vitamin B12, cobalamin levels) Wilson Jennifer F. In the Clinic: Diabetic Ketoacidosis. Ann Intern Med January 5, 2010 152:ITC1-1; doi:10.1059/0003-4819-152-1-201001050-01001.
Wright AD, Cull CA, Macleod KM, Holman RR; for the UKPDS Group. Hypoglycemia in Type 2 diabetic patients randomized to and maintained on monotherapy with diet, sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin for 6 years from diagnosis: UKPDS73. J Diabetes Complications. 2006 Nov-Dec;20(6):395-401. More on basal insulin reported hypoglycemia (3.8% per year) than diet (0.1%), sulfonylurea (1.2%), or metformin (0.3%) therapy, but less than on basal and prandial insulin (5.3%) (all P<.0001). Low hypoglycemia rates seen during the first 6 years of intensive glucose lowering therapy in Type 2 diabetes are unlikely to have a major impact on attempts to achieve guideline glycemic targets when sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin are used as monotherapy.
Wright A, Burden AC, Paisey RB, Cull CA, Holman RR; U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Sulfonylurea inadequacy: efficacy of addition of insulin over 6 years in patients with type 2 diabetes in the U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS 57). Diabetes Care. 2002 Feb;25(2):330-6.
Yamaoka K, Tango T. Efficacy of lifestyle education to prevent type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Care. 2005 Nov;28(11):2780-6. Yang X, So WY, Ma RC, et al. Low HDL Cholesterol, Metformin Use and Cancer Risk in Type 2 Diabetes – the Hong Kong Diabetes Registry. Diabetes Care. 2010 Oct 27.
Yeung Wing-Chi G, Rawlinson William D, Craig Maria E. Enterovirus infection and type 1 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational molecular studies. BMJ 2011;342:doi:10.1136/bmj.d35 (3 Feb 2011) Young LH, Wackers FJ, Chyun DA, et al. Cardiac outcomes after screening for asymptomatic coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: the DIAD study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2009 Apr 15;301(15):1547-55. Yuqian Bao, Xiaojing Ma, Huating Li et al. Glycated haemoglobin A1c for diagnosing diabetes in Chinese population: cross sectional epidemiological survey; BMJ 2010;340.
Zeller M, Danchin N, Simon D, et al. French Registry of Acute ST-Elevation and Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction investigators. Impact of Type of Preadmission Sulfonylureas on Mortality and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Diabetic Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Aug 11.
Zhang C, et al. A prospective study of pregravid physical activity and sedentary behaviors in relation to the risk for gestational diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med. 2006 Mar 13;166(5):543-8. Zhang Xinzhi; Saaddine Jinan B.; Chou Chiu-Fang; et al. Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in the United States, 2005-2008. JAMA. 2010;304(6):649-656.
Zhou X, Pang Z, Gao W, et al. Performance of an A1C and Fasting Capillary Blood Glucose Test for Screening Newly Diagnosed Diabetes and Pre-Diabetes Defined by an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Qingdao, China. Diabetes Care. 2010 Mar;33(3):545-50. Epub 2009 Dec 10.
Zinman B, Harris SB, Neuman J, et al. Low-dose combination therapy with rosiglitazone and metformin to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus (CANOE trial): A double-blind randomised controlled study. Lancet 2010; DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60746-5.
Zoungas S et al. Severe hypoglycemia and risks of vascular events and death (Advance). N Engl J Med 2010 Oct 7; 363:1410. During a median follow-up period of 5 years, 231 patients (2.1%) had at least one severe hypoglycemic episode; 150 had been assigned to intensive glucose control (2.7% of the 5571 patients in that group), and 81 had been assigned to standard glucose control (1.5% of the 5569 patients in that group).
Clinical Knowledge Summary - Diabetes – NHS – UK: Link http://www.cks.library.nhs.uk/diabetes_type_2
Health Canada – Advisory on rosiglitazone (Avandia) (June 01, 2007) http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/medeff/advisories-avis/prof/2007/avandia_hpc-cps_4_e.html
Important Advice for Managing Your Patients In Canada, Avandia® is NOT approved for use:
- with the combination of metformin AND a sulfonylurea - in patients with pre-diabetes.
Avandia® is contraindicated in patients with NYHA Class III and IV cardiac status.
Avandia® should be used with caution in any patient with NYHA Class I and II cardiac status.
All patients should be monitored for signs and symptoms of fluid retention, edema, and rapid weight gain. The dose of Avandia® used in combination with a sulfonylurea should not exceed 4mg daily.