DIFFERENT TYPE OF ATTACKS IN VANET

The expansion of internet and its extension to the vehicles has made our lives more comfortable, but this is also causes more abuse of technology and increase the number of cyber-crimes. Particularly in the cases of security and privacy VANET has still meet a lot of challenges, nevertheless all the advantages.

Sources of attacks and malicious activities in VANET [83]:

The degree of seriousness of attacks launched by the attackers can fluctuate based on the motif of the attack and the possible impact on the victim:

- Jamming: To avoid VANET communication between vehicles in a certain reception scope interfering transmissions are knowingly generated by the jammer.

- Forgery: Adulteration in VANET architecture compromises the validity, correctness, and timely receipt of transmitted data. One of the main vulnerability is the transfer of false warnings and those being received upon by all vehicles give a rise to chaos in the driving zone.

- Impersonation: When vehicle owner knowingly and hideously take the control and identity of another vehicle to its own or vice-versa is known as impersonation. It also includes message alteration, fake message fabrication and message replay.

- Privacy: Privacy is a serious problem in VANET, as the illegal surveillance ofdriver’s personal data, could disturb their privacy. Due to the periodic and frequent nature of vehicular traffic driver privacy attacks are a severe vulnerability in VANET. The personal data of the drivers can be reinstated by the help of illegal in-transit traffic tampering of safety and traffic related messages, which are sent by the driver.

Considering the fact that the initial idea of VANET aimed to include mobile connectivity between the vehicles to give a rise of data transferring while traveling, in VANET cars have been victims to viruses, phishing, forged messages, identity thefts and many other threats. Security in vehicular environment is of paramount importance since incorrect massage could directly affect human life, particularly in the light of the public acceptance of the technology.

Since in a particular DSRC range the vehicular network is open and reachable from everywhere, it is estimated to be an easy target to users who has malicious intentions.

Attacks against routing Attacks against routing

Due to the fact that the routing is the base of VANET communication and thus routing is also the most attackable part of VANET, sensitive to malicious operations and attacks [84].

Infected nodes in VANET take advantages of the routing algorithms that works together to start routing attacks, such as BH and rushing attacks. Into two broadly categories attacks against routing in VANET are classified:

Impersonating: This attack includes taking on the credentials of another vehicle to spoof route messages. It is also contains fake route metrics advertisement to confuse the topology, sending route message with wrong sequence numbers to repress/delay other messages that are consistent. Flooding the route find unreasonably with DoS, amending a RREQ messages to set false routes, producing bogus route error messages to interrupt a working route or suppressing a valid route error to prevent other vehicles to reach information for further attacks that can be started by the impersonator.

Application Attack: Applications linked to safety and comfort are the major directions of developing new VANET application. Attacker target these application linked massages to take advantages of them for their own benefits, to the detriment of other users. Attacker amendments the content of the real messages and send false, partial, modified or fake messages to other vehicles entailing to serious traffic congestions or even accidents.

One of the most frequent types of attacks application is the bogus information attack, where an attacker inserts false information into the network and these wrong/ fabricated messages have a direct impact over the conduct of cars on the road.

Another catastrophic attack in this category is the modification/alteration of warning messages, which contain the degree of authenticity of a message in the VANET architecture.

Timing Attack: The main goal of this attack is to make the initial massage delay, by adding extra time slot to the srcinal message. By adding this additional time they make the messages useless nevertheless they have unchanged content. Even a small delay in the transmission of messages in VANET can affect these time depending applications.

Social Attack: Class of attack in which by forwarding immoral messages the attacker change/aggravate the behaviour of legitimate vehicles.

Monitoring Attack: Monitoring and tracking of the vehicles, illegally listening to the communication between V2V and V2I and abusing any confidential information is the goal of this attack. Table 4.4 shows various types of security attacks with attacker types and respective security attributes.

Attack Attack Name

Name Attacker Attacker type type Security Security attributesattributes /requirements

Bogus Info Insider Data Integrity/Authentication - V2V

DoS Malicious,

active, insider, network attack

Availability Yes/- V2V; V2I

Masquerading Active, insider Authentication Yes V2V

Black Hole (BH) Passive, outsider

Availability Yes V2V

Malware Malicious, insider

Availability - V2V; V2I

Spamming Malicious,

GPS Spoofing Outsider Authentication - V2V

Man-in-the-middle Insider,

Authentication, privacy Yes V2V Wormhole/tunneling Outsider,

Authentication, data integrity Yes V2V; V2I Impersonation attack Insider Privacy, confidentiality Yes V2V

Social Attack Insider, e.g.

“you re idiot”

Data integrity, trust Yes/- V2V Monitoring attack Monitoring the

road activity

Privacy, authenticity Yes/- V2V; V2I

Table 4.4 Different types of security attacks in VANET with attacker types and respective security attributes