Digital Signal Processing: Some programs allow you to process the signal with reverberation, multitap delay, and other special effects using DSP routines

Virtual reality

8. Digital Signal Processing: Some programs allow you to process the signal with reverberation, multitap delay, and other special effects using DSP routines

9. Reversing Sounds: Another simple manipulation is to reverse all or a portion of a digital audio recording. Sounds can produce a surreal, other wordly effect when played backward.

10. Time Stretching: Advanced programs let you alter the length of a sound file without changing its pitch. This feature can be very useful but watch out: most time stretching algorithms will severely degrade the audio quality.

3.A Write a note on

3.A .iii. Clipart images

The term clip art as it is used today refers to an electronic image or graphic. Clip art pictures and illustrations have a wide variety of uses, including fliers, advertising, scrapbooking, desktop publishing, and printed publications. Computer graphics come in a nearly limitless number of categories and types. Cartoons, borders, backgrounds, sketches, and photo clips are all broadly referred to as clip art, and are available from numerous sources. The electronic pictures may come bundled with software, are available for both free and paid download from the Internet, or can be purchased on CD or DVD.

Historically, clip art illustrations were physically cut out of printed books. As computers became more common and affordable, manual methods of printing and publishing evolved into an

electronic process. It was no longer necessary to clip images by hand and use them to lay out

materials to be reproduced or published. The name clip art remained, and continues to be used, even though the old clipped images have been replaced by computer graphics.

An individual who needs to utilize electronic images can find them available in numerous places.

The small illustrations often come bundled with software used for drawing, word processing, scrap booking, and other pursuits related to writing, designing, or publishing. They can also be

downloaded from a huge variety of websites on the Internet. Many images are available for free, while others require a fee. A person wishing to purchase a collection of computer graphics can also find them on CD or DVD.

Clip art is available in two different forms: bitmap, and vector. Bitmap (BMP) images are widely used and encompass common file formats such as Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) and Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG). They are rectangle-shaped images at a fixed resolution.

Bitmaps are composed of black and white or colored pixels, and can become grainy or blurry when enlarged.

The second type of clip art file is known as a vector. Vector files utilize a mathematical formula to display the shapes, colors, and lines of an image without the use of pixels. They can be scaled to any size without becoming distorted or grainy, and will generally produce graphics of a superior quality when compared to bitmap file formats. The only drawback is that a person needs

professional-level image editing or publishing software in order to utilize vector clip art files.

Electronic images can also be designed to move, blink, sparkle, and perform a host of other similar functions. Animated clip art is a novelty often found on web pages and in e-mail. Like regular, fixed computer graphics, animated images are available to be downloaded, and can be offered either free or at a purchase price.

3.A .iv. Graphic Images Graphic Images

graphic image types are generally broken down into two basic categories: raster graphics and vector graphics. Raster graphic are usually continuous tone images. Like photographs, that are not delineated into precise shapes with smooth edges. but ace built up as a series of pixels, like a painting. the pixels blend together to form the illusion of a single image. The Buffered image class is a structure designed to handle raster graphics. vector graphics are usually simpler images. in terms of number of colors and detail. They have distinct parts, each delineated with a concise edge. while raster graphics are a matrix of the actual pixels displayed on the screen (or an approximation), vector graphics are mathematically described shapes, with color fills, strokes, and other rendering attributes. vector graphics can require much less memory compared to raster graphics, as they represent the plots of mathematical expressions? Since the computer is really a glorified calculator, it grooves on equations. but havi in? to keep track of millions of pixels in real time is more demanding Ultimately

though. in the rendering process to the screen, eventually everything must be converted to screen pixels. However, before the screen rendering, vector graphics ace able to be stored as simple expressions, rather than large arrays of RGBA color values, as with raster graphics.

Raster and vector graphics each have their strengths and weaknesses, and are generally utilized for different purposes.

raster graphics image, or bitmap,

is a data structure representing a generally rectangular grid of pixels, or points of color, viewable via a monitor, paper, or other display medium. Raster images are stored in image files with varying formats

A bitmap corresponds bit-for-bit with an image displayed on a screen, generally in the same format used for storage in the display's video memory, or maybe as a device-independent bitmap. A bitmap is technically characterized by the width and height of the image in pixels and by the number of bits per pixel (a color depth, which determines the number of colors it can represent).

The printing and prepress industries know raster graphics as contones (from "continuous tones") and refer to vector graphics as "line work".

Vector graphics

is the use of geometrical primitives such as points, lines, curves, and shapes or polygon(s), which are all based on mathematical equations, to represent images in computer graphics.

There are instances when working with vector tools and formats is the best practice, and instances when working with raster tools and formats is the best practice. There are times when both formats come together. An understanding of the advantages and limitations of each technology and the relationship between them is most likely to result in efficient and effective use of tools.

4.A Explain the multimedia authoring tools 2006.5.A.i

4.B How to setup multimedia system configuration? 2006.5.B

5.A Explain briefly about the windows platforms that supports multimedia

2006.6.B

5.B What is the role of internet in multimedia? 2008.7.A

6.A i. What is menu?

ii. What are essential things to follow for its creation?