CVSROOT Should contain the full pathname to the root of the cvs source repository (where the RCS files are kept). This information must be available to cvs for most commands to execute; if CVSROOT
is not set, or if you wish to override it for one invocation, you can supply it on the command line: cvs –d cvsroot cvs command.... You may not need to set CVSROOT if your cvs binary has the right path compiled in; use cvs –v to display all compiled-in paths.
CVSREAD If this is set, checkout and update will try hard to make the files in your working directory read- only. When this is not set, the default behavior is to permit modification of your working files.
RCSBIN Specifies the full pathname where to find RCS programs, such as co(1)and ci(1). If not set, a compiled-in value is used; see the display from cvs –v.
CVSEDITOR Specifies the program to use for recording log messages during commit. If not set, the EDITOR
environment variable is used instead. If EDITOR is not set either, the default is /usr/ucb/vi.
CVS_IGNORE_REMOTE_ROOT If this variable is set, then cvs will ignore all references to remote repositories in the CVS/Root
CVS_RSH cvs uses the contents of this variable to determine the name of the remote shell command to use when starting a cvs server. If this variable is not set then rsh is used.
CVS_SERVER cvs uses the contents of this variable to determine the name of the cvs server command. If this variable is not set then cvs is used.
CVSWRAPPERS This variable is used by the cvswrappers script to determine the name of the wrapper file, in addition to the wrappers defaults contained in the repository (CVSROOT/cvswrappers) and the user’s home directory (˜/.cvswrappers).
AUTHORS
Dick Grune Original author of the cvs shell script version posted to comp.sources.unix in the volume 6 release of December, 1986. Credited with much of the cvs conflict resolution algorithms. Brian Berliner Coder and designer of the cvs program itself in April, 1989, based on the original work done by
Dick.
Jeff Polk Helped Brian with the design of the cvs module and vendor branch support and author of the
checkin(1) shell script (the ancestor of cvs import).
SEE ALSO
ci(1), co(1), cvs(5), cvsbug(8), diff(1), grep(1), patch(1), rcs(1), rcsdiff(1), rcsmerge(1), rlogbug(8)
13 March 1996
date
date—Show and set date and time
SYNOPSIS
date [ –u ][–c ][–n ][–d dsttype ] [ –t minutes-west ] [ –a [+|-]sss.fff ][+format ][ [yyyy]mmddhhmm[yy][.ss]]
DESCRIPTION
Date without arguments writes the date and time to the standard output in the form:
Wed Mar 8 14:54:40 EST 1989
with EST replaced by the local time zone’s abbreviation (or by the abbreviation for the time zone specified in the TZ environ- ment variable if set). The exact output format depends on the locale.
If a command-line argument starts with a plus sign (+), the rest of the argument is used as a format that controls what appears in the output. In the format, when a percent sign (%) appears, it and the character after it are not output, but rather
identify part of the date or time to be output in a particular way (or identify a special character to output):
Argument Sample output Explanation
%a Wed Abbreviated weekday name*
%A Wednesday Full weekday name*
%b Mar Abbreviated month name*
%B March Full month name*
%c Wed Mar 08 14:54:40 1989 Date and time*
%C 19 Century
%d 08 Day of month (always two digits)
%e 8 Day of month (leading zero blanked)
%h Mar Abbreviated month name*
%H 14 24-hour-clock hour (two digits)
%I 02 12-hour-clock hour (two digits)
%j 067 Julian day number (three digits)
%k 2 12-hour-clock hour (leading zero blanked) %l 14 24-hour-clock hour (leading zero blanked)
%m 03 Month number (two digits)
%M 54 Minute (two digits)
%n nn Newline character
%p PM AM/PM designation
%r 02:54:40 PM Hour:minute:second AM/PM designation
%R 14:54 Hour:minute
%S 40 Second (two digits)
%t nt Tab character
%T 14:54:40 Hour:minute:second
%U 10 Sunday-based week number (two digits)
%w 3 Day number (one digit, Sunday is 0)
%W 10 Monday-based week number (two digits)
%x 03/08/89 Date*
%X 14:54:40 Time*
%y 89 Last two digits of year
%Y 1989 Year in full
%Z EST Time zone abbreviation
%+ Wed Mar 8 14:54:40 EST 1989 Default output format*
* The exact output depends on the locale.
If a character other than one of those shown in the preceding table appears after a percent sign in the format, that following character is output. All other characters in the format are copied unchanged to the output; a newline character is always added at the end of the output.
In Sunday-based week numbering, the first Sunday of the year begins week 1; days preceding it are part of week 0. In Monday-based week numbering, the first Monday of the year begins week 1.
To set the date, use a command-line argument with one of the following forms:
1454 24-hour-clock hours (first two digits) and minutes
081454 Month day (first two digits), hours, and minutes
03081454 Month (two digits, January is 01), month day, hours, minutes
8903081454 Year, month, month day, hours, minutes
0308145489 Month, month day, hours, minutes, year (on System V-compatible systems)
030814541989 Month, month day, hours, minutes, four-digit year 198903081454 Four-digit year, month, month day, hours, minutes
If the century, year, month, or month day is not given, the current value is used. Any of the preceding forms may be followed by a period and two digits that give the seconds part of the new time; if no seconds are given, zero is assumed. These options are available:
–u or –c Use GMT when setting and showing the date and time.
–n Do not notify other networked systems of the time change.
–d dsttype Set the kernel-stored Daylight Saving Time type to the given value. (The kernel-stored DST type is used mostly by “old” binaries.)
–t minutes-west Set the kernel-stored “minutes west of GMT” value to the one given on the command line. (The kernel-stored DST type is used mostly by “old” binaries.)
–a adjustment Change the time forward (or backward) by the number of seconds (and fractions thereof) specified in the adjustment argument. Either the seconds part or the fractions part of the argument (but not both) may be omitted. On BSD-based systems, the adjustment is made by changing the rate at which time advances; on System-V–based systems, the adjustment is made by changing the time.
FILES
/usr/lib/locale/L/LC TIME Description of time locale L /usr/local/etc/zoneinfo Time zone information directory
/usr/local/etc/zoneinfo/localtime Local time zone file
/usr/local/etc/zoneinfo/posixrules Used with POSIX-style TZs /usr/local/etc/zoneinfo/GMT For UTC leap seconds
If /usr/local/etc/zoneinfo/GMT is absent, UTC leap seconds are loaded from /usr/local/etc/zoneinfo/posixrules.
dd
dd—Convert a file while copying it (data dumper)
SYNOPSIS
dd [—help] [—version] [if=file] [of=file] [ibs=bytes] [obs=bytes] [bs=bytes] [cbs=bytes] [skip=blocks] [seek=blocks] [count=blocks] [conv={ascii,
ebcdic, ibm, block, unblock, lcase, ucase, swab, noerror, notrunc, sync}]
DESCRIPTION
This manual page documents the GNU version of dd. dd copies a file (from the standard input to the standard output, by default) with a user-selectable blocksize, while optionally performing conversions on it.
OPTIONS
Numbers can be followed by a multiplier:
b=512, c=1, k=1024, w=2, xm=number m
These options are available:
—help Print a usage message on standard output and exit successfully.
—version Print version information on standard output then exit successfully.
if=file Read from file instead of the standard input.
of=file Write to file instead of the standard output. Unless conv=notrunc is given, truncate file to the size specified by seek= (0 bytes if seek= is not given).
ibs=bytes Read bytes bytes at a time.
obs=bytes Write bytes bytes at a time.
cbs=bytes Convert bytes bytes at a time.
skip=blocks Skip blocksibs-sized blocks at start of input.
seek=blocks Skip blocksobs-sized blocks at start of output.
count=blocks Copy only blocksibs-sized input blocks.
conv=conversion[,conversion...] Convert the file as specified by the conversion arguments. Conversions:
ascii Convert EBCDIC to ASCII.
ebcdic Convert ASCII to EBCDIC.
ibm Convert ASCII to alternate EBCDIC.
block Pad newline-terminated records to size of cbs, replacing newline with trailing spaces.
unblock Replace trailing spaces in cbs-sized block with newline.
lcase Change uppercase characters to lowercase.
ucase Change lowercase characters to uppercase.
swab Swap every pair of input bytes. Unlike the UNIX dd, this works when an odd number of bytes are read. If the input file contains an odd number of bytes, the last byte is simply copied (since there is nothing to swap it with).
noerror Continue after read errors.
notrunc Do not truncate the output file.
sync Pad every input block to size of ibs with trailing NULLs.
GNU File Utilities