insmod(1), nm(1) rmmod(1)
NOTES
The pattern supplied to modprobe will often be escaped to ensure that it is evaluated in the proper context.
AUTHOR
Jacques Gelinas ([email protected]), Bjorn Ekwall ([email protected])
BUGS
Naah…
Linux, 14 May 1995
df
df—Summarize free disk space
SYNOPSIS
df [–aikPv] [–t fstype] [–x fstype] [—all] [—inodes] [—type=fstype] [—exclude–type=fstype] [—kilobytes] [—portability] [—print–type] [—help] [—version] [filename...]
DESCRIPTION
This manual page documents the GNU version of df. df displays the amount of disk space available on the filesystem
containing each filename argument. If no filename is given, the space available on all currently mounted filesystems is shown. Disk space is shown in 1K blocks by default, unless the environment variable POSIXLY_CORRECT is set, in which case 512-byte blocks are used.
If an argument is the absolute filename of a disk device node containing a mounted filesystem, df shows the space available
on that filesystem rather than on the filesystem containing the device node (which is always the root filesystem). This version of df cannot show the space available on unmounted filesystems, because on most kinds of systems doing so requires very nonportable, intimate knowledge of filesystem structures.
OPTIONS
–a, —all Include in the listing filesystems that have 0 blocks, which are omitted by default. Such filesystems are typically special-purpose pseudo-filesystems, such as automounter entries. On some systems, filesystems of type ignore or auto are also omitted by default and included in the listing by this option.
-i, —inodes List inode usage information instead of block usage. An inode (short for “index node”) is a special kind of disk block that contains information about a file, such as its owner, permissions, timestamps, and location on the disk.
–k, —kilobytes Print sizes in 1K blocks instead of 512-byte blocks. This overrides the environment variable
POSIXLY_CORRECT.
–P, —portability Use the POSIX output format. This is like the default format except that the information about each filesystem is always printed on exactly one line; a mount device is never put on a line by itself. This means that if the mount device name is more than 20 characters long (as for some network mounts), the columns are misaligned.
–T, —print–type Print a type string for each filesystem. Any such printed filesystem type name may be used as an argument to either of the —type= or —exclude–type= options.
–t, —type=fstype Limit the listing to filesystems of type fstype. Multiple filesystem types can be shown by giving multiple –t options. By default, all filesystem types are listed.
–x, —exclude–type=fstype Limit the listing to filesystems not of type fstype. Multiple filesystem types can be eliminated by giving multiple –x options. By default, all filesystem types are listed.
–v Ignored; for compatibility with System V versions of df.
—help Print a usage message on standard output and exit successfully.
—version Print version information on standard output then exit successfully.
GNU File Utilities
dig
dig—Send domain name query packets to name servers
SYNOPSIS
dig [@server] domain [<query-type>][<query-class>][+<query-option>][–<dig-option>] [%comment]
DESCRIPTION
dig (domain information groper) is a flexible command-line tool that can be used to gather information from the Domain Name System servers. dig has two modes: simple interactive mode that makes a single query, and batch that executes a query
for each in a list of several query lines. All query options are accessible from the command line. The usual simple use of dig takes the form:
dig @server domain query-type query-class
where
server May be either a domain name or a dot-notation Internet address. If this optional field is omitted,
dig will attempt to use the default name server for your machine.
NOTE
If a domain name is specified, this will be resolved using the domain name system resolver (BIND). If your system does not
support DNS, you may have to specify a dot-notation address. Alternatively, if there is a server at your disposal some- where, all that is required is that /etc/resolv.conf be present and indicate where the default name servers reside, so that server itself can be resolved. See resolver(5) for information on /etc/resolv.conf.
WARNING
Changing /etc/resolv.conf will affect the standard resolver library and potentially several programs that use it.) As an
option, the user may set the environment variable LOCALRES to name a file which is to be used instead of /etc/resolv.conf
(LOCALRES is specific to the dig resolver and not referenced by the standard resolver). If the LOCALRES variable is not set or the file is not readable, then /etc/resolv.conf will be used.
domain The domain name for which you are requesting information. See “Options” [-x] for a convenient way to specify inverse address query.
query-type The type of information (DNS query type) that you are requesting. If omitted, the default is a (T_A = address). The following types are recognized:
Type Example Description
a T_A Network address
any T_ANY All/any information about specified domain
mx T_MX Mail exchanger for the domain
ns T_NS Name servers
soa T_SOA Zone of authority record
hinfo T_HINFO Host information
axfr T_AXFR Zone transfer (must ask an authoritative server)
txt T_TXT Arbitrary number of strings (See RFC 1035 for the complete list.)
query-class The network class requested in the query. If omitted, the default is in (C_IN = Internet). The following classes are recognized:
in C_IN Internet class domain
any C_ANY All/any class information (See RFC 1035 for the complete list.)
NOTE
any can be used to specify a class and/or a type of query. dig will parse the first occurrence of any to mean query-type = T_ANY.
To specify query-class = C_ANY you must either specify any twice, or set query-class using –c option. (See “Other Op- tions,” next.)