1 . Read the for and against essay below. Does the writer believe animal experimentation is necessary?
ANI MAL EXPE R I M E NTATI O N
People have experimented o n animals for many years i n order to find out how t o cure disea e . However, today many people claim that animal testing i a cruel form o f exploitation.
On the one hand, medical experimenting on animals cause them pain and uffering. In
addition, doctors cannot always apply the re ult to humans because of the physical differences between people and animals. Furthermore, many animal te ts are unnecessary because there are alternative method , uch as u ing computer models of the human body.
On the other hand, animal experimentation has played an important role in many medical advances, including treatment for cancer and AIDS, open-heart surgery and organ tran plants.
Moreover, alternative methods are sometime not as accurate as using animals.
In conclusion, although I realise that animal te ting causes suffering, I believe it is nece ary in order to help human being . Nevertheless, government hould make ure that laboratory animal are treated as humanely as possible and used only when completely neces ary.
2. In which paragraphs of the essay does the writer ... ?
1 . present a rg u ments to support a ni mal experimentation
2. present the other side of the issue and give a rguments su pporting it 3. i ntrod uce the issue I controversy
4. summarise the arguments and give his I her opin ion
CONNECTORS OF ADDITION AND CONTRAST
We use connectors to show the rel ations h i p between ideas.
Con nectors of a d d ition con n ect s i m i l a r i deas. Con nectors of contrast connect contrasting ideas.
3. Below is a list of connectors of addition and contrast. Find three connectors of addition and three connectors of contrast in the model. What ideas do they connect or contrast?
Con nectors of add ition Con nectors of contrast
a lso and as well as but I however I nevertheless in spite of I despite
on the one hand I on the other hand although I even though
i n addition (to) furthermore
moreover what's more besides while
4.
1 .
2.
3 .
4.
5.
Choose the correct connector.
Many people have started exercising in recent yea rs. I n addition I However, healthy, natura l foods have become quite popular.
Anna has got a lovely personal ity i n spite of I as w e l l as a g reat sense of h u mour.
Extreme sports can be very dangerous. Nevertheless I Furthermore, many people enjoy them.
Our plane a rrived an hour late. Moreover I H owever, two of our su itcases were lost.
Anthony l i kes his new job as well as I despite the low pay.
DESPITE / I N SPITE O F -Despite and in spite of
: •;: "al l owed by a n o u n p h rase or gerund (ve rb+ - ing), w h i l e
f e n though a n d although a re fo l lowed b y a cla use with : � :Jject + verb.
:::spite I In spite of the high price, I bought the dress.
-�o failed the exam despite I in spite of studying off night.
-� s not wearing a coat, even though I although it's cold.
.;,. Choose the correct connector.
-1e someti mes eats fish although I despite he's a
� Rewrite each of the following sentences in two ways.
Use the connectors in brackets.
· . Our town has got severa l sports centres. it's also got a (nevertheless, despite)
.:.S well as is followed by a noun or a gerund. lt is never
=ollowed by a clause.
�::;"'?ponies use animals for testing medicines as well as
�osmetics . ./
:::n Companies use animals for testing medicines as well as
test cosmetics. X
� Complete the sentences with a logical ending.
On the one hand, it's g reat to travel . On the other statements below. Which would you put in your "pros" l ist? Which would you put in your "cons" l ist?
- Zoos m a ke people aware of the value and beauty of a n i mals.
Without zoos, people would not be able to see these a n i mals.
Animals in zoos suffer from isolation and don't have enough space or exercise.
- Modern zoos are similar to the a n i mals' natural habitat.
Most zoo animals are n ot enda ngered . They are kept for enterta i n ment.
Zoos help protect endangered a n i mals.
lt is wrong to keep wild a n imals i n captivity.
2. Organise your ideas. Use the model on page 62 and the plan below to help you.
PLAN
Ope n i n g : State the issue I controversy.
Body: Present arg u ments supporting one side of the issue.
Present argu ments supporting the other side of the issue.
Closing: Sum u p the topic and state your opinion .
3. Write a first draft.
4. Use the checklist to check your work.
Then write a final draft.
SKILLS
G IVING A P R E S ENTATIONYou a re going to learn some techniques to help you prepare and give a n oral presentation. Read the Steps for Oral Presentation and a nswer the Task Quest ions.
STEPS FOR ORAL PRESENTATION A. RESEARCH YOUR TOPIC Use the steps in Internet Research
(Life Skills U nit 4) to research your topic.
B. ORGANISE YOUR PRESENTATION Introduction
I ntroduce you r topic by starting with someth ing that will catch you r audience's attention, for exa mple a startling fact a questio n or a personal experience.
Body
Organ ise your tal k around 2-3 main points.
The poi nts should have a logical seq uence.
Add supporting deta ils and exa mples to each main point.
Conclusion
S u m ma rise you r talk and restate the most i mportant points.
C. USE CUE CARDS
Use small cue cards to help you remember what you want to say.
• Write only one i dea or fact on a ca rd .
• Use large writing so you can read it easi ly.
• N u m ber the cards.
• Write only keywords, not full sentences.
D. PRACTICE
Using you r cue cards, rehearse i n front of a mi rror or a friend .
TASK QUESTIONS
1 . Look at the fol lowi ng open ings from
a presentation a bout whale h u nt i n g . Which tech n i q ues does each one use?
Which do you t h i n k is the best?
1 . Why would a nyone want to k i l l a n animal as intel ligent as a whale?
2. I saw a whale hunt on TV, and it made me very sad.
3. it's i llegal to hunt whal es, but h u nters still kill 2 ,000 whales every year.
2. Read the fol lowing sentences from a
presentation a bout whale h u nt i n g . Which a re m a i n poi nts? Which a re supporting ideas?
1 . The methods used to kill whales a re very cruel.
2. Seven out of 1 3 whale species a re endangered . 3 . H unters use a harpoon, which explodes inside the
whale and causes terrible pain.
4 . Many species of whale m ight disappear if whale h u nting continues.
3. Look at the sentences below. Which is a better conclusion?
1 . In short, whale h u nting is cruel a n d u n necessary, and may lead to the exti nction of some whale species.
2. In conclusion, most people agree that whale h u nting should be stopped .
4. Which is a better cue card? Why?
A B
• USE YOUR SKILLS
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die.Resea rch a n issue a nd present it to the class.
• Thi n k of a n issue or p roblem that you feel is i m porta
• Use the steps described on this page to help you prep�
you r presentation.
0
Unit Obj ectives
* Weather
' Modals and M odal Perfects
* Listen ing to News Reports
• interviewing
* Writing a News Report
" L i fe Skills: Using G raphs and Charts