8. Annexes
8.9. Securing of steel products and of packaging for chemicals
8.9.2. Some examples of stowage and securing of the most commonly used
transport (FTL shipments)
Introduction
In the following sections examples are described of possible ways of securing various types of packages and loads. It is not the objective of these guidelines to provide a comprehensive overview of all possible techniques of securing loads in the different types of cargo transport units.
Alternative methods may exist which provide an equivalent or even better standard of cargo securing
Content
1. Loose drums in an open sided trailer (cover/stake body types or tilt trailer).
2. Palletized drums in combination with top-over lashing in a curtain sider or in an open sided trailer (cover/stake body types or tilt trailer).
3. Palletized drums in combination with form-locked securement in an open sided trailer (cover/stake body types or tilt trailer).
4. Palletized IBC’s in combination with top-over lashing in a curtain sider or in an open sided trailer (cover/stake body types or tilt trailer).
5. Bags on pallets in combination with form-locked securement in an open sided trailer (cover/stake body types or tilt trailer).
6. Bags on pallets in combination with form-locked securement in an open sided trailer (cover/stake body types or tilt trailer).
7. Big bags in combination with top-over lashing in a curtain sider or in an open sided trailer (cover/stake body types or tilt trailer).
8. Big bags in combination with form-locked securement in an open sided trailer (cover/stake body types or tilt trailer).
9. Octabins in a certified curtain sider or in an open sided trailer (cover/stake body types or tilt trailer).
10. Loose drums double-stacked in a container. 11. IBCs double stacked in a container
178
8.9.2.1. Loose drums in an open sided trailer (cover/stake body types or tilt trailer)
Drums are loaded against the head board and shifted row by row to one side to create a form lock. The drums colored in dark-orange protrude. Two rear lashings are applied, one at the back and one at the middle supporting the headboard. Horizontal one-way straps block the last rows.
8.9.2.2. Palletized drums in combination with top-over lashing in a curtain sider or in an open sided trailer (cover/stake body types or tilt trailer)
Drums are loaded against the head board, two pallets on one row. At every row, one top over lashing is used.
The lashing straps are supported by rigid edges to prevent the lashes to slip between the drums.
front rear
Horizontal one way straps Rear lashing 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 front rear
Horizontal one way straps Rear lashing 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 Lashing straps Rigid edges 1 2 1 2
Guidance for calculation of required number of
lashings is found in annex 3.6 or 3.7 Lashing straps Rigid edges 1 2 1 2
Guidance for calculation of required number of
lashings is found in annex 3.6 or 3.7
179
8.9.2.3. Palletized drums in combination with form-locked
securement in an open sided trailer (cover/stake body types or tilt trailer).
Drums are loaded against the head board, two pallets on one row. Total free space side by side is less than 8 cm. Otherwise free spaces should be filled with filler material to have proper form locked securement. At the end a rear lash with two pallets and two lashings are used.
Extra friction material should be used in case the friction between load and floor is low.
8.9.2.4. Palletized IBC’s in combination with top-over lashing in a curtain sider or in an open sided trailer (cover/stake body types or tilt trailer).
IBC’s are loaded against the head board. One top-over lashing should be used for every row of two IBC’s.
Extra friction material friction material should be used in case friction between load and floor is low and cannot be compensated by top-over lashing.
Lashing straps
Optional anti-sliding mats
1
2
1 2
Guidance for calculation of required number of
lashings is found in annex 3.6 or 3.7
Lashing straps
Optional anti-sliding mats
1
2
1 2
Guidance for calculation of required number of
lashings is found in annex 3.6 or 3.7
Rear Lashing
Total free Space < 8cm Optional anti-sliding mats 1
1
2
Guidance for calculation of required number of
lashings is found in annex 3.6 or 3.7
2
3
3 Rear Lashing
Total free Space < 8cm Optional anti-sliding mats 1
1
2
Guidance for calculation of required number of
lashings is found in annex 3.6 or 3.7
2
3
180
8.9.2.5. Bags on pallets in combination with top-over lashing in a curtain sider or in an open sided trailer (cover/stake body types or tilt trailer).
One top-over lashing should be used for every row of two bags. Optional card board edge protectors should be used to prevent damage of the bags. Extra friction material should be used in case friction between load and floor is low and cannot be compensated by top-over lashing.
8.9.2.6. Bags on pallets in combination with form-locked securement in an open sided trailer (cover/stake body types or tilt trailer).
Total free space side by side is less than 8 cm. Otherwise free space should be filled with filler material to have proper form locked securement.
At the end a rear lash with two pallets and two lashings should be used.
In case the friction of the load floor in combination with the pre-tension of the top-over lashing is not sufficient, anti-sliding mats under the pallets should be considered.
Lashing straps
Optional cardboard edge protectors Optional anti-sliding mats
1 2
1 2
Guidance for calculation of required number of
lashings is found in annex 3.6 or 3.7
3 3
Lashing straps
Optional cardboard edge protectors Optional anti-sliding mats
1 2
1 2
Guidance for calculation of required number of
lashings is found in annex 3.6 or 3.7
3 3
Rear lashing : Pallets + Lashing straps
Optional anti-sliding mats
1
2 1
2 3
Rear lashing : Pallets + Lashing straps
Optional anti-sliding mats
1
2 1
2 3
181
8.9.2.7. Big bags in combination with top-over lashing in a curtain sider or in an open sided trailer (cover/stake body types or tilt trailer).
One top-over lashing should be used for every row of two bags. In case the friction of the load floor in combination with the pre-tension of the top-over lashing is not sufficient, anti-sliding mats under the pallets should be considered.
8.9.2.8. Big bags in combination with form-locked securement in an open sided trailer (cover/stake body types or tilt trailer).
Total free space side by side is less than 8 cm. Otherwise free space should be filled with filler material to have proper form locked securement.
At the end a rear lash with two pallets and two lashings should be used.
In case the friction of the load floor in combination with the pre-tension of the top-over lashing is not sufficient, anti-sliding mats under the pallets should be considered.
1
1
Lashing straps
Optional anti-sliding mats
Guidance for calculation of required number of
lashings is found in annex 3.6 or 3.7
2
2
1
1
Lashing strapsOptional anti-sliding mats
Guidance for calculation of required number of
lashings is found in annex 3.6 or 3.7
2
2
Rear lashing : Pallets + Lashing straps Optional anti-sliding mats
Side boards, strength of at least 0.3 of the payload 1 2 3 1 2 3
Rear lashing : Pallets + Lashing straps Optional anti-sliding mats
Side boards, strength of at least 0.3 of the payload 1 2 3 1 2 3
182
8.9.2.9. Octabins in a certified curtain sider or in an open sided trailer (cover/stake body types or tilt trailer).
A full load of 24 octabins is separated in three groups with wooden racks in between. The wooden racks assure that the slope lashing stay in position. The top-over lashing is strapped over an empty pallet on top of the octabin to prevent damage of the package. The last eight octabins are grouped together with a horizontal lashing. * Footnote: This type of cargo securing can only be used in vehicles with a side protection that can withstand 30% of the maximum cargo weight.
8.9.2.10. Loose drums double-stacked in a container.
Both layers are strapped in an Olympic ring formation.
Sturdy cardboard sheets or equivalent should be used to cushion and increase friction between the layers, to prevent cargo damage and movement.
Lashing straps
Empty pallet or edge protection
Wooden rack 3 2 3 1 1 3 2 Lashing straps
Empty pallet or edge protection
Wooden rack 3 2 3 1 1 3 2
Equally-sized packages, e.g. 200L drums, should be tightly blockstowed to fill the whole CTU loading platform, then bound together by overlapping securing straps in a ring
formation
"Olympic Ring“ Formation
(Top view)
Equally-sized packages, e.g. 200L drums, should be tightly blockstowed to fill the whole CTU loading platform, then bound together by overlapping securing straps in a ring
formation
Equally-sized packages, e.g. 200L drums, should be tightly blockstowed to fill the whole CTU loading platform, then bound together by overlapping securing straps in a ring
formation
"Olympic Ring“ Formation
(Top view)
183 Steel drums, block-stowed and secured with overlapping straps.
Steel drums, double-stacked in a block stow, and secured by tensionable straps which are fixed to the framework of the container.
Top view Top view
184 Steel drums secured by high strength self-adhesive polymer film, which is stuck firmly onto the inner side-walls of the container. Humidity may lower the security effect.
8.9.2.11. IBCs double stacked in a container.
IBCs, blocked by horizontally inserted timber planks, and void spaces filled with air bags or equivalent packing material.
Top view Top view
185
8.9.2.12. Palletized bags with chemical goods loaded in a container.
Palletized chemical goods loaded in a container. Double stacking of palletized goods, blocked by horizontal timber planks, fixed by vertical timber battens.
Damage to soft packages from the blocking equipment may be prevented with sturdy cardboard sheets or similar.
Top view Top view